Ex.8. Fill in the missing prepositions and adverbs.

1. You can expand your portfolio … investing … a wide range … stocks and bonds.

2. Stockbrokers buy and sell stocks and bonds … their clients.

3. If the market is strong, expect a good return … your investment.

4. Mutual funds are managed … a group … fund managers who add all the investor’s money together to invest … a variety of things.

5. If inflation remains low, he will make a huge return … his investment.

6. An investment bank is a firm that controls the issue … new securities.

7. Speculation … derivative instruments such … futures, options and swaps has been criticized … its effects … the stock markets.

8. Portfolio is a selection … investments held … an individual or organization.

9. Securities issued … the British Government are called gilts or gilt-edged securities.

10. Unlike a stock, a bond is evidence not … ownership, but … a loan … a company or … a government.

(to (2), for, as, on (3), on behalf of, of (6), in (3), by (4))

Exercises in Comprehension

Ex.1. Answer the following questions:

1. What do we mean by “investments”?

2. What is the objective of investing?

3. What is portfolio?

4. What services do mutual funds provide?

5. What types of investment opportunities exist apart from the stocks and shares?

6. What does the term “gilt-edged security” signify?

7. What are derivatives?

8. What right do futures contracts give investors?

9. What kind of contract enables the holder to buy a security at a fixed price for a limited period?

10. What do swaps allow?

Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:

a) investments and their objective;

b) unit trusts/mutual funds;

c) gilts/treasury bonds;

d) derivative instruments

Grammar Revision

Ex.1. Choose the most suitable tense:

1. Why didn’t you phone me? If you phoned/had phoned me, I would have reserved/had reserved a room for you.

2. If you organized/had organized your conference last month, I was able/would have been able to take part in it.

3. If he lent/had lent me the money, I would pay/ would have paid him back last week.

4. If you had been there at that moment, what would you do/would you have done?

5. Why didn’t you say that you were short of money? If I knew/had known, I would lend/would have lent you some.

6. She was so impatient. If she had been/ were more patient, she would received/would have received everything she needed.

7. If I didn’t lose/ hadn’t lost my key, I wouldn’t have/ wouldn’t have had to wait outside in the rain.

8. If the traffic hadn’t been/ were not so heavy, we would arrive/ would have arrived on time.

9. If I weren’t/ hadn’t been promoted then, I would leave/ would have left the company.

10. If I hadn’t saved/ didn’t save enough money, I wouldn’t buy/wouldn’t have bought this house.

11. If he didn’t gamble/ hadn’t gambled so much, he wouldn’t lose /wouldn’t have lost all his money.

12. If I knew/ had known yesterday that you were coming, I would meet/ would have met you at the airport.

13. You wouldn’t get / wouldn’t have got into trouble last time if you followed/ had followed my advice.

14. He never would buy/ would have bought shares in that company if you didn’t recommend/hadn’t recommended him to do it.

Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. If I had sold my shares then, I (make) a lot of money.

2. If you hadn’t taken so many risks, you (lose) so much.

3. If I had bought that lottery ticket, I (win) one million.

4. It’s a pity you missed the conference. If you (come), you (meet) American scientists working in this branch of economy.

5. If the company hadn’t raised its funds, it (go) bankrupt.

6. If we hadn’t issued bonds, we (not raise) finance.

7. If I had known this great news, I (tell) you.

8. If I had sold my car a couple of years before, I (get) more money.

9. If I (not make) profit on my shares, I would have never bought this house.

10. If he had invested on the stock market, he (live) from the income.

11. If you contacted a stockbroker, he (give) you some very good advice.

12. If I were you, I (invest) on the stock exchange.

13. If he (work) alone, he would never have finished this work.

14. If he had known all the facts, he (help) us last Monday.

Ex.3. Finish these sentences using a mixed conditional.

1. If I had won the money, ….

2. If I had been better at English, ….

3. If I had only known about this earlier, ….

4. If he had consulted the stockbroker on time, ….

5. If he were an honest man, ….

6. If I knew her better, ….

7. If he had been more friendly, ….

8. If I had asked his permission, ….

9. If you had established a company of your own, ….

10. If she had arranged for free food to be made available to all employees, ….

11. If we had signed an agreement, ….

12. If the new investment plan had been completed, ….

13. If our market share were much bigger than our competitors’, ….

14. If the company employees were not given the opportunity to travel abroad, ….

Ex.4. Translate into English:

1. На вашому місці я б не хвилювався; вона знає які акції купувати.

2. Якби ви працювали сумлінніше, ви б давно завершили роботу над цим проектом.

3. Якби я знав про цей контракт, я б переклав його ще на минулому тижні.

4. Якби ви проглянули старі фінансові звіти, ви б знайшли цікавий матеріал для вашої доповіді.

5. Я б звільнив його, якби не знав, що він добре виконує свою роботу.

6. Якби я продав свої акції півроку тому, я б заробив багато грошей.

7. Якби я був на вашому місці, я б негайно купив гарантовані цінні папери.

8. Якщо компанія опинилася б у важкому фінансовому стані, ми б втратили все наше майно.

9. Якби я знав про вашу пропозицію раніше, я б не погодився на цю роботу.

10. Якби ви все зробили своєчасно, то цей вигідний для нашої фірми контракт був би вже підписаний.

11. Якби смаки споживачів не змінювалися, торгівля б не розвивалася.

12. Якби на рекламу не витрачалося стільки грошей, то ми б відкрили нову технологічну лінію.

GRAMMAR PROGRESS TEST III (CONDITIONALS)

Ex.1. Choose the correct answers:

1. If you didn’t help/hadn’t helped me, I would have /would have had financial problems last month.

2. If you didn’t know /don’t know maths well, you will find/find accounting difficult.

3. If you need /will need some money, I give/will give it to you.

4. If we did/had done it two weeks earlier, we would receive/would have received big profit.

5. If I am /were you, I will /would apologize.

6. If I didn’t get/hadn’t got promoted, my salary wouldn’t go up/wouldn’t have gone up.

7. If he had been /were well paid, he won’t worry/wouldn’t worry about his future.

8. If you won’t finish/don’t finish this work on time, you have to/ will have to report to the manager.

9. If you accepted/had accepted these conditions then, you wouldn’t make/wouldn’t have made any money at all.

10. If I had known/knew her address, I would give/will give it to you.

11. If she were/had been at the meeting, he would see/would have seen her.

12. If he will refuse/refuses to sign the contract, we try/will try to take urgent measures.

13. I tell /will tell you the whole truth if you will promise/promise to keep it a secret.

14. If I had gone/go to Spain next summer, I will change/will have changed some money into traveller’s cheques.

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