The Birth of Bhauma and His Worship

1. I desire to hear correctly about the birth of Lohitanga (i.e. Mars), joy (due to it) among the people, his power, grandeur and lustre. I

2-4. Kujata (lit. born of the Earth i.e. Mars) is a deity born from the portion of Hara and is the Earth's son. He is good and is endowed with vitality, is brave and powerful on the earth. The divine planet is sharp, cruel, of a reddish body and powerful. He is young, handsome, and he, the lord, is of the nature of a stroke of lightning. He has baked (i.e. tormented) the demons, the eaters of corpses and the enemies of gods and men, plants, beasts and birds according to his position (at their birth). Vaisampayana said:

5-6. How was he born from Shiva? How was he born as the son of the Earth? How is this divine planet (so) cruel? I desire to know this. How can he always be propitiated in all the worlds? O preceptor, tell me, who have faith in you; (I want to hear it) from (your) mouth. There is no doubt about it. Vyasa said:

7. In the family of Hiranyaksa, was born an intelligent demon, the destroyer of the gods, Andhaka by name and the king of the demons.

8. Due to Vishnu's boon only he became as valorous as Vishnu (himself). He himself vanquished one by one, all gods, enjoyers of sacrifices, like Indra and others.

9-10a. Then gods, having gone to Brahma, said these words: "He has snatched away our kingdom, happiness and sacrifices. So please tell us the means of killing him; (please) do it."

10b-14a. Then Brahma said (these words to the gods): "There is no means of his death, due to (his having obtained) a boon from Vishnu and due to his having drunk nectar. But I shall fashion Sraddha (i.e. faith) accompanied by Kama (i.e. desire) so that nis status as a demon would be disgraced. Also Vicikitsa (i.e. Error) will surpass all women. His mind is not fixed except on ParvatI (Goddess) Durga. Then the lord of the world (i.e. Shiva), being angry, would deform him. Then giving up his demon-hood, he will be his attendant."

14b-15a. Saying so, the lord of the beings sent to him Sraddha with Kama, Vicikitsa (i.e. Error), Maya (his magical power).

15b-16. Then, moving foolishly due to passion and intent upon finding a woman, he, due to (being influenced by) Error, did not notice (the difference between) his wife and other women. Then instigated by Maya, he wandered in the three worlds

17-18a. On the surface of the Himalaya, he saw an extremely beautiful gem of a woman (viz. Parvati). Seeing Parvati, the demon went under the influence of passion. Due to the loss of his understanding, he then desired to seize Durga (i.e. Parvati).

18b-20a. Uma (i.e. Parvati) had taken the form of Kotavi1 (i.e. her naked form), and remained near the lord. He, the best demon, interested in seizing her bping stupid due to passion and with his mind disturbed, didnotgiveup (pursuing) Parvati, the mother.

20b-21. Then as a result of (her) meditation, her husband came there and met Parvati. Seeing him the lord of the demons went to his own abode. He made his soldiers ready and was eager to conquer Shiva.

22-23. He, the insensible one, (was), due to infatuation brought about by passion (eager) to take Parvati. Hearing this the gods, urged by Nandin, went to him, fought a fierce fight, fearful to the world. The preceptor of the demons brought back to life, the demons that died in the war.

24-26. All communicated this news (to Shiva) on Kailasa. Then angrily Shiva said (these) words to Nandin: "O hero, at my behest, quickly go the abode of the demons, and in the assembly of the demon-king, and seizing forcibly that wicked Shukra2 (the preceptor of the demons) with his hair, even when all the demons are watching, bring him, overcome with fear, to ine in a moment".

2. Bhargava — Name of Shukra, regent of planet Venus and preceptor of the Asuras.

27. Then that glorious lordly Nandin, urged by the lord of Parvati, seized that Shukra with his hair (and brought him) with force from the presence of the demons.

28. The demons struck him (i.e. Nandin) who was bringing Shukra, with weapons and arrows. They were not able to hurt the mighty Nandin.

29. Nandin, seizing him with his hair, and being glad, came with him in front of Shiva in the presence of gods.

30. Shiva, the lord, of a formidable form, and resembling death, angrily seized the preceptor of the demons, and swallowed him.

