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Continuous/ Present Perfect/Present Simple/Present Continuous tense-forms.





1. How long he (live) in Manchester? - All his life. He was born there.

2. Mr Woods (not/feel) well for over a month.

3. Look. Can you see Simon over there? - He (sit) in the corner. - Yes. He (wait) for Jack. He (sit) here since two

o'clock.

4. They (be) in London now. They (live) there for the last six months.

5. I (learn) Spanish since last year.

6. How many driving lessons you (have) lately?

7. They (repair) the road all this week, but they (not/finish) it yet.

8. Where you (be)! 1 (wait) for you for over an hour.

9. I (type) this report since yesterday and I'm only halfway through.

10. Your mum is still in the kitchen. She (cook) all the morning. - Yes. We (expect) guests tonight.

11. You are out of breath. You (run)!

12. It (rain) since yesterday evening. I wonder when it'll stop.

13. I (die) of thirst. Is there a water-fountain near here?

14. My daughter (study) English at London University. She (be) there for two years already.

15. Don't rush me. I (work) as fast as I can.

16. I (read) some of your poetry. It's not bad.

17. Sorry about the mess. I (paint) the house. I already (paint) the front.

18. You won't believe it, but I (wait) two months for my phone to be repaired.

19. Oh look, the sky (get) darker and darker. I think it's going to rain.

20. You look tired. - Yes, I (work) non-stop all day.

21 Since when he (learn) Chinese? - Since he got to uni­versity.

22. We (build) this garage ourselves and hope to finish it within the next two months.

23. We (not/finish) cleaning the machines yet. We need some more time to do it.

24. You look tired. I think you (work) hard lately and you (not/get) enough fresh air and exercise.

25. It's the most beautiful house I ever (see).

26. Oh, you (have) a shave! You look strange without a beard.

27. I (borrow) books from this library since we moved here.

28. It (rain) steadily for three days on end now.

29. I (not/see) you for ages. What you (do)!

30. She (be) on the phone for half an hour now. Who she (talk) to?

31. He (collect) stamps ever since he was a small boy.

32. He never (believe) in the importance of women's education.

33. I (study) hard of late. I've got exams next week.

34. It (get) harder and harder to find time.

35. Jimmy always (have) cold and chest problems.

36. You're very late. - I (talk) to Henry and he just goes on and on.

37. It is the first time he (clean) his own boots.

38. Why are my books all over the floor? - Helen (look) at them.

39. Older people (become) more isolated now.

40. I know that since January he (be) in charge of the marketing division.

41. Katia says she (be) very tired recently. She (work) almost sixty hours a week for the past month.

42. My daughter-in-law (try) to find a job since she graduated from university.

43. How long you (be) a hairdresser?

44. The police (investigate) the break-in at the college since last September.

45. She always (be) obsessed by her appearance.

46. They are so scruffy because they (camp) all week.

47. I'm fed up. I (wait) for the bus since three o'clock.

48. Carol already (make) ten phone calls and it's only nine o'clock.

49. She's obviously very unhappy. She (sit) alone in her bedroom for most of the day.

50. Paul and Jean (go out) together for about a year now. 51.1 can smell something nice. What you (cook)!

52. He always (argue) or (fight).

53. I'm afraid my nails are a bit dirty. I (work) in the garden.

54. I'm afraid I (break) one of your glasses.

55. You look exhausted. What you (do)!

56. Since I last stayed at this hotel, they (put) their prices up.

57. The police (arrest) the man who is suspected of com­mitting the murder.

58. Since I (broke) my leg I (depend) on my daughter to see to the shopping and housework.

59. He (apply) for jobs without success for months now.

60. The hall (hold) 300 people on some occasions, though you'd hardly believe it.

61. Sorry about the mess! The workmen (install) a new boiler in the bathroom all morning.

62. The success of the agricultural show (depend) very much on the weather in recent years.

63. Up to now the discount (apply) only to children under 10. From next month we (plan) to extend it to children under 16.

64. Food prices (rise) so rapidly in the past few months that some families have been forced to alter their eating

habits.

65. Although Max (cook) for many years, he still doesn't know how to prepare French foods in the traditional marfner.

All these sentences contain errors. Correct them.

1 When have you left school?

2. How long is she feeling unwell?

3. I've met such a nice person before never.

4. I'm waiting for you since four o'clock.

5. She never wrote a letter by hand since she had bought a computer.

6. I wonder where have you been all this time.

7. I am learning English during five years.

8. You never know how he has been going to react.

9. She has tripped over the cat and fell nearly over.

10. Look! I found a ten-pound note! - Where have you found it?

11. Margaret has been taking driving lessons now.

12. In recent years terrorism has been becoming a greater threat.

13. The rain has come suddenly and has soaked all the washing.

14. Ever since we have met, you have never asked me what I prefer to do.

15. How long do you live here?

16. I am interested in sports since my childhood.

17. What are you doing since you left Cambridge?

THE PAST PERFECT AND THE PAST

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-FORMS

A. The Past Perfect Tense

FORMATION

The Past Perfect Tense is formed with the auxiliary had and the Past Participle of the main verb.

Table 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I YOU   worked broken I you   worked broken   I you worked? broken?
he she it had he she it had not had he she it
we you they   we you they     we you they

Contractions

'd = had; hadn't = had not

USAGE

The Past Perfect tense denotes a past event (action or state) that happened before another past event. In other words, the Past Perfect Tense is used to denote an action in the distant past which is contrasted to another action which is less far away in the past. This priority of one past action can be indicated by an adverbial phrase with the preposition 'by' or by a clause with the conjunctions before, no sooner... than, hardly... when, scarcely... when. It may also become clear from the logical relations between the clauses or sen­tences in a context.

The letter had arrived by the end of the week.

By March the snow hadn’t melted yet.

Had they left before the trouble started?

They hadn't yet started eating by the time I arrived at the party.

Hardly had we put up a tent when it started to rain.

(or We had hardly put up a tent when it started to rain.)

No sooner had he arrived than he was told to start back again.

I could see from his face that he had received bad news.

I hadn't eaten all day so I was very hungry when I got home.

I couldn't get into the car. The boys had hidden the car keys.

Note that when there is a simple succession of past actions (without their being contrasted in time) the Past Simple tense is used for each event.

I got to the stadium at 7.15 and the game started at 7.30.

She thanked him for his hospitality. They shook hands and he wished her a pleasant journey.

The Past Perfect Tense is commonly used in Reported (Indirect) Speech after the reporting verbs such as say, tell, ask, explain, wonder, etc. in the Past Simple.

She wondered who had left the door open. She said she had bought a lovely pair of shoes.

When Direct Speech is transformed into Reported Speech the adverbials of 'absolute past' are replaced by 'relative' indications of time: 'yesterday' is replaced by 'the day before', or 'the previous day', 'ago' by 'before', 'last night' by 'the previous night'.

I asked if the Browns had left the day before. We knew David had left school two years before.

Notice that the Past Perfect in Reported Speech is the result of changing two tense-forms in Direct Speech: the Past Simple and the Present Perfect.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Ann said to me: «Graham has lost his new watch». 2. Ann said to me: «Boh went to a disco last Sunday». 1. Ann told me that Graham had lost his new watch. 2. Ann told me that Bob had gone to a disco the previous Sunday.






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