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Allocation of Products and Resources ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 3 из 3 Pure market economy, without any government control allocates products and resources. As to the command economy, practically speaking, it allows the government to act as a dictator. Fortunately a community or a country does not have to make a complete choice between the two extremes: the market economy and the command economy. Instead it can compromise and have a mixed economy. In a mixed economy three quarters of production is carried out by the private sector through the market, though subject to varying degrees of government control. For the other quarter the government is directly responsible through the public sector. Thus the government influences the allocation of the goods and services produced. Even in the USA, a stronghold of free enterprise, it has been found necessary to control or regulate national income conditions. As to Britain, today it has mixed economy. In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC. In the private sector are the majority of the nation’s industries, both large and small, from giants like ICI and BP to small family businesses.
Грамматические упражнения
a cake a mouse a door a carpet a fish a language
8 вариант A Radio Report on the Stock Markets On the London stock market yesterday, shares remained close to last week’s record highs. Financial and discount houses were a firm sector, with United Alverson advancing twenty pence to seven pounds sixty-eight. Banks too made further gains, and Key Commerce rose twelve to six seventy-six. Among the other features, Ainscough and Lee were up nine at four thirty-seven on bid hopes, the Sheldon jumped thirty to two fourty-five on their Monday sale of their Quinton stake. Hale and Owen stuck at two oh four, despite reporting treble interim profits which in fact conceal a setback. On Wall Street on Tuesday, leading stocks were moderately firmer, though the market was mixed. Falling stocks outnumbered rising ones by seven hundred and ninety-eight to seven hundred and twenty-eight, on a moderate volume of one hundred and one million shares. Bonds were strong. In Tokyo today there were heavy falls for many shares, especially among the market leaders. Hong Kong shares slipped back a little. In Australia, shares fell sharply across the board although trading was subdued.
Грамматические упражнения
a photo a department a knife a sheep a story a man
9 вариант Central Banks Go Centre Stage The Bank of England and the Bundesbank will be in the limelight this week as markets wait anxiously to see whether or not lower interest rates are in store. The US Federal Reserve meets next week to discuss monetary policy, with lower rates on the agenda. The dollar is the most likely beneficiary of any policy changes, but markets paradoxically believe that lower domestic interest rates will help sustain rallying bond and equity markets. Lower German rates will also help the dollar. The political context, however, will remain crucial for the dollar. Until there is a budget deal, it is difficult to see it making any decisive move. Recent economic data in Germany have increased the prospect of a rate cut. The currency most vulnerable to no change, from the Bundesbank may be the French Franc, which last week showed admirable resilience in the face of widespread industrial unrest. A cut in UK rates could push the sterling lower, though the extent of any move will depend on events in Germany, and the behavior of the dollar.
Грамматические упражнения
a teapot a person a chair a potato an arm a loaf
10 вариант The Terms In order to employ factors of production, a firm has to have finance. This is usually divided into working capital and fixed capital. Working capital is for purchasing single-use factors or “variable factors”. They are labour, raw materials, petrol, stationery, fertilizers, etc. finance for working capital can be obtained from a variety of sources: banks, trade, credit, finance companies, factor houses, tax reserves, inter-company finance, advance deposits from customers and the government. For example, a company may secure some funds through the Enterprise Allowance Scheme which on conditions provides an allowance of £40 per week for a year when starting a new business.\ Fixed capital covers factors which are used many times-factories, machines, land, lorries, etc. Some finance for fixed capital is therefore required initially for advance payments on factory buildings, machinery and so on before the firm is earning revenue, though it is possible to convert fixed capital into working capital by renting buildings, hiring plant and vehicles or by leasing or buying on deferred payments through a finance company. Thus many companies, especially new ones, raise capital, both working and fixed, by borrowing, by selling their shares.
Грамматические упражнения
a dress an income a subject a test a child a fish
Литература
Основная: К.Э. Эккерли Учебник английского языка. «Русская версия», 2014. И.П. Арабекян English for Economists. Английский для экономистов: учебное пособие. – М.: ТК Велби, Изд-во Проспект, 2016. – 352 с. Антонова, С.В. Английский язык для направления подготовки "Товароведение": Учебное пособие / С.В. Антонова. - СПб.: Лань, 2014. - 192 c. Купцова, А.К. Английский язык для менеджеров и логистов: Учебник и практикум для СПО / А.К. Купцова, Л.А. Козлова, Ю.П. Волынец. - Люберцы: Юрайт, 2016. - 348 c.
Дополнительная: Т.В. Барановская Грамматика английского языка Сборник упражнений. – М.: ЗАО «Славянский дом книги», 2014. – 384 с. К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич Практическая грамматика английского языка. БАЗИС, КАРО, 2015. Raymond Murphy English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, 2012
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