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A Short Course in Human RelationsСтр 1 из 11Следующая ⇒ Е.А. Жежера
Английский язык Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов 1 курса Челябинск
CONTENTS
Unit I. THE ART OF LIVING Lesson 1. BREAKING THE ICE
To make the world a friendly place,
Lead-in 1. Read the following words of wisdom. What do they mean? · The world is a looking glass and gives back to each person a reflection of his attitude. A Short Course in Human Relations The Six Most Important Words: "I admit I made a mistake" The Five Most Important Words: "You did a good job” The Four Most Important Words: "What is your opinion?" The Three Most Important Words: "If you please" The Two Most Important Words: "Thank you" The One Most Important Word: "We" The Least Important Word: "I" 2. Study the following quotations about politeness. Which one comes closer to your beliefs?
SOCIAL ENGLISH 3. “Breaking the ice” is an idiom that means getting to know someone. An atmosphere that was cold becomes warm. Now we will break the ice by introducing ourselves. Activity 1. Introducing yourself A. When you meet someone for the first time, it is customary to introduce yourself. Some expressions used: My name is... / My name’s... I’m... (first name, last name) Hi / Hello How do you do? v It is not common to use titles (Mr, Mrs, Dr, etc.) when referring to yourself. However, it is polite to use titles with others in formal situations, unless they give you permission to do otherwise. Examples: I’m Mr Robert Smith. (Title is not necessary here.) I’m Robert Smith. (Better) I’m Dr Sampson. (Okay, if you want to keep the relationship formal) (After an introduction) Nice to meet you, Mr Smith. — Oh, please call me Bob.
v Do not use titles with first names, and do not use last names alone without titles. Examples: Hello, Mr Bob (Wrong!) Hi, Bob (Okay) Good morning, Smith (Wrong!) Good morning, Mrs Smith (Correct) B. Go over this dialogue:
C. Now form a double circle, and introduce yourself to the person facing you. The outside circle will move to the right, while the inner circle stays in place. Shake hands and smile when introducing yourself. Reading 5. Read the text and do the tasks below. Hello. My name is Paul Simon. I am British. I am from Bristol, which is situated on the river Avon, in the South–West of England. I’m a language student at Christ Church College in Oxford. Christ Church College is quite famous and I’m proud to be a student of it. I’m twenty. I’m not married yet, I’m single. My new friends are from various countries – Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Holland and Japan, too. We are very friendly but it isn’t quite easy to understand each other. You see, our accents are so different! Sabine is French. Her home town is Bordeaux. She is in her late teens. Sabine is very smart and her English is rather good. She is keen on classical music and art. Mr Lewis, our language teacher is from Manchester. He is intelligent, experienced and always ready to help. My favourite subjects are Literature and History. I’m also interested in Natural Sciences and I’m good at sports. My hobbies are table tennis and computer games. Am I happy here? Yes, sure. The only trouble is my parents are far away and I feel a bit lonely sometimes. 6. Are the following sentences true or false? If false, say why.
7. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. Ask the questions.
Vocabulary Practice 8. Express the following in one word.
1 having or showing good manners, consideration for others, and correct social behaviour 2 to tell someone’s name to a person or group of people, so that they meet formally 3 a form of words or an action used on meeting someone 4 knowing a lot about life, people, etc. 5 good at learning and understanding things quickly 6 ability to do something well 9. Match the words of similar meaning.
10. Match the words to their opposites.
11. Choose the corresponding English word.
12. Fill in the correct word from the list below. Some words may be used more than once.
Grammar Review Days and Dates
13. Dictate the ordinal numbers in any order to your partner. Check what they have written. 14. Practice saying these important dates in the Russian calendar. a) 07/01 23/02 b) 08/03 c) 01/05 d) 12/06 e) 22/08 f) 04/10
15. Put in the correct preposition at / on / in or —.
16. Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition of time.
17. Work with your partner. Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions.
18. Complete the following tag questions. Example: You learn English, don’t you? Your sister doesn’t go to university, does she? You are 20 years old, aren’t you? She isn’t a journalist, is she?
CONVERSATION 19. Work with a partner. Complete the tag questions; act out the following dialogue. Applying for a job
20. Work with your partner. Imagine you are going to get a new job and you are being interviewed by a Personnel Department officer. Complete the conversation.
