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American Slavery and Race DiscriminationThe first ship bearing slaves for America landed in 1619, beginning over two centuries of human bondage on the American continent, bondage which would eventually be called our "peculiar institution." This institution always received theological support from various religious leaders, both in the pulpit and in the classroom. For example, through the late 1700s, Reverend William Graham was rector and principal instructor at the Liberty Hall Academy, now Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. Every year, he lectured the senior graduating class on the value of slavery and used the Bible in his defense of it. For Graham and the many like him, Christianity was not a tool for changing politics or social policy, but instead to bring the message of salvation to everyone, regardless of their status of freedom. In this, they were certainly supported by biblical text. As Kenneth Stamp wrote in The Peculiar Institution, Christianity actually became a way to add value to slaves in America:...when southern clergy became ardent defenders of slavery, the master class could look upon organized religion as an ally...the gospel, instead of becoming a mean of creating trouble and strive, was really the best instrument to preserve peace and good conduct among the negroes. Through teaching slaves the message of the Bible, they could be encouraged to bear the earthly burden in exchange for heavenly rewards later on - and they could be frightened into believing that disobedience to earthly masters would be perceived by God as disobedience to Him. Ironically, enforced illiteracy prevented slaves from reading the Bible themselves. This is ironic because a similar situation existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, as illiterate peasants and serfs were prevented from reading the Bible in their own language - a situation which was instrumental in theProtestant revolution. Now, Protestants were doing much the
same thing African slaves: using the authority of their Bible and the dogma of their religion to repress a group of people without even allowing them to read the basis of authority on their own. Division and Conflict As Northerners decried slavery and called for its abolition, southern political and religious leaders found an easy ally for their pro-slavery cause in the Bible and Christian history. In 1856 Reverend Thomas Stringfellow, a Baptist minister from Culpepper County in Virginia, put the pro-slavery Christian message succinctly in his "A Scriptural View of Slavery:"...Jesus Christ recognized this institution as one that was lawful among men, and regulated its relative duties... I affirm then, first (and no man denies) that Jesus Christ has not abolished slavery by a prohibitory command; and second, I affirm, he has introduced no new moral principle which can work its destruction... Of course, Christians in the North disagreed - and some denominations, like Quakers, appear to have never been afflicted by slavery. Interestingly, most abolitionist attacks were based on the premise that the nature of Hebrew slavery differed in significant ways from the nature of slavery in the American South. Although this was meant to argue that the American form of slavery did not enjoy Biblical support, it nevertheless tacitly admitted that the institution of slavery did, in principle, have divine sanction and approval so long as conducted in an appropriate manner. In the end, the North won on the question of slavery. Although the Southern Baptist Convention was formed in an effort to preserve the Christian basis for slavery before the start of the Civil War, they did not feel it necessary to bother apologizing until June 1995. The reason was that even though the question of slavery had been settled, the question of race still burned. Race Relations-separation in the United States Since the beginning mankind around the world, religion has been a major part of disagreement and fighting among people of different regions, religions and beliefs. Today, in the United States, religion still has big influence in our culturally mixed society. Race relations among people of different races appear to be alienated and sometimes fear each other. Race relations in the United States are not what they are portrayed by in the media. Racism is an issue that every American citizen no atter which cultural background, has to deal with on a day to day basis. The reason for this divide is simple but often overlooked: most minorities know how it feels to experience racism; most whites do not. Racism in the United States has been a
major issue since the colonial era. Historically, the country has been dominated by a settler society of religiously and ethnically diverse European white people. In the past, the heaviest burdens of racism in the country have historically fallen upon Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latin Americans, American Jews, African Americans, homosexual and different gender preference citizens, and some other immigrant groups and their descendants. Over the past decade we have seen a rise in racism against Middle Eastern people.Unfortunately, racial separation along with violence is still evident in the modern world and alive and well today. A good example is the continued bad race relations against African Americans. In Washington, DC, on August 28, 1963 MLK’s campaign speech, he said the following: “But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination; one hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society to find himself in exile in his own land”. https://www.brown.edu/initiatives/slavery-and-justice/race-slavery-and-contemporary-american-life Political System U.S. politics are shaped by two major political parties: Democrats and Republicans. Citizens have competing interests that differ based on their different backgrounds—the types of jobs they have, their race or age, whether they have children, etc. Politics are also shaped by special interest groups, lobbyists, and the media.
