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EPISODE 2 Present Perfect Passive/ Past Perfect Passive





EPISODE 1

One of the possible questions in IELTS Writing Task 1 is Maps’ description. Usually, there are two maps of the same territory in different periods of time. It can be two maps of an area plan of a city, town or a village in past or present time periods. In this task, you should describe the changes of the territory presented on the maps. Timing The minimum number of words in your description is 150 words. You can write more, but remember that you should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. So, the preferable size of your piece of writing is approximately 170­ - 190 words.

Structure

A good map description consists of two parts:
● Introduction (1 or 2 sentences with paraphrasing the question)

- short­ overview of the description - Make two general statements about the map. You should describe the maps generally and write about the most noticeable differences between the two maps. You could ask yourself the following questions to identify general changes. Is the map more or less residential? Is there more or less countryside? Are there more or less trees? Were the changes dramatic or negligible? Were there any major improvements in infrastructure? How have the buildings and leisure facilities changed?) ● The main body (with a full description of changes, usually consists of 2 paragraphs)
NB: Remember, you shouldn't write any conclusions, predictions, or your opinion in your report. Describe only the facts.

Sample task Read the sample essay below based on the map above and answer the questions by choosing the correct option.

 

The maps above illustrate the changes in the Indian resort Mali from 2006 to 2016. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

 

 



 

Sample Essay: The given maps demonstrate the most significant changes which took place in the Mali Indian resort, over a decade between 2006 and 2016. All in all, since 2006 Mali has been turned into a much more convenient and luxury holiday destination with well-developed infrastructure and services. The first change that can be noticed is the deforestation of a huge area. A lot of trees have been cut down to the north of the Main Road in the purpose of building a Golf field. Moreover, In 2006 there were only some small bungalows on the other side of the road, but they all have been destroyed and replaced by a great hotel with two big swimming pools in the surroundings. Besides, a new parking place has been organized next to the hotel. Another striking change is that instead of a narrow path that led from bungalows to the beach in 2006, some roads connecting the hotel with the beach and other buildings have been constructed. Furthermore, an old tiny cafe has been knocked down to make way for a huge modern restaurant on the coastline of the resort. A completely new fitness centre has been built to the east of the restaurant, where a sports ground was situated some years ago. It is not only the hotel area that has been completely changed. The coastline has also undergone noticeable transformations. The beach which spreads from the west to east along the resort used to be an empty place without any sorts of equipment or entertainment, except a small boat station. Since 2006, it has been equipped with umbrellas and sun loungers and a bar was opened on the east side of the beach. In addition, setting of an ice­ cream stand near the bar also took place some time ago. A final noticeable change is the reconstruction of the boat station into a marina to the east of the beach.  

EPISODE 2 Present Perfect Passive/ Past Perfect Passive

When you are given two maps illustrating some place in the past and present time, you should be ready to use Present perfect passive in your report. What does this grammar construction help you to explain? Well, with the help of it you can tell about the present result of an action that happened somewhere in the past (it doesn’t matter when).

Compare two sentences:

  1. A completely new fitness centre was built to the east from the Restaurant in 2006. Here Past simple passive is used because action happened at a definite time in the past and is finished.
  2. A completely new fitness centre has been built to the east of the restaurant. Here present perfect passive is used because the time in the past is not important, but we speak about the result of the action.

Tense structure

Present perfect passive is formed by have/has + been +Past Participle of a verb (Verb+ed or the third form of the irregular verb)

Past perfect passive.

If you are asked to give the description of two maps illustrating some area in two different times in the past, you should be ready to use Past perfect passive. This tense will help you to tell about actions that happened in the past and had ended by a particular time in the past.

Compare two sentences:

  1. The parking was organised in the town between 2000 and 2006. Here we use Past simple passive to show that action took place in the past.
  2. The parking had been organised in the town by 2006. Here we use past perfect passive to show that the action was completed by the specific time in the past.

Structure

Past Perfect Passive can be formed by: had + been + Past Participle (V+ed/or the third form of the irregular verb)

Task Fill in the gaps by choosing the correct form of the verb in brackets (Present perfect passive/past simple/Past perfect passive).

Since 2008, the small town of Northington _______________completely. (redevelop) In 2008 it, _____________ (be) a lovely and quiet place with beautiful green parks and two ­storeyed buildings, but between 2008 and 2010 a lot of these houses and parks _______________ (demolish) to make way for huge skyscrapers and new shopping centres which ______________ (build) by the end of 2014. In that year it ________________(decide) by the government to change the road system completely. Since then and until now, a lot of new roads _______________ (construct), so that now Northington transport network is considered to be the best one in the district.

Cut down, destroy, deforest, demolish, construct, reconstruct, remove, build, rebuild, take place, replace by, make way for, transform, turn into, change, develop, undergo transformation, undergo changes, engineer, create, organise, place, situate, open, urbanize, make into, industrialize, convert, enlarge, extend, expand, lengthen, shorten, reduce, increase, knock down, erect, introduce, modernize, pull down, redevelop, urbanize.