21. Work in pairs or small groups. Practice asking and answering the following questions. 1. What is your full name? 2. How old are you? 3. When were you born? 4. How would you describe where you come from (your origins, ancestry or background)? 5. Where do you live now? 6. What is your address? 7. What is your telephone number? 8. When did you finish school? 9. What subjects were you especially good at? 10. Were you good at English? 11. What sort of person are you? 12. What do you do now? 13. What university did you apply to? 14. What are you going to be upon graduation? 15. Are you sure you have made the right choice? 16. What are you interested in? 17. What are your leisure time activities? 18. What do you like/dislike doing? 19. Have you got many friends? 20. What do they do? SPEAKING PRACTICE 22. Make notes about yourself under the headings, then talk about yourself. · name · age / date of birth · where I live / place of origin · occupation · family (marital status) 23. Work in pairs following the instruction: Write down in note form some details of a famous person’s life; date and place of birth; what sort of family he/she was born into; education; career; first job; what he /she was famous for, etc. Bring your notes to the lesson. Student A. Ask student В questions to find out as much as you can about the famous person and try to guess his/her name. v Definite Questions (expecting factual reply) — When/where (was he born)? — Which (college did he attend)? — How long (did he spend in...)? — Did he ever (travel to... / produce something by writing, such as a book, a poem, or a song / appear in... / perform in a play or film / act in... / play the part of...)?
v Tentative Questions (expecting speculative reply) — Do you happen to know... when/where he was born? — You don’t know (You don’t happen to know) when/if..., do you? — I don’t suppose you know (Have you got any idea) when/where (he was born)? — He was born in..., wasn’t he? — I always thought (I had an idea) he was born in..., wasn’t he?
Student B. Answer Student A’s questions supplying the necessary information from the notes prepared at home. Lesson 2. Daily LIFE
By doing nothing we learn to do ill. English saying Lead-in 1. Study the following quotations about work and discuss which ones you most, or least, agree with.
2. Read the text and answer the questions below. PLANNING ONE’S DAILY ROUND Have you ever thought that 24 hours isn’t enough to do all you have to do? All of us have so many duties and obligations! In addition to the daily routine at offices, schools, hospitals, etc., we have always got some housework to do and shopping, we have to cook the meals and keep the house clean. It is really surprising how much work some people manage to do! But it often happens that we don’t have enough time to do everything and put it off till “some other time”. What do you think is the reason? Why do some people manage and not others? A lot depends on how you plan your daily round. If you plan your day carefully, you’ll be able to do more and it takes you less time. Planning the day is especially necessary for people who want to make time for important things. Many outstanding people say that a daily timetable has helped them greatly to achieve what they have. 1. Do you agree that 24 hours isn’t enough to do all we have to do? 2. Do you often put off things till some other time? Why? 3. Do you find it necessary to plan your daily round? Give your reasons. 4. Some people say that a strict timetable makes life dull and uninteresting. What do you think? Reading 3. Read the text below. Use your dictionary to help. PAUL BROWN'S DAILY ROUTINE Friday morning. The alarm clock goes off at 7. Paul usually gets up easily but not this time. It’s not simple to wake up so early if you go to bed at 3 in the morning. He can hardly open his eyes. Half an hour passes before Paul finally makes himself get up. He is still sleepy. He slowly gets dressed and looks out of the window. It’s drizzling and the sidewalk is wet. There’s nobody in sight. The campus looks deserted. But Paul goes jogging every morning, whatever the weather. He sighs, puts on his sneakers and goes out. Twenty minutes later he comes back and takes a long shower. As usual jogging and a cold shower do him good. He is wide awake now. Paul looks at the clock. It’s 8.15. Time for breakfast. He goes to the kitchen to make coffee. A cup of coffee is always reviving, especially after the party like yesterday’s. He smiles at the thought of that delicious birthday cake. But the smile vanishes the moment he remembers his schedule for today. He’s got three classes on Friday. 9.00–10.30 – German Class 11.00–12.30 – Political System of Germany 14.00–15.30 – German Literature Anything else? An appointment with his tutor at 4 o’clock. He completely forgot! And there’s an essay to finish! When in the world can he do that? He suddenly remembers: lunch time (12.30—14.00). Well, he can’t afford a regular lunch today, just a quick snack. It gives him at least an extra hour more to finish his essay and get ready for the discussion. His tutor is always very critical of his students’ homework. You must know your subject well enough to answer his tricky questions. 