The legislative branch of the U.S. government. The United States is a representative democracy. Citizens elect representatives to national, state, and local government; those representatives create the laws that govern U.S. society. Although nothing in U.S. law requires it, in practice, the political system is dominated by political parties. With rare exceptions, elections are decided between the two major parties: Democrats and Republicans. Although citizens vote for individual candidates, most candidates are affiliated with one part or another. Therefore, much of U.S. politics boils down to party politics. The United States is also a diverse society, and citizens' competing interests are reflected in politics. Citizens may have different voting preferences depending on their family backgrounds, the types of jobs they have, their race or age, whether they have children, and so on. To understand the electoral process, we must understand how different interests come into play.
Individual citizens are not the only players in U.S. politics. Although individual citizens are the only ones who can cast votes, special interest groups and lobbyists may influence elections and law-making with money and other resources. At times, this influence has grown so noticeable that some have called into question whether the U.S. is truly a democracy of the people or something more like an oligarchy of special interest groups. The media also play an important role in politics by influencing public sentiment and acting as an information filter. 1. Choose the correct answer: 1.What kind of state is the USA? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 6. How many senators are there in the senate? 7. Who is the head of the UK? 8. How many houses does British Parliament have? 9. What is the Prime minister of G.B. responsible for? 10. Which country hasn't got a written constitution 11. Who signs the laws in the UK? 12. The main political parties of the UK? 13. What Kind of state is the UK?
15. A senator's term in the USA is 16. The Constitution of the USA was written in... 17. The US Government has …… branches 19. The US President's term is 20. There are …….judges in the US Supreme Court 21. The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called 2.Complete the sentences: 1. The United States of America is a … 2. The President is elected directly by … 3. The legislative branch of the federal government is … 4. Congress is made up of … 5. Congress makes … and can introduce … 6. The President and his Administration represent … 7. The Administration includes … 8. The President appoints … but the Senate must … 9. The legislative and the executive branches of government are involved in the system of … Find more information there: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States http://powerpt.ru/prezentacii-po-angliyskomu/1932-the-political-system-of-the-usa.html Education in the United States The general pattern of education in the USA is an eight-year elementary school, followed by a four-year high school. This has been called 8 – 4 plan organization. It is proceeded, in many localities, by nursery schools and kindergartens. It is followed by a four-year college and professional schools. This traditional patterns, however, has been varied in many different ways. The 6 — 3 – 3 plan consists of a six-year elementary school, a three-year junior high school, and a three-year senior high school. Another variation is 6 – 6 plan organization, with a six-year elementary school followed by a six-year secondary school. American education provides a program for children, beginning at the age of 6 and continuing up to the age of 16 in some of the states, and to 18 in others. 1. What is the general pattern of education in the USA? School Curriculum
From Hawaii to Delaware, from Alaska to Louisiana, each of the 50 states in the USA has its own laws regulating education. From state to state some laws are similar, others are not. For example, all states require young people to attend school (the age limits vary: seven to sixteen, six to eighteen, etc.). Though there is no national curriculum in the united States, certain subjects are taught across the country. Almost every elementary school provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics, language arts(a subject that includes reading, grammar, composition and literature), penmanship, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics), music, art and physical education. In many elementary schools courses in the use of computers have been introduced. And in some cases, a foreign language is offered in the upper elementary school. Not all schools offer any foreign languages, if they do, if they do, it usually lasts for no longer than half a year. In general, it is not necessary to study a foreign language to get a high school diploma. But if one plans to enter a college or university, one should study a foreign language for no less than two years. Questions: 1. Are the laws regulating education the same across the USA?
5. How long should a student study a foreign language at high school before entering a college?   ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ ВО ВЗРОСЛОЙ ЖИЗНИ? Если вы все еще «неправильно» связаны с матерью, вы избегаете отделения и независимого взрослого существования...  Что делает отдел по эксплуатации и сопровождению ИС? Отвечает за сохранность данных (расписания копирования, копирование и пр.)...  Что способствует осуществлению желаний? Стопроцентная, непоколебимая уверенность в своем...  Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
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