31. Then the angry and mighty lord of demons, surrounded by his entire army, ran there to Shiva with fierce weapons etc.

32. The angry gods and the Vidyadharas went (there) with great rage to fight with the demons.

33. In the meanwhile a terrible and fierce battle took place between the gods and demons which caused fear to all the worlds.

34. In the great war, the gods struck the demons with trusted weapons. The demons (also) struck the gods.

35. Desiring to conquer one another, they pierced (one another) with golden arrows resembling the thunderbolt and having jewels attached to their feathered parts.

36b-37a. The best gods, the brave sons of Kasyapa, struck with their stocks of unfailing missiles the demons and knocked them down.

37b-38a. In a moment all the gods destroyed with trusted weapons the great army of the demons that had pervaded the world and that was well covered over with power and weapons.

38b-39. The demon though raised for a long time, on (i.e. by) his trident, with great effort by Shiva himself did not perish. Then that Andhaka, of an humble mind, was made (by Shiva) his attendant named Bhrngiriti, O brahmana.

40. Then speaking to the gods, Shiva vomitted Shukra. The foetus fell down on the ground, so he was known as Bhauma.

41. Shukra, having spoken to Shiva, gladly went to the demons. Thus Bhauma (i.e. Mars) isboin as a portion of Shiva and from the Earth (also).

42. His worship should be done by those of pious vows on the fourth day (falling) on Tuesday, when his position at birth is not favourable, when he passes from one to another zodiacal sign, or has entered an undesirable zodiacial sign.

43-44a. Bhauma, with his figure drawn in a triangle or a circle, and being worshipped with red flowers and anointments, gives knowledge and wealth, sons, happiness and glory. What again do you want to hear? Vyasa said:

44b-46a. O disciples, I have told this religious account (of the vow) bringing about auspicious (fruits), hearing which a man is neither reborn nor does he die. It gives merit to the brahmanas and should be practised by those who desire auspicious things. After being blessed go happily by my command. Brahma said:

46b-48. O son, having thus narrated, revered Vyasa, the son of Satyavati, giving his verdict about piety, left. O child, knowing the truth devoutly enjoy as you like by gladly singing (the glory of) Hari and advising people about right conduct and pleasing the lord of the worlds. Pulastya said:

49. O king, Narada, who was thus told, went to see the best sage Narayana (i.e. Vishnu) in the hermitage of Badarika.

1. I have heard about the worship of the Sun, the Moon and that of Mars also. (Please) now tell (me) about the worship of Budha (i.e Mercury), the son of Soma (i.e. the Moon). Pulastya said:

2. Budha or Saumya, the son of Candra (i.e. the Moon) and born from the womb of Tara should be known as a cruel planet, giving auspicious and inauspicious things to men.

3. The orb of Budha is said to be arrow-shaped. One should fashion the circle, the powders having colours like green gems.

4-5. There he should worship him with sandal etc., flowers and lovely incense. He should also make presents according to the rules when he is unfavourable at the time of birth or while passing to another zodiacal sign. He should also give camphor, kidney beans, green piece of cloth, gems, and gold according to his capacity to please Bodhana.

6. (He should recite the hymn:) 'O son of Soma (i.e. the Moon), O you very intelligent one, O you who have mastered Vedas and Vedangas, O you who remain among the planets, be always pleased with me.'

7. O great king, thus praising Budha, and being absorbed in devotion to him, one would satisfy all one's desires by the favour of the son of Soma (Budha or Mercury).

8. The worship of Guru (i.e. Jupiter) is prescribed on a circle on a slab (drawn with) very lovely powders of yellow colour effected well, O king.

9. He should worship him with yellow, fragrant flowers, pieces of cloth and gold. When he is unfavourable at the time of (one's) birth or badly placed while passing to another zodiacal sign, a man should give gifts according to his capacity.

10. For the removal of evils he should give to a brahmana two-portioned grams, yellow garment, and gold and (the gem) pusyaraga.

11. (He should recite the hymn:) 'O Brihaspati, O preceptor of gods, O you well-versed in all branches of knowledge be pleased with this present and now be soft towards me.'

