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Positive form — Regular verbs





 

I You He/She/It We You They work ed a lot last night.

The -ed ending has three pronunciations:

[id] [t] [d]
after the sounds [t] and [d] attracted [ə ' træktɪd] adopted [ə ' dɒptɪd] added [ ' ædɪd] needed [ ' nɪ:dɪd]   after the unvoiced sounds (except [t]) looked [lʋkt] addressed [ə ' drest] touched [tʌtʃt] washed [wɒʃt]   after voiced sounds (except [d]) played [pleɪd] opened [ ' əʋpənd] raised [reɪzd] lived [lɪvd] filled [fɪld] showed [ʃəʋd]

Exercise 36. Put these words into three groups according to the pronunciation of the -ed endings.

passed, washed, watched, decided, remembered, failed, stopped, studied, asked, loved, used, listened, wanted

Exercise 37. Complete the sentences using the words in the list. Use the Simple Present or the Simple Past.

invite, stay, like, want, watch, happen

 

Example: Mike often asks questions. He asked a lot of questions in class yesterday.

 

  1. Ann seldom ___ her homework before midnight. But yesterday she ___ her homework at 10 pm.
  2. I usually ___ a lot of people to my birthday party. But last year I ___ only my close friends.
  3. Take care! This crossroads is extremely dangerous. Accidents are often here. A serious accident ___ at this crossroads only a few days ago.
  4. In the evening my parents ___ at home and ___ TV. As usual they ___ at home and ___ TV last night.
  5. After a hard day’s work Tom ___ to relax by going for a swim. But yesterday all he ___ to do was lie down and get some sleep.

Positive form — Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs are irregular in the Past Simple Tense in the positive only (not in the negative or question form).

 

1. I You He/She/It We You They came to the station in time.
2. I You He/She/It We You They had a lecture yesterday.
3. I was born in Moscow in 1989.
You were rather good at English.
He/She was in Paris some years ago.
It was most interesting event in my life.
We You They were at the opera yesterday.

 

Exercise 38.

Find the word that doesn’t belong to each list. Give the Present Tense form of the verbs.

a) said visited struck grew brought forgave
b) cooked worked listened meant showed watched
c) phoned fought rang thought saw drove
d) liked closed read climbed married acted
e) spent draw got moved ran swam

Exercise 39. Complete the sentences putting the verbs in the Past Simple Tense. Use each verb only once.

sell, spend, buy, fly, drive, run, cost, drink, understand

Example: Mr and Mrs Brown drove from London to Manchester last weekend.

  1. We needed money badly so we ___ our car.
  2. Ann ___ a lot of money yesterday. She ___ a dress which ___ $70.
  3. Dan ___ the marathon in two hours.
  4. They ___ champagne to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
  5. As teenagers, we ___ each other very well.
  6. They ___ to Spain the day before yesterday.

Negative form

1. I You He/She/It We You They did not (didn’t) return/come home in time.
2. I You He/She/It We You They did not (didn’t)have a villa near the beach.
3. I was not (wasn’t) in the office the day before yesterday.
You   were not (weren’t)
He/She/It   was not (wasn’t)
We You They were not (weren’t) at the seaside last summer.

Exercise 40. Make the following sentences negative.

Example: She spoke to me at the party. — She didn’t speak to me at the party.

1. I bought some new clothes last week.

  1. The train arrived on time.
  2. You made a bad mistake.
  3. They left for the airport at 5 am.
  4. She had a headache yesterday.
  5. Mr Benson and his wife were in Canada a month ago.
  6. The weather was hot in New York City last summer.

Exercise 41. Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.

1. The hotel ___ very expensive. (not/be) It ___ very much. (not/cost)

  1. The bed ___ uncomfortable. (be) I ___ very well. (not/sleep)
  2. Madame Tussaud ___ making models in wax as a teenager. (start)
  3. The film ___ boring. (be) I ___ it very much. (not/enjoy)
  4. Nicholas ___ different schools but he was bored and unhappy. (try)

General questions

1. Did I you he/she/it we you they go/return home after work? Yes, No, I you he/she/it we you they did. didn’t.
2. Was I/he/she it   interested in Biology at school? difficult? Yes, No, I/he/she it was. wasn’t.
  Were you keen on computer games in your childhood? Yes, No, I was. wasn’t.
  Were we you they born in Moscow? Yes, No, we you they were. weren’t.
3. Did I you he/she/it we you they havemany friends at school? Yes, No, I you he/she/it we you they did. didn’t.

Exercise 42. Rewrite each sentence as positive, negative or a general question, according to the instructions.

Example: My dad didn’t work late yesterday. (positive) — My dad worked late yesterday.

Greg went to the theatre at the weekend. (question) — Did Greg go to the theatre at the weekend?

