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Theme 1. Topic and Tasks of Physiology. Methods of physiological investigations.
Questions for speech and Test Control.
1. Physiology as the science which studies the objective regularities of the human body functions and its structures (systems, organs, tissues, cells) in their unity and the human body interaction with the external environment. 2. Physiology as the scientific foundation of medicine of the human body functions, the ways of preserving health and efficiency. The importance of physiology in training the medical personnel. 3. Methods of physiologic investigations: observing, experiments, modeling. 4. Standards of the human body structure and its functions. The interaction of the human body and the external environment. 5. The physiologic characteristic of the functions and their parameters. Correlation between the structure and the function. Age and sexual features of the functions. 6. Functions of cells, tissues, organs, physiologic systems of the human body. Homeostasis and homeokinesis.
Questions for Written Control. 1. Give determination of the physiology as a science. Name the main principles of the human physiology. 2. Name the methods of the physiologic investigations and descrile the advantages of the electric stimulation methods. 3. Formulate the irritability, excitability, excitation. 4. List and characterize the physiological properties of nervous and muscular tissue. 5. Determine the threshold of stimulation.
Theme 2. The Main Stages of Physiology Development (ISW) Questions for Speech and Test Control
1. Stages of physiology development. The role of W. Harvey’s, R. Dekart′s works. The formation and the development of physiology in the XIXth Century (K. Bernar, E. Dyubya-Reimon, W. Kennon, K. Lyudvig, Ch. Sherrington.) 2. The works of I. M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlov, N. Ye. Wedensku, A. A. Ychtomsky, I. A. Orbeli, P. K. Anochin, P.Y. Kostyuk. Their contribution into the development of the world physiology. 3. The Ukrainian physiologic school – V. Ya. Danilevsky, V. Yu Tchagovets, D. I. Vorontsov, F. N. Lerkov, P. Y. Kostyuk, V. I. Skok, M. F. Shuba, Y.V. Folbort, V.V. Frolkis.
Questions for Written Control 1. Tests for evaluation of the student’s initial knowledge level. Curriculum of the Practical Studies. 1. Acquaintance with the the department and its scientific equipment. 2. Acquaintance with the scientific trend of the department 3. Review and analyze the studying film on the neuromuscular preparation of the sciantic nerve of the muscles gastrocnemius of the frog. 4. Review and analyze the studying film about the influence of mechanical, chemical and electric irritation on the neuromuscular preparation.
Contents of submodule 2 Physiology of the excitable tissues. Specific Aims: 1. Explain mechanisms of the development of the rest and the action potentials in the nervous and in the muscular fibres and interpret their parameters. 2. Explain mechanisms of the electric current action on the excitable tissues and interpret the influence of the electric impulses with the different parameters on the membranous potentials of the nervous and the muscular fibres. 3. Make conclusions of the excitability the basis of the threshold of depolarization value. 4. Explain mechanisms and the natural phenomena of the nervous fibres, interpret the causes of the conductivity disturbance. 5. Explain mechanisms of the chemical transmission of the excitability through the neuromuscular synapse. 6. Interpret mechanisms of the block of the neuromuscular excitation conductivity. 7. Explain mechanisms of the excitation and contraction coopling in muscular fibres, mechanisms of contracting and relaxing. 8. Describe the dependency of the character of contracting of the irritability. 9. Name the factors witch influence the force of the muscles contraction.
Theme 3. Studying of electric effects in excitable tissues. Membran potentials (MP), action potentials (AP).
Questions for Speech and Test Control.
1. The excitable tissues, their characteristics. 2. Irritability, excitability as the main tissues reactions on irritating. The excitation. 3. The modern notions about the structure and functions of the cellular membranes. 4. The ionic canals of the membranes, their species and functions. The ionic pumps of the membranes, their functions. 5. The receptors of the membranes, their functions. 6. The membranous potential of rest (MPR or RP), the origin mechanisms, the registration methods, the RP parameters and the RP physiologic role. 7. The action potential (AP), the origin mechanisms, the registration methods, the AP phases, the AP parameters, the AP physiologic role. 8. Changes of the cell excitability during the development of the AP. Periods of the absolute and relative refractority, mechanisms of its origin, the physiologic importance. 9. The local response (LP). The critical level of depolarization. The threshold of depolarization as the measure of the excitability.
Questions for Written Answer. 1. Draw the MPR scheme of an excitable cell. 2. Draw the AP scheme of single-phase process, mark the AP phases, their duration. 3. Draw the scheme of the AP phases and the cell excitability phases correlations 4. Characterize the phases of the absolute and the relative refractority and the supernormal excitability. 5. Characterize the level of metabolic processes in an excitable cell during excitation. 6. Describe the potassium balance potential. 7. Describe the modern methods of the MPR registration.
Curriculum of the Practical Studies.
1. Review of the film about the experiments on registering the electric potential of the excited tissues. 2. Studying the influence of the AP of the frog skeletal muscle in the tetanus state on the nerve of the second neuromuscular frog preparation (the experiment of the second Time tetanus). 3. Studying the influence of the AP of the frog heart on the nerve of the neuromuscular preparation. Theme 4. Investigation of electric irritation methods of neural and muscular fibers. Questions for Speech and Test Control. 1.The direct current action on the excitable tissues. Using in the clinical practice. 2.The change of the membrane potential in the electric current action as the irritant. 3.Dependence of a stimulus threshold strenght on its duration. 4.Dependence of a stimulus threshold strenght on the stepness of its growth. 5.Dependence of a stimulus threshold strenght on the moment of opening or closing the electric circuit. Questions for Written Answer. 1. Write classification of the types of irritation. 2. List the advantages of the electric stimulation methods. 3. List main effects the direct current action on the excitable tissues. 4. Draw the curve and describe the mechanism of Hoorweg-Weiss-Lapicque law. 5. Describe the mechanism of accomodation phenomenon. 6. Draw the curve and describe the mechanism of MP change at the moment of opening or closing the electric circuit.
Curriculum of the Practical studies. 1. Review and discuss the film about the cell stimulation by electric current. Theme 5. Studying of excitement conduction through neural and muscular fibers   Что делает отдел по эксплуатации и сопровождению ИС? Отвечает за сохранность данных (расписания копирования, копирование и пр.)...  ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...  ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ, КОГДА МЫ ССОРИМСЯ Не понимая различий, существующих между мужчинами и женщинами, очень легко довести дело до ссоры...  ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ ВО ВЗРОСЛОЙ ЖИЗНИ? Если вы все еще «неправильно» связаны с матерью, вы избегаете отделения и независимого взрослого существования... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
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