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Elementary Schools, High Schools and Institutions of Higher Learning





There are eight years of elementary schooling. The elementary school is followed by four years of secondary school, or high school. Often the last two years of elementary and the first years of secondary school are combined into a junior high school.
The school year is nine months in length, beginning early in September and continuing until about the first of June, with a vacation of week or two at Christmas time and sometimes a shorter one in spring. There are slight variations from place to place. Students enter the first grade at the age of six and attendance is compulsory in most states until the age of sixteen or until the student has finished the eighth grade. The elementary schools tend to be small. The high schools are generally larger and accommodate pupils from four or five elementary schools. A small town generally has several elementary schools and one high school. In some rural communities the one-room country school house still exists. Here may be found from five to twenty-five pupils in grades one through eight, all taught by the same teacher.
Admission to the American high school is automatic on completion of the elementary school. During the four-year high school program the student studies four or five major subjects per year, and classes in each of these subjects meet for an hour a day, five days a week. In addition, the students usually has classes in physical education, music and art several times a week. If he fails a course, he repeats only that course and not the work of the entire year. Students must complete a certain number of courses in order to receive a diploma, or a certificate of graduation. Institutions of higher learning supported by public funds are not absolutely free. The state colleges and universities charge a fee for tuition or registration. This fee is higher for those who come from outside the state. Working one’s way through college is common-place. Usually there is no admission examination required by a state university for those who have finished high school within the state. Sometimes a certain pattern of high school studies is necessary, however, and some state universities require a certain scholastic average, or average of high school grades.
Private colleges and universities, especially the larger, well-known ones such as Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, have rigid scholastic requirements for entrance, including an examination.

It usually takes four years to meet the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Master of Art or Master of Science degree may be obtained in one or two additional years. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It may take any number of years to complete the original research work necessary to obtain this degree.

Find sentences that give the information about:

a) the school year;
b) a one-room country school house;
c) the subjects studied at high school;
d) fee for tuition;
e) academic degrees.
Questions:

1. When does the school year begin?
2. Are elementary schools big or small?
3. Do one-room country school houses still exist?
4. What does the curriculum in high school include?
5. Are there any admission exams required by universities?
6. Is higher education free of charge or fee-paying?
7. What academic degrees exist in the USA?

 

You can learn more:
http://otherreferats.allbest.ru/pedagogics/00211532_0.html

The life of youth in the USA

Young people in the United States have a wide variety of interests apart from their school. As children, both boys and girls play many of the same games. They swim, play basketball and baseball, and in recent years - soccer, go boating, and have fun in many kinds of sports and outdoor activities. Numerous youth organisations give young people a chance to develop and broaden their interests and to gain experience in working with others. Among these groups are the Boy Scouts, which count more than four million boys. This organisation is for training boys in various useful skills such as making a fire, and for developing their character. Scouts traditionally carry a penknife, and their motto is "Be Prepared." There are also Girl Scouts, with nearly three million girls, and the Boys' and Girls' Clubs of America with over one million participants. These and other groups are guided by adults who work in volunteer services. Civic, cultural and religious groups also sponsor special programs for young people. In farm areas boys and girls learn to work together in agriculture, home-making and other activities through more than 150 thousand clubs which have more than 4 million members. In these clubs they compete for prizes in raising farm animals and growing crops. Secondary schools offer students a wide variety of activities to develop talents and skills. There are clubs for photography, music, theater, stamp collecting, natural sciences and debating. Most schools have orchestras, band and singing groups as well as a variety of competitive sports for both boy and girls. Many young people hold part-time jobs after school hours. Thousands earn money delivering newspapers or helping care for infants and young children (babysitting) in private homes. Later when they go to college, many youths continue to work part-time at a variety of jobs to help parents or to have some money for personal expenses. For several weeks during the summer vacation, about 5 million school age children go to summer camps where they get plenty of recreational activity and learn various arts and crafts, and sometimes computer skills. Most schools and colleges have some form of student government with elections to choose class representatives. These elected officers speak for their fellow students at student council meetings with teachers and school officials. They also organize social activities and take part in such community projects as raising money for public welfare.
For more information: http://engmaster.ru/topic/3217

Main Cities

Washington D.C. is located on the north bank of the Potomac River. It is home of the federal government. Most important government institutions are situated in the District:

1. Capitol.

2. White House.

3. Supreme Court.

New York City or “The Big Apple” or “The city that never sleeps” or “Gotham” is the most populous U.S. city situated at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York State. Its population is more than 8 mln people. It is best known for the Statue of Liberty, Wall Street, Times Square, Central Park, The Empire State Building, the United Nations building and Brooklyn Bridge. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. It is also famous for its ethnic centers, e.g. Harlem (African-American), Little Italy, Chinatown, Brighton Beach and Lower East Side (Jewish), etc.

Los Angeles or “L.A.” or “The City of Angels” is the second largest U.S. city situated on the Pacific Coast in California. Its population is about 4 mln people. Its main landmarks are Hollywood sign, Hollywood Bowl, Beverly Hills, Little Tokyo, etc.

Chicago or “The Windy City” or “The City of Big Shoulders” is the

third largest U.S. city located in Illinois on the shore of Lake Michigan. Its population is about 3 mln people. It is the financial and industrial center of the Midwest. Willis Tower aka Sears Tower is a skyscraper office building. Its height is 527.3 m. It is the tallest freestanding structure in the U.S.A.

Major Sights

The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Island, New York City harbour). This statue is a woman holding the torch of liberty, and its official name is the “Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World”. It has become a symbol of freedom and was the first American sight seen by many people who went to the U.S. for a better life.

The Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.). This four-sided stone structure (obelisk) honors the “Father of our Country,” General, Founding Father, and the first president of the United States, George Washington.

The Jefferson Memorial (Washington, D.C.). It honors the author of the Declaration of Independence, first Secretary of State, and third President of the United States.

The Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.). It honors Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, and “the virtues of tolerance, honesty, and constancy in the human spirit.”

Independence Hall (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). At this building, colonial leaders met to plan the future of the new nation. The Declaration of Independence was adopted here on July 4, 1776.

Independence Hall was also the home of the Liberty Bell for over 200 years.

For more information: http://enchantedlearning.com/usa/cities/

Discussion Points

1.Where is the USA situated?
2.What seas and oceans is the country washed by?

3.Name the biggest rivers of America.

4.Name the mountains and the highest mountain of the USA.

5.Name the national symbols of the USA.

6.What are the biggest cities of the USA?

7.What are the branches of the political system of the USA?

8.How often is the president of the USA elected?

9.What are the biggest political parties in America?

10. What are the most famous sights and places to visit in America?

11.Desribe the population of the USA?

12.Can you see Native Americans in the country now?

13.What do you know about race discrimination in America?

14.What levels is the educational system in America divided into?

15.How do the young people spend their free time?


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