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Ways of Expressing the Future in English
There are several ways of expressing the future in English:
1) the Present Indefinite (not very important use); 2) the Present Continuous; 3) the going to form; 4) the Future Indefinite (shall/will + Infinitive); 5) the Future Continuous; 6) the Future Perfect.
Each is used in a slightly different way.
Compare: The train leaves at 6.15. (отправляется в значении 'отправится') They are leaving tomorrow. (уезжают в значении 'уедут') They are going to buy tickets in advance. (собираются купить, купят) They will buy tickets in advance. (купят) They will be flying to Italy at this time tomorrow. (будут лететь) They will have left by the time you come. (уедут)
We have already compared the use of the Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous for expressing the future (See Unit 6, § 1: 1.1). 3.1. The Future Indefinite (shall/will + Infinitive) – the going to form.
ENTRY TEST
Open the brackets. Use either the Present Continuous or Future Indefinite. 1) He (1) (to leave) tomorrow at 7.25. And in 2 hours he (2) (to be) in Sofia. He (3) (to spend) there a week. As soon as he comes back we (4) (to meet). 2) Last summer they were in Spain. They (5) (to plan) to go there again. – They (6) (to go) by plane or by train? – I think, by plane. 3) On Monday I (7) (to have) my last exam. As soon as I pass it I (8) (to go) to the country to see my grandparents. I haven't visited them since autumn. They (9) (to wait) for me now. 4) My aunt (10) (to come) to see us next Saturday. She (11) (to stay) with us for a fortnight. Then she (12) (to fly) to Brest to see her brother. 5) Next year she (13) (to be) 20. – How she (14) (to celebrate) it? – I think, she (15) (to go) on a tour. 6) What the children (16) (to do) now? – They (17) (to play) in the garden. And in an hour I (18) (to take) them to the Zoo. 7) When we (19) (to have) supper? – In half an hour. Mother (20) (to cook) it still. 8) She (21) (to phone) us soon and we (22) (to decide) where we (23) (to spend) our holidays. 9) Jack (24) (to come) tomorrow. I (25) (to ask) him for help but I expect he (26) (to refuse). 10) They (27) (to play) cards now. When they finish they (28) (to go) for a walk. 11) The weather (29) (to be) fine if it isn't windy tomorrow. 12) She asks me if I (30) (to join) them the day after tomorrow. 13) When you (31) (to send) them a telegram? – Next Sunday. 14) She always (32) (to find) fault with the boy. – Why she always (33) (to complain) to his parents about his bad behaviour? 15) I'm sorry, but she cannot talk to you now. She (34) (to have) a shower. 16) Why the girl (35) (to cry)? – She is afraid of the dog. 17) Before he leaves he (36) (to sign) all the documents. 18) What's up? Why you (37) (to sit) here alone? – I (38) (to wait) for Mother. I've left my key in the office. 19) As soon as I get a letter from them I (39) (to let) you know about it. 20) When he comes he (40) (to explain) to you why he has done it.
Translate using either the Present Continuous or Future Indefinite. 41) Почему ты сидишь здесь в темноте? – Дети спят. 42) Мы уезжаем завтра. Мы планируем провести неделю у наших друзей в деревне. 43) Через год ей будет 20. Она выйдет замуж за Ника, и они будут очень счастливы. 44) Что вы собираетесь делать завтра вечером? – Ничего особенного. Я буду очень рад, если вы придете повидать нас. 45) Если завтра будет хорошая погода, я поведу детей в парк. Я уверена, им понравится. 46) Ты занята? – Да, я перевожу статью. – Ты переводишь ее для Ника? Ты всегда переводишь для него. Когда же он сам будет делать переводы? 47) Ты плачешь? – Нет, я не плачу. Я смеюсь. Когда ты прочтешь эту книгу, ты тоже будешь смеяться. 48) Ты будешь присутствовать на собрании завтра? – Конечно. Директор очень рассердится, если я не приду. 49) Завтра у нас собрание. У нас всегда собрания по понедельникам. Ты придешь? – Да. 50) Прежде чем я уеду, я позвоню тебе. Total: 50/______
The Future Indefinite (shall/will + Infinitive) – the going to form.
The going to form expresses the subject’s intention to perform a certain future action. This intention is always premeditated and there is usually also the idea that some preparation for the action has already been made. Actions expressed by the going to form are usually considered very likely to be performed, though there is not the same idea of definite future arrangement that we get from the Present Continuous. Compare: I am going to meet Ann at the theatre at 6.30 (intention to perform the action). I am meeting Ann at the theatre at 6.30 (definite future arrangement). Compare: He is going to buy a new car (he has already made this decision and he will do it soon). He ’ll buy a new car (this is the speaker’s opinion, it gives no idea when it will be done).
E X E R C I S E S
3.1.1. Underline will and (be) going to in these sentences: 1) I'll finish them. 2) There are going to be some big changes. 3) I'm going to do a course in business studies. 4) I'll put you through. 5) I'll be there on time. 6) We're going to stay at home this year. 7) We're going to send Ronald. He's an expert on the area. 8) I'm going to be a bit late.
3.1.2. Now use the sentences from the previous exercise to complete these conversations. Reproduce them. 1) – Steel Engineering. Can I help you? – Yes, I'd like to speak to Ms Johanssen? – One moment, please,....... 2) – Don't forget Thursday's project meeting. – lt's at ten o'clock, isn't it? – Don't worry,....... 3) – Sales. Lisa Pavic speaking. – Hi, Lisa. This is Alexandra. I'm still at the head office. I'm afraid,......... 4) – So you're going back to college, Mario? – Yes,...…. 5) – I need those figures as soon as possible. – Don't worry,...... after I've done this report. 6) – Have you seen the consultants' report? – No, but I hear,...... at the head office. 7) – Have you come to any decision about the Dehli Fair? – Yes,....... 8) – Have you made any plans for the holidays? – Yes, we've made up our minds at last...... 3.1.3. Complete the gaps using will/(be) going to and the verb in brackets: 1) – What time's the meeting, Karen? – Half past nine. We'd better go or we...... late. (to be) 2) – I think we've run out of copying paper. – Don't worry. I..... you some when I go out. (to get) 3) – So you want to use the computer, Julia? – Yes, I..... the quality control report. I only did the first two pages yesterday. (to finish) 4) – Have you decided who's getting the sales job? – Not yet. We...... the decision at this afternoon's meeting. (to make) 5) – Are you ready to order yet, sir? – Yes, I think so. I...... the pate followed by the baked salmon. (to have) 6) – Can I borrow your calculator, Louise? – I've stopped lending it. I never get it back! – Don't worry. I...... it back to you as soon as I've finished. (to give) 7) – Who are we sending to the Berlin Conference this year? – I think Carol should go. – Good idea. I think she...... a great job. (to do) 8) – Have you got those sales figures, Bill? – Don't worry. I...... them to you this afternoon. (to fax)
3.1.4. Match the situations with what is "going to " happen:
3.1.5. Open the brackets. Use either will or (be) going to .
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