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Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny,Offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
1. "You should take more exercise," the doctor said. – The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 2. "This film is so boring," he said to his mother. 3. "Please, please let me go out to play, Mum," she said. 4. "Shall I carry your shopping for you?" he said to her. 5. "Don't get dirty in the garden," she said to Jane. 6. "I'm not going to tidy Helen's bedroom," Tim said. 7. "I didn't eat the cake," he said to her. 8. "What a silly thing to say!" she said. 9. "You really must get your hair cut," she said to him. 10. "You broke my record player," she said to him. 11. "I'm sorry I didn't write to you," she said to him. 12. "Let's go to Jamaica for our holiday," he said to her. 13. "Yes, that is a nice colour," the sales assistant said to her. 14. "I'd rather watch a film than the news," she said to her. 15. "I think you should go on a diet," she said to him. 16. "I'll kill you if you try to escape," the kidnapper said to her.
Revision
7.1 Turn from Direct speech into Reported speech:
1. "I've finished all my work," she said. 2. "Why are you looking at me like that?" she asked him. 3. "Don't play with matches," his mother said. 4. "I've forgotten to bring my lunch with me," he said. 5. "Will you be home soon?" she asked her husband. 6. "Go to bed!" Father said to the children. 7. "I'll clean the car tomorrow," Tim said to his father. 8. "Where have you been?" Gary asked his wife. 9. "I've been working for the same company since 1960," he said to me. 10. "Do you know Garfield?" she asked me.
7.2 Change the sentences as shown:
1. I won't tell anybody. (He promised) – He promised not to tell anybody. 2. I'll cook supper. (She offered) 3. Leave early. (He advised me) 4. Please close the door. (She asked me) 5. I'll stop smoking. (She promised) 6. Why don't I do the shopping? (He offered) 7. You ought to tell the police. (She advised me) 8. Wait outside. (I told her) 9. OK, I'll pay half. (He agreed) 10. Park round the corner. (She told me)
7.3 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs:
1. He said he _________ already _________ to the manager. (speak) 2. She asked me _________ my shoes. (take off) 3. He wanted to know where I _________ for the last few years. (live) 4. I warned her _________ too near the cliff edge. (not go) 5. I asked her if Mrs Brownlow _________ just _________. (leave) 6. I told them _________ they were in the right part of the train. (check) 7. He told me he _________ for several days. (not eat) 8. We agreed that I _________ them a few days later. (see) 9. They asked me if I _________ a cup of tea. (like) 10. He begged her _________ him some money, but she refused. (give)
7.4 Turn the following into Reported speech:
1. “Were you speeding?” – The policeman asked the driver if he had been speeding. 2. “No, I wasn’t speeding.” – The driver ____. 3. “It’s true that I was driving a bit fast.” – Then the driver ____. 4. “You should have been driving more carefully.” – Mr Thompson ____. 5. “Has anyone called an ambulance?” – Mr Brown ____. 6. “The ambulance is coming.” – Mr Jones ____. 7. “My leg hurts.” – Tim ____. 8. “Can you move your leg?” – Mr Smith ____. 9. “Don’t try to stand up.” – Dr Baker ____.
7.5 After taking part in a big bank robbery, Donald Boggs escaped abroad, to places where the British police couldn’t get him. Now he is living in San Bernardo. Ted Slant, a British journalist, has come to interview him. Write reports from the interview as in the example:
Test yourself: reported speech
1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant: 1. Shakespeare told his wife that you don't understand my work. 2. I don't know what does this word mean. 3. Please tell me what you want. 4. I asked what the time was. 5. Mary asked me where Bill lived? 2. Read the letter and then complete the text: Dear all, Sorry I haven't written for a few weeks. I've been too busy. I'm having a great time; I'm going to parties every night. I'm doing a bit of work too. We had an exam last week. I hope I'll get good marks. I only have one shirt – I've lost the others. Mum, can you buy me six more? And I can’t find my raincoat. Is it at home? My room, here isn’t very nice – I’ll have to look for a better one. And the food here in college isn’t much good, so I'm living on hamburgers. I've spent nearly all my money. Dad, can you send some more? Can you give me Aunt Ellen's address? And I haven't heard from Sarah. Where is she living? And does John want to come and spend two or three days down here with me? That's all for now. Love to everybody. Joe In his letter Joe said he was sorry that he hadn’t written for a few weeks. It was because he l ____ too busy. He 2 ____ his family that he 3 ____ a great time, but he 4 ____ some work too. He said he 5 ____ an exam 6 ____ week, and he hoped he 7 ____ get good marks. Joe 8 ____ that he only 9 ____ one shirt, because he 10 ____ the others. He asked his mother 11 ____ him six more. And he asked 12 ____ his raincoat 13 ____ at home. His room 14 ____ not very nice, he said, so he 15 ____ have to look for a better one. And because of the bad college food he 16 ____ on hamburgers. He said he 17 ____ nearly all his money, and asked his father 18 ____ him some more. Joe also asked his family 19 ____ him his Aunt Ellen's address. And he 20 ____ them that he 21 ____ from Sarah, and asked 22 ____ she 23 ____. At the end of the letter, Joe asked 24 ____ John 25 ____ to go and spend a few days with him. Passive Voice Formation and uses
Note: PP = Participle Two or Past Participle (regular verbs + - ed; irregular verb – see the third column of the table)
The passive is used: 1. When the agent (the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context. e.g. My car was stolen yesterday. (unknown agent) The road repairs were completed last week. (unimportant agent) The kidnappers have been arrested. (by the police – obvious agent) 2. When the action is more important than the agent – as in news reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements etc. e.g. Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice) The local bank was robbed this morning. (news report) Bread is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes. (process) 3. To put emphasis on the agent. e.g. The Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror. 4. To make statements more polite or formal. e.g. My new suit has been burnt. (It’s more polite than saying “You’ve burnt my new suit.”)
1.1 Choose the best sentence from each pair to build up a continuous text:
1 a. HOW BOOKS ARE MADE b. HOW PEOPLE MAKE BOOKS 2. a. First of all, the printers print big sheets of paper. b. First of all, big sheets of paper are printed. 3. a. Each sheet contains the text of a number of pages (e.g. 32). b. The text of a number of pages (e.g. 32) is contained in each sheet. 4. a. People fold and cut the sheets to produce sections of the book. b. The sheets are folded and cut to produce sections of the book. 5. a. These sections are called signatures. b. We call these sections signatures. 6. a. The printers put all the signatures together in the correct order. b. All the signatures are put together in the correct order. 7. a. Then they are bound together and their edges are trimmed. b. Then they bind the signatures together and trim the edges. 8. a. Finally, the cover – which has been printed separately – is attached. b. Finally, they attach the cover – which they have printed separately. 9. a. Now the publishers can publish the book. b. Now the book can be published.
1.2 Complete the sentences with a Present Simple Passive. Use the following verbs:
ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast,
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