Ex.1. Insert Participle I of the verbs in brackets.

1. We spent about an hour (take) our papers to the office.

2. Generally (speak), this problem is rather difficult.

3. (Work) a year in Germany he returned to Ukraine.

4. He sat in his arm-chair (smoke) a cigarette.

5. Our new manager is a young man (wear) glasses.

6. The Japanese businessman bowed low and (take) my hand kissed it.

7. (Say) this, he left the room.

8. (Be) busy, he postponed his trip to Italy.

9. I stood (watch) the people who were entering the office.

10. He went to work, (leave) the letter on the dressing-table.

11. The conference (take) place at the university is devoted to the problems of green tourism.

12. While (wait) for you I have translated this article.

Ex.2. Insert Participle II of the verbs in brackets.

1. She entered the room (accompany) by her superiors.

2. My boss looked (worry).

3. The letter will lose its importance if (not deliver) immediately.

4. (Press) for time, he couldn’t even phone his wife.

5. She will certainly help if (ask).

6. When (invite) he always takes part in our discussions.

7. The problems (discuss) were of great importance.

8. Those (interview) will start training next week.

9. The (lose) document was found.

10. The secretary didn’t even look at me as though too (occupy) with what she was writing.

11. I am going to have my car (repair) next week.

12. In Turkey your coat should be (button) when you are with superiors.

13. Don’t expect (write) contracts in most Moslem countries.

Ex.3. Insert Participle I or Participle II of the verbs in brackets.

1. When (pay) by cheque, you must show a bank card.

2. (Know) that he was in trouble, I offered to help him.

3. (Find) nobody in the office, I left.

4. (Write) in very bad handwriting, the message was difficult to read.

5. Time (permit), we shall stay for a few days in London.

6. The solution (adopt) was welcomed by our manager.

7. All things (consider), there is little hope of his arrival.

8. I was driving a car (lend) me by my close friend.

9. The necessary sum of money (save up), I could buy a new computer.

10. We found her (work) in the office.

11. I heard them (argue) again.

12. (Hope) to find the lost letter, he searched everywhere.

13. (Think) he had made a mistake somewhere, the accountant went through his calculations again.

14. When (ask) to help them she refused without hesitating.

Speech and Discussion

Ex.1. Discuss with your groupmates what social etiquette is important for business travellers to Ukraine.

Ex.2. How much do you know about different cultures around the world?

Ex.3. Think about what information or advice you could give to visitors to your country.

Ex.4. Do people tip in Ukraine? Do you think we should tip? Why? Why not?

Ex.5. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms, consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them.

1. In any profession, you have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.

2. Politicians take pot shots at each other during election campaigns.

3. I talked myself blue in the face trying to persuade her to save money for retirement.

4. She really sank her teeth into the problem and solved it.

5. We have a difficult problem and I must put on my thinking cap and find a solution.

Ex.6. Comment on the following:

“Patience pays dividends”. (Anonymous)

TEST 7 (UNIT VII)

Choose the word or word combination to match the definition.

1. Trade between buyers in one country and sellers in other countries.

2. An amount that is taken off the normal selling price of a product.

3. A group of countries that agree to trade with each other on favourable terms.

4. An amount that must be paid when particular goods are imported into a country, or something when they are exported.

5. A limit on the amount of a particular good that may be imported into a country during a given period of time.

6. A set of restrictions imposed by a government on buying and selling foreign currencies.

7. Trade between countries with few government restrictions.

8. The level of material comfort and wealth that a person or community has.

9. A situation where a country exports more goods than it imports.

10. Goods, as opposed to services, that are sold to other countries.

11. The transport of goods by sea or air.

12. An item, a service, an idea that is brought into one country from another.

13. An international organization that promotes trade in goods and services between nations.

14. The process of trying to reach an agreement through discussion.

15. An agreement, usually written and signed by those making it.

16. Something done in a society because of tradition.

17. The central bank, controlled by the United Nations, that lends money to member states.

18. The amount by which the value of a country's imports is greater than the value of its exports.

19. An arrangement between countries to follow certain rules on pricing, import duties, etc. when buying from and selling to each other.

20. A small amount of money (in addition to the normal charge) to a waiter, taxi-driver, etc. to thank him/her.

Unit VIII Business Communication

Lesson 1

Text: Computers

Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Terms to remember:

Computers

Computer use continues to grow and develop in all spheres of our life. Its applications have had a great impact on the business world. Computers have helped society by increasing productivity and simplifying many services, such as checking accounts, credit cards, and telephone service.

A computer is an electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data with great speed and accuracy.

A PC is a personal computer which is the standard computer for most individual users. There are various sizes of personal computer, including a desktop, and portable types such as a laptop, a notebook or a palmtop.

Hardware is the actual machinery of a computer, the circuits, wires, and drives.

Software contains the instructions that tell a computer what to do at every step along the way. Software is entered into a computer in the form of a program. Some programs (called viruses) are deliberately designed to cause problems in a computer system. They are hidden in programs, and are not obvious to users.

A virus is an error that is introduced into a program with the intention of causing a malfunction. A computer may crash and stop working altogether. This may be caused by a bug (an error in the software).

A hacker is a person who gains unauthorized access to computer systems.

Exercises in Word Study

Ex.1. Form verbs from the following nouns:

growth, application, simplicity, storage, user, intention, retrieval.

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