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Заняття 2.2 Дошкільна та середня освіта в Україні1. Read and learn topical vocabulary:
2. Read and translate the text: The right to education is guaranteed by the Constitution (Article 53). Every boy or girl must get general secondary education; it means that general secondary education is compulsory in our country. The Ukrainian educational system consists of such elements: Preschool education, General secondary education and Post-secondary education. Since the 1990-th active educational reform has occurred in Ukraine. Ukraine strives to join European educational space and is modernizing the educational system according to the European demands.
General secondary education includes primary and secondary education. It is received in the secondary comprehensive school of three levels: primary school, basic school and upper schoo l. Primary school ("younger" or elementary school) provides primary general education. Schooling at the primary schools begins from six and lasts 4 years, comprising forms 1–4. Pupils at the primary schools learn reading, writing, Arithmetic, native and foreign languages; get basic knowledge in Mathematics; learn about a native Land, mastering working skills. Basic school ("middle" school) provides basic general secondary education. It lasts 5 years, comprising forms 5–9. In the basic schools pupils get knowledge and skills in science and humanitarian subjects: History, Ukrainian and Foreign Literature, Ukrainian, English (French, German), Physics, Maths, Geography, Biology, Computer Study, Social Education, Visual Art, Music plus Physical Education (PE). Primary general education and basic general secondary education form the compulsory education in Ukraine. Forms 1-9 are called Incomplete Secondary Education. After successful completion (завершення) of the basic secondary education and passing the final examinations, school-leavers of the basic schools receive Certificates about basic general secondary education (an Attestat of Incomplete Secondary Education). Such certificates give the right: - to continue schooling at the upper secondary school; - to continue schooling and to receive some profession in the basic vocational institutions; - to enter the higher educational institutions of the I-st and 2-nd accreditation levels. Upper school ("high" school) provides complete general secondary education. It lasts 3 years. Forms 10–11 are called Complete Secondary education. At grade 12 students take Independent Government Tests (IGTs), which allow them to enter university without taking separate entrance exams. There are state schools where education is free of charge and private primary and secondary schools where pupils have to pay for their studies. Also new types of schools have appeared recently. They are gymnasiumsand lyceums which offer programmes giving a profound knowledge in some field of study. As each citizen of Ukraine has the right to get secondary education in the mother tongue, there are schools for national minorities in which pupils study their native language. In most of them all the school subjects are taught in that language. 3. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the right to education guaranteed by? 2. What education is compulsory? 3. What elements form the Ukrainian educational system? 4. What pre-school institutions are there in Ukraine? 5. Is pre -school education compulsory and free of charge? 6. When do most children begin their education? 7. At what age do children enter school? 8. What does General secondary education consist of? 9. Where can one receive General secondary education? 10. What are three levels of the secondary comprehensive school? 11. What subjects are obligatory in the secondary school? 12. What examinations did you take when leaving school? 13. What types of schools are there in Ukraine? 14. Is education free in all types of secondary school? 15. What is the task of secondary education? 16. What type of school have you completed? 17. What education have you got? 4. Translate the following terms into Ukrainian: the right to education; educational reform; to join European educational space; fee-paying education; free of charge education; educational system; Preschool education; General secondary education; Post-secondary education; primary and secondary education; secondary comprehensive school; elementary or primary school;basic or "middle" school; "high" school; to get knowledge; to pass the final examinations; to enter university; to study. 5. Find equivalents:
6. Make sentences matching words from A with words from B:
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Preschool education is not compulsory and it is fee-paying. Preschool is subdivided into nursery school and kindergarten. Children, aged 6 month to 3 years, enroll (зараховуються) in nursery school. Children, aged 3 to 6 years, enroll in kindergarten. In nurseries and kindergartens children play and learn the basics of reading, writing, arithmetic and, sometimes, foreign languages.