8.50. Paul rushes out of the house. It doesn’t take him long to get to the college. So at 8.55 he is at the university. All the students in his class are already there. They’re very glad to see Paul. And so is he. At 9 o’clock Mr Lewis comes in and the class starts. Mr Lewis’s classes are Paul’s favourite ones. Time flies quickly. He enjoys the class so much that the end of the class at 10.30 always comes as a surprise. 10.30–11.00. Coffee break. Paul and the other students go to a coffee bar to have a chat over a cup of coffee. 11.00. Back to another class. It’s rather difficult for Paul to concentrate on the subject, all the more so he doesn’t like it too much. It isn’t as interesting as Mr Lewis’s German Class. Honestly Paul finds it boring. 12.30. Lunch time. Everybody hurries to the dining hall. But Paul doesn’t. At lunchtime he is at his desk in his room. So much work to do and so little time! Paul opens his essay book and starts writing. When he looks at the clock, it’s ten minutes past 2. He is late for the class but he feels great. His essay is ready! The thought is very comforting. Friday’s last class is German Literature, another of Paul’s favourites. It’s always very interesting and instructive. After the class Paul has got half an hour to look through the essay and his notes. He is no longer afraid of the coming meeting. He feels sure of himself. The session goes well. The students discuss their essays. The tutor makes some critical remarks but on the whole he’s quite pleased with their work. Finally he sets work for them to do and they part till next time. On his way home Paul drops in at the student pub. He takes a glass of beer and sits down at the table next to his friends. He looks around. The pub is crowded, as usual at this time. Everybody is laughing and talking. Loud music is playing. But nobody is dancing. It’s too early for that. Paul suddenly feels very tired. He says good-bye to his friends and leaves the pub. The thing is that there is a concert of a Spanish guitar player at the club at 8. Paul doesn’t want to miss it but he needs some rest. The concert finishes at 11.30. When Paul comes back home, it’s nearly midnight. At long last the hard day is over! He takes off his clothes and goes to bed straightaway. 5 minutes later he is fast asleep.
4. Are the following statements true or false? If false, say why. 1. On Friday mornings Paul never gets up before 8.15. 2. Paul always goes to bed until midnight. 3. Paul doesn’t care about the weather when he goes jogging. 4. He almost never has a regular lunch in the afternoon. Instead, he has a quick snack.
6. Paul doesn’t like all the subjects he’s studying but only some of them. 7. Paul is self-confident because he’s always ready for his classes. 8. He feels comfortable at the thought that his essay is ready. 9. The tutor is displeased with Paul’s work and he tells him to come next time. 10. There’s a student pub not far from Paul’s hall. 11. After classes Paul doesn’t drop in the pub because he is too tired. 12. In the evening he goes to the pub to see a concert of a Spanish guitar player.
5. Render the text in Russian. . WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO PREVENT TIREDNESS? (Some important rules suggested by psychologists) 1. Rest before you get tired (not after). 2. Learn to relax. If you are having hard times find a quiet half-hour all for yourself to gain strength. 3. Don’t forget about four good working habits: · clean your desk of all papers except those you need at hand; · do things in order of their importance; · when you face a problem, first analyse the facts, then make a decision; · learn to organize things. 4. Put enthusiasm into your work; it’s the only way to enjoy what you are doing. 5. Remember: no one was ever killed by doing well-organized work. 6. Don’t be a mental loafer. Don’t be afraid to concentrate on some ideas, to think hard and to exercise your will and memory. VOCABULARY PRACTICE 6. Express the following in one word.
1 mental power by which a person can direct his thoughts and actions 2 sure that you can do things successfully, and not afraid or nervous in social situations 3 (an example of) person’s usual behaviour 4 programme or timetable for work 5 person who is idle 7. Match the words of similar meaning.
8. Match the words to their opposites.
9. Choose the corresponding English word.
10. Match the words to make phrases.
11. Fill in the correct word from the list below. Some words may be used more than once.
SOCIAL ENGLISH Time Expressions A.
12. Look at the clock. Write the times. Practice saying them.
Example: It's _____________________. Answer: It’s half past eight.
v What is the difference between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.? Look at the chart and check your answer.
note: 00.00 = midnight 12.00 = midday (noon) in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening / in the daytime BUT: at night / at midnight / at noon 13. Match the times that are the same.
