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Pierre Curie. A great Physicist





1. On April, 19, 1906, the scientists of all countries were shocked on the news of Pierre Curie having become the victim of a road accident. Since then the importance of Curie’s discoveries has grown to an immeasurable extent, his findings having been included in all physics text throughout the world. They are known to have the foundation for several branches of industry and, first and foremost, the atomic industry. This is why scientists and public opinion as a whole throughout the world honour the memory of this remarkable French scientist.
2. Pierre Curie, the son of a doctor of moderate means, was born on May, 15, 1859. His father, who took interest in natural sciences, exercised a great influence on the choice of his son’s future career. At the age of 18 the talented youth started work as a laboratory assistant at the Sorbonne University. In 1895 he was already a well-known scientist with a doctor’s degree. It was then that he married his colleague Marie Sclodowska, who became his scientific associate. Their joint work in the study of radioactivity which led to the discovery of radium is widely known all the world over. In 1904 they were both awarded the Nobel Prize which was at that time the highest scientific recognition.
3. Pierre Curie’s principal work was in the fields of electricity, magnetism and radioactivity, his first studies being on the physics of crystals and on piezoelectricity. At the time his remarkable discoveries in this branch of science were made, the very term “physics of crystals” was as yet unknown. Pierre Curie established a direct connection between the symmetry of crystals and their physical properties, which resulted in the discovery of the piezoelectric properties of crystals. This discovery opened a way to an extremely wide field of technique enabling scientists to transform mechanical forces into electrical ones and vice versa. Underwater and atmospheric sound emitters are now based on piezoelectrical transformers.
4. The joint work of Pierre Curie and his wife Marie Sclodowska in the field of radioactivity has now led to the discovery of methods for using atomic energy for peaceful purposes. This is the great service rendered by the two scientists to science and mankind as a whole.
5. At the beginning of the 20th century Pierre Curie realized what great reserves of energy were contained in radium. But he also realized that this power could be used by some not for the good of people but for their ruin.
  On being awarded the Nobel Prize, he said “Radium could prove extremely dangerous if it fell into criminal hands” and he called on scientists to use the discovery of radioactivity for peaceful purposes alone.

Прочтите пояснения к тексту.

throughout – повсюду, везде

first and foremost – прежде всего

moderate – умеренный, небольшой

means – средства, состояние

It was then that … – Именно тогда …

vice versa – наоборот

Sorbonne – Сорбонна (парижский университет)

underwater and atmospheric sound emitter – подводный и атмосферный звуковой излучатель

call on – призывать

I. Какое из данных утверждений выражает основную идею текста.

1. The joint work of Pierre and Marie Curie in the field of radioactivity.

2. Pierre Curie, a French scientist who greatly contributed to the development of science and several branches of industry.

3. The discovery of radioactivity and the development of atomic industry.

II. Соответствуют ли данные утверждения содержанию текста.

1. Pierre Curie is a great scientist and he is honoured all over the world.

2. The very choice of his future career was under the great influence of his father.

3. His first studies were in the field of radioactivity.

4. The joint work of the two scientists was of the greatest importance for mankind.

5. Pierre Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in the field of electricity and magnetism.

III. Есть ли в тексте ответы на поставленные вопросы? Если да, то укажите номер абзаца, в котором находится ответ.

1. Where was Pierre Curie born?

2. What was his father interested in?

3. Where did Curie start working as a laboratory assistant?

4. What was the subject of his doctorate research?

5. What led Pierre Curie to the discovery of the piezoelectric properties of crystals?

6. When was the term “physics of crystals” used?

7. What devices are now based on piezoelectrical transformers?

8. What has the joint work of Pierre and Marie Curie in the field of radioactivity led to?

9. What are advantages and disadvantages of using atomic energy?

10. What did Pierre Curie call scientists on?

IV. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.

1. What field of science did Pierre and Marie Curie work in?

2. What did Pierre Curie realize over a century ago?

3. When did he die and under what circumstances?

V.Переведите письменно 2 и 3 абзацы.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6

Вариант A

Для выполнения данной контрольной работы рекомендуется найти по словарю значения заданных слов и словосочетаний, постараться их запомнить, а затем перейти к выполнению контрольной работы.

to appreciate, to impact, to emerge, to consider, computation, trading, transaction, abacus, significant, collector, numerical, movable, mathematician, philosopher, analytical, theoretically, practical, to inform, to process, to operate, enormous, electronic, real, invention, evolution, to compile, to decipher, to develop, census, data.

Лексика

I. Выберите русское словосочетание, соответствующее данному английскому.

1. ticket collector a) сборщик билетов (проводник) b) билетный кассир
2. Pascal’s calculator a) счетчик Паскаля b) калькулятор Паскаля
3. census data a) данные переписи населения b) обработка переписи населения
4. data operations a) оперирование данными b) операционные данные
5. vacuum tube a) вакуумная лампа b) безвоздушная лампа

II. Из данных слов выберите то, которое закончит предложние.

6. To understand the influence of a computer on our life, it is necessary to understand its ….

7. The abacus allowed the early merchants to make ….

8. A German mathematician invented a machine that could not only add but ….

9. Charles Babbage created a machine that can perform ….

10. Hollerith used perforated cards to store ….

data, multiply, transactions, evolution, differential equations.

III. Из предложенных слов выберите то, которое наиболее близко передает значение подчеркнутого.

11. The abacus emerged about 5000 years ago.

a) left b) lived c) appeared

12. Modern computers do much more than simply compute.

a) make b) add c) divide

13. G.W. von Leibniz improved Pascal’s calculator.

a) made better b) solved c) allowed

14. A calculator could perform 4 arithmetic functions.

a)invent b) do c) make

15. The invention of a transistor in 1488 made today’s computer possible.

a)creation b) generation c) operation

IV. Подберите к началу предложения из колонки А окончание предложения в колонке В. Полученные предложения переведите.

16. Nothing changes modern life better a which could do sums up to eight figure long.
17. This device allows users b to make computations.
18. A French ticket collector invented a numerical wheel calculator c to compute the USA census data.
19. In 1889 Herman Hollerith’s calculating machine was used d to decipher German Codes in the World War II.
20. The real computer Colossus was used e than a computer.

Грамматика

Для успешного выполнения заданий по грамматике необходимо проработать формы и функции герундия, формы и функции причастия, независимый причастный оборот. Упражнения на словообразование включают суффиксы –able, -ly, -ance, -ic, -ion, -ing, -al, -or, -ation.







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