I visited my parents last week. (negative) — I didn’t visit my parents last week.

1. We began our new language course book in May. (negative)

2. Mike got some tickets for the World Cup. (question)

3. Our trip lasted a fortnight. (negative)

4. Tanya didn’t sleep well at all last night.(positive)

5. They worked overtime in their new job. (negative)

6. The alarm clock woke Helen from a deep sleep. (negative)

7. He arrived at the hotel at midnight. (question)

Special questions

When were you born? — In 1987.
How was the weekend? — Oh, it was great!
Which subject was your favourite one? — Mathematics.

 

How did you get there? — By bus.
How long it take you to do your homework? — Three hours.
How long ago it start raining? — About two hours ago.
When you finish school? — A year ago.
What he do after school? — He went to university.
Where she study English? — At college.
Why we leave the party so early? — I was too bored.
How much it cost?   — Not much.
How many friends you have at school? — A lot.
How often Sam have English classes last term? — Twice a week.
What kind of film I see?   — A thriller.
Whose lecture they listen to? — They listened to a world-famous professor.

Object question

Who did she see at the party? — Brian and his girlfriend.
Who he meet at the airport? — His wife.
What they see in London? — A lot of interesting sights.
What you do yesterday? — Nothing.

 

Subject question

Who — — helped you with the test? — Brian did.
What — — happened last night? — Nothing special.
Who was — at the conference? — All my colleagues.
What was — strange? — His behaviour and appearance.

 

Exercise 43. Ask questions about the information in italics.

Example: Bobby played golf yesterday. — What did Bobby do yesterday?

1. My parents were on holiday in Greece in June.

  1. It took Clare an hour to pack her travelling bag.
  2. Charlotte Hughes (the second oldest person in the world) didn’t marry until sixty-three.
  3. Alexander Bell started his first telephone company on August 2nd 1877.
  4. Martin worked the whole summer. The job was tiring but he earned a lot of money.

Exercise 44. Ask subject or object questions. Give short answers to subject questions.

Example: We waited for him at the door. — Who waited for him at the door? — We did.

— Who did you wait for at the door?

1. We listened to the news at breakfast.

  1. Anthony talked to his girlfriend on the phone all evening.
  2. Fred’s sister married a famous actor.
  3. They bought a present for us.
  4. I reported the accident to the police.

The Future Simple Tense

The Future Simple Tense is used:

  • for a statement of a future fact

The journey will take six hours.

These expressions are usually used with the Future Simple Tense:

Tomorrow (morning / afternoon / evening)

The day after tomorrow

In (the near) future

Soon

One of these days

in a few minutes / in a moment / in a week / in five months time / in a week’s time, etc.

  • to predict the future

In the future, machines will do many of the jobs that people do now.

  • for a sudden decision made at the time of speaking

Wait a minute — I’ll open the door.

  • to show willingness to do or not to do something in the future

I promise I’ll give up smoking.

I’ll never speak to her again.

Positive form

I You He/She/It We You They will (‘ll) stay here tonight.

NOTE: a) will is used with all persons (I, you, he, they, etc.).

b) shall is used instead of will with I or we, but in everyday speech, will is more common.

c) in spoken English ‘ll is used with subject pronouns.

He’ll be there in time.

BUT: John will be there in time.

Exercise 45. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense. Use contraction (‘ll) where possible.

Example: I think I (be) in Liverpool next week. — I think I ’ll be in Liverpool next week.

Fiona (be) 20 in March. — Fiona will be 20 in March.

1. They (arrive) home before midnight tonight.

  1. The company (give) you an extra day’s holiday.
  2. “Would you like something to drink?” — “Oh, thank you. I (have) some apple juice.”
  3. I think the trip (be) rather exciting.
  4. Alma (phone) after 3 o’clock.
  5. Bill looks tired, I think he (go) to bed early tonight.

 

Negative form

I You He/She/It We You They will not (won’t) work tomorrow.

NOTE: a) will not (won’t) is used with all persons (I, you, he, they, etc.).

b) shallnot(shan’t) is used with I or we, but in everyday speech, will is more common.

 

Exercise 46. Write negative sentences with the verb in the correct form.

Example: He won’t forget to take his medicine.(forget)

1. I know she ___ with this idea. (agree)

  1. My parents ___ before twelve. (return)
  2. It ___ today. (rain)
  3. I ___ anywhere for a walk tonight. (go)
  4. Don’t trust this company. You ___ your money again. (see)

Exercise 47. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb given in the box. Use each verb only once.

see, get, stay, win, tell, come, be, leave

Example: — Please, stay with me. — Don’t worry, I won’t leave you. I’ll stay with you.

  1. — I promise, I ___ on time. I ___ late.

— All right. See you then.

