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Text 4. Raymond Damadian (1936)





Fig. 7 Raymond Damadian and his invention

Pre-question:

Do you know the name of Damadian? What is he famous for?

Pre-reading task:

Give the Russian equivalents:

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Scanning Machine, Health Science Center, nuclear magnetic resonance, FONAR Corporation, MRI scanner, the Leslie Munzer Neurological Institute of Long Island

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. to earn the bachelor’s degree поучить степень бакалавраo
2. intense curiosity сильная любознательность
3. passion for science страсть к науке
4. lead to (led, led) приводить к (каким-л. результатам); быть причиной (чего-л.)
5.Magnetic Resonance Scanning Machine томограф
6. diagnostic tool диагностическое оборудование
7. to emit излучать
8.body's cells клетки тела
9.to enable делать возможным
10.non-invasive mapping неинвазивное отображение
11.human body человеческое тело
12.meticulous тщательный, основательный
13.detail деталь. подробность
14.successfully успешно
15.to map отображать
16.potassium калий
17.deposits отложения
18. to prompt побуждать, толкать
19. nuclear ядерный
20. potential applications возможные применения
21. to realize представлять, осознавать
22.to spark воспламенять, зажигать; вызывать
23. unprecedented беспрецедентный
24. inspired by smth./smb. вдохновленный
25. breast cancer рак молочной железы
26. goal задача, цель
27. tissue ткань, материя
28. disease болезнь
29. arduous трудный, тяжелый
30.to entail влечь за собой, вызывать (что-л.)
31. to fit умещаться
32. thin худой
33.to undergo подвергаться

Reading:

Read and translate the text:

Raymond Damadian was born 1936 in New York in an Armenian family. He earned his bachelors degree in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956, and an M.D. degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1960.

Raymond Damadian's intense curiosity and passion for science led him to develop the first MR (Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine - one of the most useful diagnostic tools of our time. MR scanners use radio signals emitted from the body's cells to enable a non-invasive mapping of the human body in meticulous detail.

As a professor at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Brooklyn, Damadian and a colleague successfully mapped potassium deposits using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device. This prompted Damadian to think of potential applications for NMR technology in medicine. He realized that "if you could ever get this technology to provide the chemistry of the human body…you could spark an unprecedented revolution in medicine." Inspired by his grandmother who died from breast cancer, Damadian's goal was to develop a device to x-ray the tissues of the human body and detect disease.

With help from his graduate assistants, Damadian completed the first MR scanner in 1977, named Indomitable, because of the seven years of arduous work it entailed. Since Damadian was too big to fit in the device, his thinner assistant Larry Minkoff, underwent the first human scan by Indomitable on July 2, 1977. Damadian obtained a patent for his design in 1974 and established the FONAR Corporation in 1978, which introduced the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980.

Damadian has received over 45 patents (some co-invented) for improvements to his MRI scanner. Among his innovations are a full-sized MRI operating room that allows unrestricted patient access and can fit a surgical team and equipment, and the Stand-Up MRI™ the only scanner capable of scanning patients while standing. Though FONAR has faced opposition from competitors throughout the years, Damadian has persistently fought patent infringement, and as a result, continues to be an ardent advocate of the independent inventor.

For his pioneering work in magnetic resonance scanning technology, Raymond Damadian was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Program's5 Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001.

In April 2008, Damadian was presented with the Caring Award by the Leslie Munzer Neurological Institute of Long Island6 (LMNI) for his invention of the MRI and his current work at FONAR.

After you have read:

4.1 Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:

1. Raymond Damadian was born 1936 in Manchester in an Armenian family.

2.He earned his bachelors degree in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956, and an M.D. degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in London in 1960.

3. Raymond Damadian's intense curiosity and passion for science led him to develop the first gasoline engine.

4. MR scanners use radio signals emitted from the body's cells to enable a non-invasive mapping of the human body in meticulous detail.

5. Damadian underwent the first human scan by Indomitable on July 2, 1977.

6. Damadian has received over 45 patents (some co-invented) for improvements to his MRI scanner.

7. For his pioneering work in magnetic resonance scanning technology, Raymond Damadian was awarded the Nobel Prize.

4.2 Fill in the blanks with words from the text:

1. Damadian earned …. in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1956, and an … from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1960.

2. MR scanners … radio signals emitted from the … to enable a non-invasive mapping … in meticulous detail.

3. As a professor …. of New York Health Science Center in Brooklyn, Damadian and a colleague successfully …potassium deposits …. a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device.

4. With help from his graduate assistants, Damadian … the first MR scanner in 1977, named …, because of the seven years of … work it entailed.

5. Since Damadian was too big … in the device, his … assistant Larry Minkoff, …the first human scan by Indomitable on July 2, 1977.

6. Damadian … a patent for his design in 1974 and..l the FONAR Corporation in 1978, which … the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980.

7. Though FONAR … opposition from competitors … the years, Damadian …… patent infringement, and as a result, …. to be an ardent advocate of the …..inventor.







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