Example: 03.00 — 3 a.m. — three o’clock in the morning
B. Early or late?
C. Word combinations with ‘time’
GRAMMAR REVIEW Present Simple
14. Give the proper forms of the verbs in brackets; translate the text. Jane (be) always busy with her job. She (get) to the office before 8.30. She (take off) her coat, (put on) her reading glasses and (sit down) at her desk. Then she (read) her mail and (fill out) the daily reports. If she (have) enough time, she (have) a cup of coffee. At 9 o’clock the other workers (arrive). Some of them (be) too tired to smile. Sometimes Jane (be) too busy to talk, but she (say) hello to everyone. At 9.30 she (go) into the boss’s office. She (give) him the daily reports. They always (talk) about them for a few minutes. She (tell) the boss her plans for the day. Then she (go back) to her office and (make) phone calls. The company (do) business in England and Japan, so sometimes she (have) to call these countries. At the end of the day she (pick up) the children at school. They (be) always happy to see her and she (be) always energetic enough to play with them at home. Jane (be) important to the people at the office and to the people at home, and she (do) a good job both places. Adverbs of frequency
A: How often do you arrive at work on time? B: I usually arrive at work on time. 15. Work with a partner. Use the adverbs of frequency to talk about your daily routine. 16. What do these English sayings mean to you? Are they similar to any in your own language? Which ones do you like best? Why? How many sayings about time can you think of in your own language? 1. Time and tide wait for no man.
17. Read the following text and express in your own words the main idea of the text.
It is Never Too Late to Be Punctual People who are unpunctual fall into three categories. The first, and saddest comprises the hopelessly incompetent and inefficient who worry about being on time and never are. The second lot are, strange as it may seem, impatient people who cannot bear to be kept waiting, and who make sure they don’t arrive before the appointed time, thus guaranteeing that others must wait for them. If they are outmaneuvered and compelled to wait for someone, they are the first to express disapproval of the bad manners of the latecomers. Finally, there are the egoists determined to impose their own personality on others and to impress their sense of importance on them. An easy way to do this is to keep everyone waiting until the star makes an appearance. 18. Give personal information.
19. Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss the questions about your daily routine. 1. When do you usually get up on weekdays? 2. What’s the first thing you do in the morning? 3. When do you have breakfast? 4. What kind of breakfast do you usually have? 5. Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast? 6. How do you get to university? 7. How long does itusually take you? 8. When do your classes start? 9. When do you have your lunch break? 10. How long does it last? 11. Where do you have lunch? 12. When is your working day over? 13. What do you like doing in the evenings? 14. When do you do your homework? 15. What time do you go to bed? 16. What do you like doing in your spare time? 17. What don’t you like doing at all? 18. Do you go out on Friday evenings? Where do you usually go out? 19. Do you like staying at home? What do you do then? 20. What do you do at weekends? SPEAKING PRACTICE Language development
23. Work with your partner. Read the following dialogues paying special attention to the ways of making suggestions and refusing them. Learn the dialogues by heart and act them out.
Making plans A.
B.
Here are other ways of making suggestions (informal): What about... (doing smth) Why don’t we... (do smth) We could always... I’ve got a great/marvellous idea; we could... Listen, let’s... Refusing suggestions It’s out of the question (to)... It’d be a complete waste to... Of course, we couldn’t... What a ridiculous idea... Weekend/ Leisure Activities 30. Tell your partner or groupmates what you are going to do this weekend. Pattern: I am going to...
Example: I’m going to play football with my buddies. I’m gonna eat dinner at a fancy restaurant. 31. Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss the following questions. Sum up your partner’s answers. 1. How long does your weekend last? You always look forward to it, don’t you? Where do you and your family normally spend the weekends? Do you spend your weekends quietly at home or do you prefer to go away for the weekend? Do you think people who stay at home at the weekend manage to relax? 2. How often do you go out? Do you go out on weekdays as often as at the weekend? What is your idea of going out? Why do you prefer to go to parties (to the movies, etc.)? 3. Do you manage to relax at the weekend? Your weekends are very busy sometimes, aren’t they? Do you try to help your family with the housework at the weekend? What odd jobs do you do about the house? Do you manage to catch up with all the jobs you were too busy to do during the week? Do you at least try? 4. Who does the shopping in your family? How often do you go shopping? What is the busiest time for shopping? Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend? Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping? 5. Imagine that you’ve got a lot of money. What sort of thing would you like to buy or where would you like to go? Reading 4. Read the text and answer the questions below. VOCABULARY PRACTICE 5. Express the following in one word.
1 delay action 2 use without a good purpose 3 fixed date for finishing (doing) something 4 reason given (true or invented) to explain or defend one’s conduct 5 lack of success 6. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
1 There’s always the temptation to … the most difficult task till last. 2 He … until it was too late. 3 He’s always making … for being late. 4 Try to … danger. 5 The thought of … years behind him made Mark sick with bitterness. 6 He had all the attributes of a great leader: charisma, energy,... and resourcefulness. 7 All great leaders share certain characteristics which must be seen as the key to their....