  1. — Don’t say anything to Sally about my surprise party on Sunday.

— Don’t worry, I ___ her.

  1. — You look sad. What’s the matter?

— My grandparents are on their way to America. They’re going to live there, so I probably ___ them again.

— Why not? You can go there for a holiday.

  1. — Randy and Diana are in love with each other.

— Yes. I think they ___ married soon.

  1. — I’m going to the big baseball match tonight. My team, Dallas Cowboys, are playing.

— Do you think they ___?

 

General questions

Shall I we help go you? to the cinema? — Yes, please. / No, thanks. — OK, let’s go. / I’m afraid, I don’t want to.
Will he she it you they stay here? — Yes, he/she/it/I/we/they will. — No, he/she/it/I/we/they won’t.  

 

NOTE: a) Shall is generally used as a first person question (with I or we) to make suggestions and offers.

b) Will is used as a first person question with I to ask about future. Will I be happy, will I be rich...?

Exercise 48. Make these sentences into general questions. Give short answers.

Example: (you be) at home tomorrow? — Will you be at home tomorrow? — Yes, I will.? No, I won’t.

  1. (You see) your parents this weekend?
  2. (They go) to Scotland in June?
  3. (Kate and you go) to the cinema next week?
  4. (It be) Wednesday tomorrow?
  5. (Sam be) at the party too?
  6. (You open) your bank account in this bank?

 

Exercise 49. Make up your own sentences with Shall I...? / Shall we...?

Example: the theatre this evening? — Shall we go to the theatre this evening?

do the washing up for you? — Shall I do the washing up for you?


1) close the window?

2) the disco on Friday?

3) another television programme?

4) a game of tennis?

5) turn on the radio?

6) help you with this exercise?


Special questions

What shall I do? — Whatever you like.
Where will I be in ten years’ time? — Nobody knows.
Where shall we go tonight? — Let’s go to the cinema.
When will you tell her the truth? — One of these days.
How old will he be next birthday? — He’ll be twenty-nine.
How often will they see each other in ten years’ time? — Perhaps they will never see each other again.
How long will it take? — About an hour.
How much will the trip cost? — It won’t be expensive.
Why will she stay in town this summer? — Because she’s going to work as a tourist guide.
Which trip will you take? — I think I’ll take a bicycle trip.
Who will — win the race? — It’s rather difficult to predict.

Exercise 50. Complete the sentences.

Example: Who will arrange everything? — Nancy.

  1. ___ help you with your homework? — A friend of mine will.
  2. ___ Kate ___ next year? — She’ll be 19.
  3. ___ at the station? — They’ll meet at about 3 o’clock.
  4. ___ for breakfast? — I’ll have a cup of coffee and a toast.
  5. ___ this summer? — I’ll go to the seaside.
  6. ___ the World Cup? — Perhaps, Brazil.
  7. ___ stay at home tonight? — Because he’s expecting a call from his British friend.

Tag questions

I’ll   give you a lift, shall I? — Yes, please. That’s very kind of you./ No, thanks. I’ll walk.
I will be rich, won’t I? — Yes, you will. / No, you won’t.
You will leave tomorrow, won’t you? — Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
He/She will enjoy the camping trip won’t he/ she? — Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she won’t.
It will be Sunday tomorrow, won’t it? — Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
We’ll   go by plane, shall we? — All right. Let’s go by plane.
They will be more careful next time, won’t they? — Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

 

I won’t work next week, will I? — No, you won’t. / Yes, you will.
You won’t be late, will you? — No, I. won’t. / Yes, I will.
He/She won’t tell anyone else, will he /she? — No, he/she won’t. / Yes, he/she will.
It won’t help anyone, will it? — No, it won’t. / Yes, it will.
We won’t do this, will we? — No, we won’t. / Yes, we will.
They won’t come to see us, will they? — No, they won’t. / Yes, they will.

NOTE: a) after Let’s... the question tag is shall we?

Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?

b) After the imperative (Do/Don’t do...) the tag is will you?

Open the door, will you?

Exercise 51. Give the correct tag to these sentences.

  1. I expect we’ll meet again before long, ___?
  2. I’ll show you the way, ___?
  3. They won’t need a lot of money for that trip, ___?
  4. Everyone will like the idea, ___?
  5. Tomorrow will be cold, with some snow in the afternoon, ___?
  6. Let’s have dinner, ___?
  7. Turn down the radio, ___/

 

Exercise 52. Ask questions about the information in italics.

1. At the weekend we’ll probably go to the cinema.

  1. You will find the newspaper under the pile of magazines.
  2. It will be rainy and quite cold.
  3. They’ll meet Joyce at the airport at 7 o’clock.
  4. No, I won’t work from Wednesday till Friday.
  5. It’ll take you an hour and a half to get to the city centre.






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