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MUSIC LESSONS CAN IMPROVE VOCABULARY





By Roger Highfield, Science editor

" The Daily Telegraph ", July 28, 2003

 

SCIENTISTS have found an unexpected benefit of music lessons – they can boost word power.

Children with music training had significantly better verbal memory than others, according to today's study. Plus, the longer the training, the better the verbal memory.

These findings underscore how, when experience changes a specific brain region, other skills in the same region may also benefit.

The research is reported in the journal Neuropsychology by Dr Agnes Chan and colleagues at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, who studied 90 boys between six and 15.

Half had musical training as members of their school's string orchestra for one to five years. The others had no musical training.

The researchers gave the children verbal memory tests, to see how many words they recalled from a list, and a comparable images test.

Students with musical training recalled significantly more words than the untrained students, and were better at learning them. There were no such differences for visual memory.

It seems that the more that music training stimulates the brain, the better it can handle other tasks. The team likened it to the way that runners find that stronger legs help them play tennis better.

Another report has shown that training brain activity through a process called "neurofeedback" can improve musical performance by up to 17 per cent, the equivalent of one grade.

 

1. The findings prove that the students with musical training remembered and recalled significantly more words than the untrained students.

2. But there were no such evident differences for visual memory.

3. Moreover, the longer the training the better the verbal memory is.

4. The scientists of the Chinese University of Hong Kong investigated the correlation of music training and verbal memory of children.

Set 2.

CHILDREN 'TRADE RITALIN FOR CDS'

By Sgrah Womack, Social Affairs correspondent

" The Daily Telegraph ", July 25,2003

A DRUG prescribed for children with behavioral problems is being abused in schools as pupils trade the medication for CDs and telephone cards, it is claimed.

Overload Network, a charity for parents with hyperactive children, said it had found some pupils selling Ritalin tablets, an amphetamine which works on the central nervous system, for 5 Op each.

Ritalin is often given to children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Janice Hill, the mother of a child who was prescribed the drug and who founded the charity, said teenage girls were using it as a diet pill.

She wants the Government to ensure that prescriptions are properly regulated.

Mr. Hill said her charity found dealers selling the drug near the surgery of Malcolm Chisholm, the health minister, in his Edinburgh North and life constituency. They crushed the Ritalin to improve the quality of the amphetamine with which they mixed it.

"The dealers won't deal in banknotes, they will give them a phone card, a CD or something like that instead," she said. "We have also had parents getting in touch because of one of the side effects of Ritalin as an appetite suppressant. Young girls have cottoned on to this and use it as a slimming aid."

A spokesman for the Scottish Executive said: "We have liaised with local drug and education agencies that have not been able to provide the executive with any firm or convincing evidence to support the claim that Ritalin is being misused in the Edinburgh area." But officials would meet Mr. Hill.

In 2000 the BBC found that Ritalin prescriptions had risen 10-fold in the previous five years in Scotland alone.

Today 345,000 children in England and 21,000 in Wales are diagnosed with ADHD.

 

1. The problem is that this drug contains amphetamine which works on the central nervous system.

2. Some girls were using it as a diet pill in order to control appetite.

3. The parents and the school are concerned that the children have started selling Ritalin for CDs and telephone cards.

4. Ritalin is a drug prescribed for children with behavioral problems.

5. Hundreds of children are diagnosed with ADHD, which means they need to take this drug.

Assignment

Select an article from a newspaper and state its topic, main idea and underline the rhymes.

P A R T 3

MAKING A SUMMARY

Exercise. Read the article.

a) Choose the best summary. Give the arguments of your choice.

BT RETURNS TO THE FRAY WITH

NEW MOBILE PHONE DEALS PACKAGES LINKED

WITH LANDLINES AIMED AT FAMILIES

By David Black

" The Guardian ", July 30, 2003

 

ВТ is to re-enter the UK mobile phone market in partnership with Deutsche Telekom-owned T-Mobile, and the Swedish phone manufacturer, Ericsson.

The company, which was forced to spin off Cellnet – its mobile arm now renamed mmO2 – in 2001, yesterday unveiled two initiatives aimed at domestic and business customers and designed to re-establish it in the mobile market.

Pierre Danon, chief executive of ВТ Retail said that with the UK mobile market now worth almost as much as the fixed line market – at about £13bn a year – it made sense for ВТ to be "back in the game". The new mobile service to be called ВТ Mobile Home Plan, would comprise a "significant" part of the £300m in annual mobile revenues ВТ hopes to generate with a marketing drive to follow in October. ВТ has already signed contracts to distribute the package through Phones4U, The Carphone Warehouse and The Link, and intends to spend £10m on marketing between now and next March.

Among its features will be free calls lasting less than two minutes to the customer's home number, a rising savings rate as more family members sign up, and line rental on the first handset costing £15 a month but falling to £10 a month for each additional set up to five. There will be fixed-price packages of call minutes to be shared by all handsets, and all charges will be on one bill.

Mr. Danon said ВТ was re-entering a mature market, and needed to offer a service that was substantially different to make an impact.

He added: "We believe ВТ is the first company to recognise that customers are not just individuals but parts of families." ВТ will use T-Mobile's excess network capacity to provide the service. Brian McBride, managing director of T-Mobile UK, said although the companies would continue to compete in other areas, this package offered increased revenues to T-Mobile and savings on capital investment for ВТ.

ВТ also announced trials with Ericsson of a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone to operate through fixed-line networks in either the home or office, at fixed line prices. With the development name "Blue phone" the system will use a basic handset with Bluetooth short-range wireless connection software.

The phone will eventually use HiFi technology to provide short-range wireless connections to landlines. A full UK launch is expected by March or April 2004.

 

1. BT, a UK mobile phone company, is going to re-enter the UK mobile phone market in partnership with the German and Swedish manufacturers. The new mobile service will be called BT Mobile Home Plan. The company is offering various financial benefits to their customers. The chief executive of BT Retail considers BT to be "the first company to recognize that customers are not just individuals but parts of families" so, they are aimed at providing advantageous prospects to all family members who will buy a BT mobile phone.

2. BT, a UK mobile phone company, has announced about two initiatives aimed at domestic and business customers and designed to re-establish the company in the UK mobile phone market in partnership with the German and Swedish manufacturers. The new mobile service will be called BT Mobile Home Plan. The company is launching a marketing drive for about 4 months. It is going to offer some profitable services, which can help save money for the whole family but not only for an individual.

3. BT, a UK mobile phone company, is re-entering a UK mobile phone market after "having been out of game" for a couple of years. It is going to offer a variety of services for the domestic and business customers united within BT Mobile Home Plan. The chief executive of BT Retail believes that "BT is the first company to recognize that customers are not just individuals but parts of families".

 

b) Make the summary of your own.

 

MAKING AN INFERENCE

Note. An inference is a conclusion by reasoning from something known or assumed (Webster's New World Dictionary. Warner Books Inc. New York 1990). So, at the end of your analysis it is advisable to express your personal point of view on the matter under consideration in the given article. While making the inference state

· the genre of the article

· target audience

· language and style of presentation

· actuality of the material

 

Exercise. Read the article.

 

Read the examples of its possible analysis. Get ready to make the analysis of your own.







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