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The reading of 0 (nought, zero, nil, o, love)





The figure 0 is normally read nought [no:t] in Br.E., and zero [zi-erou] in Am.E. It is replaced, in general use, by the negative determiner no or the pronoun none:

There were no survivors from the air disaster.

None of the passengers or crew survived.

 

In measurements (e.g., of temperature), 0 is called zero:

It’s five degrees below zero.

It’s 0° F ( read: zero degrees Fahrenheit).

-8° C ( read: eight degrees below zero Centigrade).

When numbers are said figure by figure (e.g., in telephone numbers), 0 is often called [ ou ] (like the letter o):

My account number is 41326069 (read: four one three two six o six nine).

 

Nil [nil] or nothing is used in football or other team-games:

Brazil won 4 – 0 (read: four nil / (to) nothing).

Manchester three, Liverpool nil.

Love is used in tennis and similar games. (This expression is derived from the French l’oeuf, meaning ‘the egg’, presumably because zero is egg-shaped (0):

5 – 0, your service; (read: five – love).

The reading of dates

The year:

When reading or speaking the word hundred may be used but thousand is usually not:

He was born in 1957 (nineteen fifty-seven,or nineteen hundred and fifty-seven).

Years before the Christian era are followed by the letters B.C. (= b efore C hrist). Years after the Christian era may be followed by the letters A.D. (= A nno D omini [Lat.: in the year of our Lord]):

1500 B.C. = fifteen hundred B.C. (in this case it is also possible to say one thousand five hundred B.C)

The days and months:

Though the days and months may be written in different ways:

He was born on 5 May

May 5

5th May

5th of May

May 5th (mostly AmE),

when reading or speaking they use ordinal numerals, so they say:

He was born on May the fifth or the fifth of May

Telling the time

Times of the clock are read out in full as follows:

At 5 at five (o’clock)

At 5.15 at five fifteen, at a quarter past five, at a quarter after five (AmE)

At 5.30 at five thirty, at half past five

At 5.45 at five forty-five, at a quarter to six, at a quarter of six (AmE)

At 5.50 at five fifty, at ten (minutes) to six

At 6.10 at ten (minutes) past six, at ten minutes after six (AmE ); at six ten canbe used when one is referring e.g. to a timetable.

Fractions

Fractions are read out in full as follows:

Simple fractions are expressed by using ordinal numbers (third/s, fourth/s, fifth/s, etc.):

1 / 2 (a) half They stayed (for) a half hour / half an hour

1 / 4 a quarter They stayed (for) a quater of an hour

1 / 10 a/one tenth a tenth of the population

3 / 4 three quarter s three quater s of an hour

2 / 3 two-third s two third s of the population

1 1 / 2 one and a half one and a half hour s or an hour and a half

3 1 / 5 three and a/one fifth three and a fifth inche s

NOTE:

a) the expression one and a half takes a plural noun (e.g. one and a half kilometer s);

b) expressions like ¾ hour, 7 / 10 mile are said ‘ three quarters of an hour, seven tenths of a mile’.

 

More complex fractions are often expressed by using the word over: 317 / 509three hundred and seventeen over five hundred and nine.

 

Decimals are read out in full, with each figure separate.

NOTE: they use a full stop (called ‘ point ’), not a comma, before the fraction:

2.5two point five

3.14three point one four (three point fourteen)

0.78 – point seventy-eight (point seven eight) or nought point seventy-eight (US: zero point seventy-eight)

How to write numbers

 

In writing numerals may be spelled out or be represented by figures: Boing 567.

NOTE:

In writing, commas (but not full stops) are used to separate thousands: 100, 456; 1, 000, 000; 1, 908, 367, 849.

Numerals in figures or in letters?

Although there is no definite rule, there are some guidelines that should be followed.

Usually most writers spell out numbers under 100 (as one, two, the third, for seven years, forty-five years old) and use figures for 100 and over (286 buildings). But large numbers are spelled out: The house was sold for $1 million.

A number that starts a sentence should always be spelled out, even if it is over 100: Three thousand forty-four voters selected Teresa.

Whenever mentioning parts of a book (page numbers, sections, chapters, exercises), figures are used: The teacher assigned exercise 12 on page 235.

In special or technical texts cardinals and ordinals should always be indicated by figures.

 

 

Calculations

Addition

In small additions, they usually say and for +, and is or are for =:

Two and two is/are four.

Six and five is/are eleven.

What ’s the eight and six?

In larger additions (and in more formal style) they use plus for + and equals or is for =:

Seven hundred and twelve plus a hundred and forty-five is (equals) eight hundred and fifty-seven.

 

Subtraction

In conversational style, dealing with small numbers, people say:

Four from seven leaves/is three.

Seven take away four leaves/is three.

In a more formal style, or dealing with larger numbers, minus and equals are used:

Six hundred and nineteen minus four hundred and twenty-eight equals a hundred and ninety-one.

 

Multiplication

In small calculations, the most common approach is to say three fours, six sevens, etc, and to use are for =:

Three fours are twelve.

Six sevens are forty-two.

In larger calculations, there are several possibilities. One way is to say times for ×, and is or makes for =:

Seventeen times three hundred and eighty-one is/makes six thousand, four hundred and seventy-seven.

In a more formal style, they say multiplied by and equals:

17 multiplied by 381 equals 6, 477.

 

Division

The simplest way is to use divided by and equals:

Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine.

But in smaller calculations, people might say, for example:

Three into nine goes three (times).







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