7. Complete the following text with the words in the box.
How to Succeed Let me make a suggestion to help you (1) ____ with difficult situations. If, for example, you are taking part in a sports competition, meeting someone important, or giving a performance in front of a large audience, you will probably be quite (2) ____, and worry that you will not be as (3) ____ as you would like to be. What you need to do is to (4) ____ yourself thoroughly by running through the whole activity over and over again in your mind, (5) ____ going through every detail. For example, a (6) ____ pianist, imprisoned for seven years for political reasons, could still play magnificently on his release. When asked how he (7) ____ to play so well, his explanation was that he had practiced every day in his mind.
Language Development 8. Work with a partner. What advice would you give sb who wants to fight a habit of putting off difficult tasks? Give advice using should or shouldn’t. You should / shouldn’t … (+ inf)
9. Work in pairs or small groups. How do you remember all the things you have to do each day / week / month? 10. Now read the article and find out how many of your ideas are mentioned. Do you agree with the other ideas? TIME-SAVING TIPS Making lists is relaxing. It makes you feel important – all those things to do. It calms you down (it’s OK, it’s on a list somewhere) and it makes you feel good when you cross something off. The world divides into two types of list-makers. Type A makes orderly lists, prioritises and calmly sets to work on them. Type В waits until panic sets in, grabs the nearest envelope and scribbles all over it, sighs with relief and promptly loses it. The more you have to do, the more you need a list, and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them. Julie Rost, chief executive of a large chain of supermarkets, says, “Before I go to bed, I have to write down everything that’s going to stop me sleeping. If I write something down, I feel I won’t forget it, so my lists are a great comfort.” Jane Levy used to write Lists, but she would forget where she put them and then waste precious time looking for them. Then a couple of years ago she came up with a new system. Now she writes key words on the back of her hand! “At least I can’t lose it,’ she says. True, but too many trips to the bathroom could have disastrous results. Des O’Brien, a self-employed business consultant, uses another method for organising his time. He writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories: things that have to be done straight away; other things that it would be good to do today; things that are important but don’t have to be done immediately; and things that he can put off but that he doesn’t want to forget. “Using categories to order the world is the way the human mind works,” he says. It’s all a question of what works best for you, whether it’s a tidy notebook, a forest of Post-it® notes or the back of your hand. Having tried all these, Kerry Johns, student, relies on her personal organiser. “My personal organiser has changed my life,” she says. “Up to now, I’ve always relied on my good memory, but now that I’m working and studying, I find I’ve got too much to keep in my head.” So what are you waiting for? There’s no better time than the present to take control of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and paper and make a list. Sue Kay & Vaughan Jones, New Inside Out, Macmillan Conversation 11. Work with a partner. Act out the following dialogue.
What is your major?
12. Comment on the following: · Youth is a period of missed opportunities. (C. Connolly) · If opportunity doesn’t knock, build a door. (Milton Berde) · You will never write a good book until you have written some bad ones. (Bernard Shaw) · Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. (Thomas Alva Edison)
Vocabulary Practice 6. Match the words and collocations of similar meaning.
7. Match the words to their opposites.
8. Choose the corresponding English word.
Grammar review w Would like (to do) or like (doing)
9. Work with a partner. Choose the correct form. 1. A: Would you like to go for a swim? Do you like swimming? B: What a good idea! It’s so hot today! 2. A: What do you like doing at the weekend? What would you like to do this weekend? B: I like to put my feet up and relax. Sometimes I play football. 3. A: Do you like watching TV? Would you like to watch TV? B: Yes, especially films and game shows. 10. Match a question in column A with an answer in column B.
Language Development 13. Give reasons why your friend enjoys doing something. Example: I enjoy reading detective stories when I’m tired because it helps me to have a good rest. — to read before going to bed; — to go to the country for the week-end; — to visit my schoolmates on holidays; — to take a walk in the evening; — to go to the river on a hot day; — to stay at home and read a book on a rainy morning. 14. Compare and contrast the two activities (e.g. watching TV and playing football, etc.). Then write a short paragraph using the ideas from the box as in the example:
Example: I like watching TV because it helps me relax. However, it doesn’t give me the opportunity to exercise. CONVERSATION 15. Work with a partner. Act out the following dialogues.
A. What kind of music do you like?
B. Going to the library
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one must show it a friendly face.
Hello. Are you a student here?
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
It's_________
early(before the start time).
half an hour early.
30 minutes early.
on time (= just before or at the start time).
late (after the start time).
three quarters of an hour late.
45 minutes late.
Do you think you manage your time wisely? Do you manage time, or does time manage you?