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Exercises to be done before reading the text ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 2 из 2 Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты gear – шестерня, передача gearbox – коробка передач gearing – зубчатое соединение forward speed – передняя скорость reverse drive – обратный (задний) ход low gear – первая передача top gear – четвертая (прямая) передача sliding-mesh gearbox – коробка передач со скользящими шестернями constant-mesh gearbox – коробкапередач с постоянным зацеплением шестерен epicyclical (planetary) gearbox – эпициклическая (планетарная) коробка передач ordinary gearing – стандартное зубчатое соединение fixed axes – зафиксированные (неподвижные) оси rotate bodily – вращаться корпусом axis – ось axle – вал secure – обеспечить shifting – переключение in direct line – важно TEXT Gearbox
1. First or low gear; 2. Second gear; 3. Third gear; 4. Fourth or top gear; 5. Reverse gear. There are many constructional arrangements of gearboxes, which can be classified as follows: 1. Sliding-mesh type; 2. Constant-mesh type; 3. Epicyclical (planetary) type. The sliding-mesh type is the simplest one and is the oldest historically. The constant-mesh type is the most widely used type. They are termed "ordinary" gearing, the characteristic feature of which is that I lie axes of the various gears are fixed axes. The gears simply rotate about their own axes. The characteristic feature of epicyclical (planetary) gearing is that one gear rotates about its own axis and also rotates bodily about some other axis. To secure the several speeds of the car the clutch shaft is mounted In direct line with the gearbox shaft. The gearbox shaft carries on it the sliding gears which are used for shifting to secure the forward speeds and the reverse drive. The exercises to be done after reading the text Упражнение 2.Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы. 1. Where is the gearbox situated? 2. What is the function of the gearbox? 3. What speeds does the gearbox provide? 4. What types of gearboxes do you know? 5. Why is the clutch shaft mounted in direct line with the gearbox shaft? Упражнение 3. Подберите из правой колонки соответствующие окончания предложений из левой колонки. 1. The principal function of the gearbox is.... a) sliding-mesh type, constant mesh type and planetary type 2. The gearbox provides.... b) the simplest one and historically oldest 3. Gearbox can be.... c) to vary the speed of the car 4. The sliding-mesh gearbox is d) four forward speeds and one reverse 5. The constant-mesh gearbox is.... e) the most widely used. Упражнение 4. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем. Gearboxes are assembled and disassembled on special stands using special mechanisms. In case of trouble in change-speed gearbox it can be repaired only in the workshop. But in order not to get into trouble you should do the followings steps: a) check the oil level in the gearbox casing; b) wash the breather channel; c) change the oil in accordance with the lubrication schedule; d) wash the gearbox with a thin mineral oil; e) drain the used oil through the drain hole. Упражнение 5. Прочтите диалог и разыграйте его в парах. DIALOGUE Mike: Peter, do you remember what our teacher told us last time? What do you know about gearboxes? Peter: I know that the gearbox is used to change the speed of the car. M: And how many speeds does the gearbox provide? P: It can provide four forward speeds and one reverse. M: Into what types are the gearboxes divided according to their arrangements? P: They are divided into sliding-mesh type, constant-mesh type and epicyclic type. M.: What type is the simplest? P: The sliding-mesh one. M: Thank you very much for you help. P: You are welcome. Glad to help you. Unit Eight Text: Brakes Dialogue Exercises to be done before reading the text Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты. brakes – тормоза force the fluid – подавать жидкость performance–работа under pressure–под давлением safety – безопасность brakes are applied – тормоза срабатывают depend – зависет slow – замедлять braking effort – тормозное усилие divide – разделять push down on the brake pedal – нажать на тормозную педаль namely – именно drum brakes – барабанные тормоза band brake – ленточный тормоз disk brakes – дисковые тормоза shoe brake – колодочный тормоз hydraulic assisted brakes – тормоза с гидрав-лическим приводом brake shoes – колодки тормоза brake fluid – тормозная жидкость brake pedal – тормозная педаль master cylinder – главный цилиндр
TEXT Brakes Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper performance the safety of passengers depends. Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. The drum type may be either a band brake or a shoe brake. Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). According to their mode of operation, the brakes are classified as: mechanical brakes, hydraulic brakes, airbrakes, electric brakes. Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from it to the wheel cylinders (See Fig 1.A.). The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied (the brake shoes are pressed against the brake drums) (See Fig.1.B.). The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes.
Formerly brakes were applied only to the two rear wheels, but now all cars are equipped with all-wheels brakes.
  Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все...  Что будет с Землей, если ось ее сместится на 6666 км? Что будет с Землей? - задался я вопросом...  ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...  Что делать, если нет взаимности? А теперь спустимся с небес на землю. Приземлились? Продолжаем разговор... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
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The gearbox is placed between the clutch and the propeller shaft. I lie principal function of the gearbox is to vary the speed of the car movement to meet the road conditions. The gearbox provides four forward speeds and one reverse, as follows:
Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the brake shoes.
Today many improvements are being made in brakes.