|
|
Section 4: New Education Law in the State of Vermont, USAPre-reading questions: 1. How many states make the USA? 2. What is the state of Vermont famous for? 3. What other states of this country do you know?
It is a placid state usually, but these days Vermont is riven with cries of class warfare. The reason is Act 60, a, law which transforms education finance by taking from rich towns and giving to poor ones. Until this academic year, each town in Vermont (like many towns in other states) paid for its own public schools with local property taxes, determined by resident tax assessors. The state contributed a portion of its own tax revenue – 30%, one of the lowest figures in the country. «Gold» towns such as Stowe, with popular ski resorts, or Manchester, with dozens of designer discount stores and three ski mountains, easily topped up the meagre state contribution to pay for extra-splendid schools. Poor towns («receiving» towns in the jargon of Act 60) were obliged to rely on higher property-tax rates; even then, since there was not much property to tax, their budgets were slim. The figures tell the tale. Manchester spent $5,844 per pupil in 1998, little Whiting in central Vermont spent about $2,300. But Whiting had to tax its property-owners 35% more heavily than town with plenty of rich properties. The case of one Whiting pupil, Amanda Brigham, was eventually brought before the state Supreme Court by the American Civil Liberties Union as an example of unfairness in spending on schools. And on February 5th last year the court found the system unconstitutional. It ordered the legislature to act quickly to implement the law. And, as the first sign of that, management of school spending was taken out of local control and transferred to the state. In June the legislature passed a sweeping reform bill that sought to correct the inequities by pinpointing certain towns as richer than others, and adjusting the property tax accordingly. In the richer towns, where property taxes had been relatively low in the past, those taxes have now risen sharply; in poorer towns they have fallen. The reform has hit some people, as well as some towns, harder than others. Many farmers, living near the richer towns, with many acres of land but low incomes, or people living in the richer towns who do not even have children, and others are up in arms. The law has already been larded with more than 70 pages of «technical corrections». It is so complicated that even legislators have trouble understanding or explaining it. Vermonters remain almost evenly divided in their support or rejection of the law.
§ Vocabulary notes
Words and Grammar
a Write out the English equivalents from the text:
местный поимущественный налог...................................................................................... налог с резидентов (данного района/.................................................................................. города/поселения и т.д.)........................................................................................................ более высокие ставки налога................................................................................................ налоговый инспектор........................................................................................................... выделять определённую часть из своих поступлений от налогов.................................... увеличить налогообложение владельцев собственности на 35% по сравнению с.......... .................................................................................................................................................. передать дело на рассмотрение Верховного суда штата.................................................... признать такой порядок противоречащим Конституции;..................................................
b Translate the following phrases into English and make short sentences with them:
to implement the law.......................................................................... to adjust the law.................................................................................. to have trouble (in) understanding smth............................................. to transform education finance.......................................................... to determine local property taxes....................................................... to rely on higher rates........................................................................
с Write down the following adjectives in the Comparative and Superlative Degrees and make short sentences with them: rich......................................... difficult......................................... meagre................................... slim............................................... complicated........................... unpopular..................................... high........................................ placid...........................................
d Underline the ing-forms, write down what parts of sentences they are, translate the sentences into Russian and write down a few similar sentences of your own:
1 This law transforms education finance by taking from rich towns and giving to poor ones. 2 It is an example of unfairness in spending on schools. 3 Management of school spending was taken out of local control. 4 Many farmers, living near the richer towns, are up in arms too.
e Form nouns with negative meaning using various prefixes and make a few short sentences with those nouns:
1........................................................................................................... 2........................................................................................................... 3...........................................................................................................
f Translate the following word combinations into Russian and write down a few sentences with them:
designer discount stores..................................................................... meagre state contribution................................................................... extra-splendid schools........................................................................ tax revenues........................................................................................ relatively low taxes............................................................................. nigher property-tax rates.................................................................... g Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English:
• public school • tax revenue of the state • class warfare • academic year • «gold» towns • «receiving» towns
Translating and Speaking
h Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1 Act 60 is a law which transforms education finance by taking from rich towns and giving to poor ones. 2 There was not much property to tax. 3 The figures tell the tale. 4 The reform has hit some people harder than others. 5 The law has already been larded with more than 70 pages of amendments.
i Sum up what you learned from the text about: • rich and poor towns of Vermont • Vermont education finance system in the recent past • the new education law • the reaction of the residents of Vermont
Role-play
1 Imagine that all the students of your group are a panel of judges of the state Supreme Court of Vermont. Use your imagination and act out how the Amanda Brigham case was considered. 2 Now imagine two of you are legal advisers and the others are legislators of the State Government of Vermont. Discuss the draft bill.
Note: 1. Prepare your speeches at home. Try to use as many words as possible from the text. 2. When in class try to speak away from your papers. You may also improvise a little. It will be better if you listened to the other speakers and found the right moment to join in.
  ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...  Что делать, если нет взаимности? А теперь спустимся с небес на землю. Приземлились? Продолжаем разговор...  ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ, КОГДА МЫ ССОРИМСЯ Не понимая различий, существующих между мужчинами и женщинами, очень легко довести дело до ссоры...  Живите по правилу: МАЛО ЛИ ЧТО НА СВЕТЕ СУЩЕСТВУЕТ? Я неслучайно подчеркиваю, что место в голове ограничено, а информации вокруг много, и что ваше право... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
|