NB! The following phrases below cannot be used in the passive voice:

take place, make way for, undergo transformation, undergo changes, become, change

 

Make bigger Make smaller destroy add smth new, build change into smth else general statements about changes
enlarge   decrease demolish construct convert industrialize

EPISODE 6 Task

Rewrite the following sentences by changing the form of a word or a phrase in bold and compare with sample answer.

  1. The trees on the South bank of the river have been completely cut down.
  2. The park in the centre of the city has been replaced with a huge shopping centre.
  3. Old two-storeyed shops to the North of the city have been fully modernized.
  4. The railway has been significantly lengthened to the West of the city.
  5. The airport on the edge of the city has been measurably extended so that now there are two new cargo terminals there.
  6. The old sports ground has been changed, and now there is a modern open­air fitness centre there

EPISODE 1

One of the possible questions in IELTS Writing Task 1 is Maps’ description. Usually, there are two maps of the same territory in different periods of time. It can be two maps of an area plan of a city, town or a village in past or present time periods. In this task, you should describe the changes of the territory presented on the maps. Timing The minimum number of words in your description is 150 words. You can write more, but remember that you should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task. So, the preferable size of your piece of writing is approximately 170­ - 190 words.

Structure

A good map description consists of two parts:
● Introduction (1 or 2 sentences with paraphrasing the question)

- short­ overview of the description - Make two general statements about the map. You should describe the maps generally and write about the most noticeable differences between the two maps. You could ask yourself the following questions to identify general changes. Is the map more or less residential? Is there more or less countryside? Are there more or less trees? Were the changes dramatic or negligible? Were there any major improvements in infrastructure? How have the buildings and leisure facilities changed?) ● The main body (with a full description of changes, usually consists of 2 paragraphs)
NB: Remember, you shouldn't write any conclusions, predictions, or your opinion in your report. Describe only the facts.

Sample task Read the sample essay below based on the map above and answer the questions by choosing the correct option.

 

The maps above illustrate the changes in the Indian resort Mali from 2006 to 2016. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

 

 



 

Sample Essay: The given maps demonstrate the most significant changes which took place in the Mali Indian resort, over a decade between 2006 and 2016. All in all, since 2006 Mali has been turned into a much more convenient and luxury holiday destination with well-developed infrastructure and services. The first change that can be noticed is the deforestation of a huge area. A lot of trees have been cut down to the north of the Main Road in the purpose of building a Golf field. Moreover, In 2006 there were only some small bungalows on the other side of the road, but they all have been destroyed and replaced by a great hotel with two big swimming pools in the surroundings. Besides, a new parking place has been organized next to the hotel. Another striking change is that instead of a narrow path that led from bungalows to the beach in 2006, some roads connecting the hotel with the beach and other buildings have been constructed. Furthermore, an old tiny cafe has been knocked down to make way for a huge modern restaurant on the coastline of the resort. A completely new fitness centre has been built to the east of the restaurant, where a sports ground was situated some years ago. It is not only the hotel area that has been completely changed. The coastline has also undergone noticeable transformations. The beach which spreads from the west to east along the resort used to be an empty place without any sorts of equipment or entertainment, except a small boat station. Since 2006, it has been equipped with umbrellas and sun loungers and a bar was opened on the east side of the beach. In addition, setting of an ice­ cream stand near the bar also took place some time ago. A final noticeable change is the reconstruction of the boat station into a marina to the east of the beach.  

EPISODE 2 Present Perfect Passive/ Past Perfect Passive

When you are given two maps illustrating some place in the past and present time, you should be ready to use Present perfect passive in your report. What does this grammar construction help you to explain? Well, with the help of it you can tell about the present result of an action that happened somewhere in the past (it doesn’t matter when).

Compare two sentences:

  1. A completely new fitness centre was built to the east from the Restaurant in 2006. Here Past simple passive is used because action happened at a definite time in the past and is finished.
  2. A completely new fitness centre has been built to the east of the restaurant. Here present perfect passive is used because the time in the past is not important, but we speak about the result of the action.

Tense structure

Present perfect passive is formed by have/has + been +Past Participle of a verb (Verb+ed or the third form of the irregular verb)

Past perfect passive.

If you are asked to give the description of two maps illustrating some area in two different times in the past, you should be ready to use Past perfect passive. This tense will help you to tell about actions that happened in the past and had ended by a particular time in the past.

Compare two sentences:

  1. The parking was organised in the town between 2000 and 2006. Here we use Past simple passive to show that action took place in the past.
  2. The parking had been organised in the town by 2006. Here we use past perfect passive to show that the action was completed by the specific time in the past.

Structure

Past Perfect Passive can be formed by: had + been + Past Participle (V+ed/or the third form of the irregular verb)

Task Fill in the gaps by choosing the correct form of the verb in brackets (Present perfect passive/past simple/Past perfect passive).

Since 2008, the small town of Northington _______________completely. (redevelop) In 2008 it, _____________ (be) a lovely and quiet place with beautiful green parks and two ­storeyed buildings, but between 2008 and 2010 a lot of these houses and parks _______________ (demolish) to make way for huge skyscrapers and new shopping centres which ______________ (build) by the end of 2014. In that year it ________________(decide) by the government to change the road system completely. Since then and until now, a lot of new roads _______________ (construct), so that now Northington transport network is considered to be the best one in the district.







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