12. O lord of kings, when this is done, Guru (i.e. Jupiter) becomes favourable (to the man). A man has all his desires fulfilled by worshipping Guru.

13. O king, I shall now tell you (the procedure of) the worship of Bhargava (or Shukra, i.e. Venus), by following which all the desires of men are properly satisfied.

14. The circle (i.e. the figure) for Shukra is said to be fiveangled fashioned duly by a very intelligent person with white powders.

15. A man, full of faith, should devoutly worship Shukra with white sandal, (white) flowers and pieces of white cloth.

16. The present of silver according to one's capacity is also recommended. If the planet is unfavourable at the time of one's birth or when passing from a zodiacal sign, one should present a white horse (to a brahmana).

17. Rice, white garment, silver, sandal, fragrant camphor should be given as gift to a brahmana.

18. (He should recite the hymn:) 'O son of Bhrigu, O magnanimous one, O priest of the demons, O you worshipped by all demons, be pleased with this gift.'

19. Reciting this sacred hymn one should give the presents as mentioned. O you descendant of Kuru, Shukra is quickly pleased with him.

20-21a. For the worship of Sanaiscara (i.e. Saturn) one should draw a circle (i.e. figure) resembling a human figure, with black powders and there should devoutly worship (the planet) with black sandal, (black) flowers, pieces of cloth of that kind (i.e. of black colour).

21b-22. Iron and (other; gifts should be given, also oil cakes and Sheshamum. The piesent for Saturn being unfavourable is a black cow and a black garment. One should also give according to one's capacity gold and sapphire.

23. (One should recite the hymn:) 'O Sun's son, O glorious one, O son of Chaya1, O you very mighty one, O you having a downward look, O Sani, be pleased by means of these presents made by me.'

24. He, who, having thus devoutly pleased Sani would give the presents to a brahmana, has Sani favourable to him if he was unfavourable at his birth and while passing to other zodiacal sign.

25. In the case of the worship of Rahu, the colour (of the objects) should be the same as in the case of Sani. It is recommended that the circle should be like the shape of the Sun and the worship (-procedure) would be the same like that in the case of the Sun's son (i.e. Sani).

26. The presents (in honour) of Rahu are said to be gomeda,2 mustard, Sheshamum, black beans, a buffalo, and a goat.

27. (He should recite the hymn:) 'O son of Simhika, O lord of demons, O you who torment the Moon and the Sun, O you of a good vow, be pleased with this present, O you glorious one.'

28. One should draw a very lovely, flag-shaped, circle (i.e. figure) (for the worship) of Ketu. O king, the procedure of his worship and the colour of the objects presented should be known to be like that of Sani and the like.

29-30a. The present for Ketu is said to be the seven (kinds of) grains and gold. O king, if this is done, the two (i.e. Rahu and Ketu) would be favourable to men, and would give wealth, sons, happiness and good fortune.

30b-32. The sacred hymn for Ravi i.e. the Sun is 'AKrishna.' For the Moon it is 'Imam devah...' For Mars it is 'Agnimurdha' for muttering and also for worship. The hymn for Budha (i.e. Mercury) is 'Udbudhyasva...' and for Guru (i.e. Jupiter) is 'Brhaspate...'. For Shukra (i.e. Venus) it is 'Annat pari...'; for Sani (i.e. Saturn) it is 'Sanno devl..'; for Rahu it is 'Kaya nah...' and for Ketu it is said to be 'Ketum..'.

1. Chayaputra — Chaya is the name of a wife of the Sun. She was but a shadow or likeness of Samjfia, the wife of the Sun. Samjfia on one occasion wished to go to her father's house and asked her husband's permission; but he did not grant it. Determined to carry out her purpose, she created, by means of her superhuman power, a woman exactly like herself, who was, as it were, her own shadow and was therefore called Chaya. She bore to the Sun three children — Savarni, Sani and a daughter Tapati.

2. Gomeda — A gem brought from the Himalaya and Indus, described as of four different colours — white, pale-yellow, red and dark-blue.

33-34a These hymns are intended at the time of worshipping or muttering prayers. O best among men, when this is done, all planets, always become favourable to men and give them ample wealth.

34b-35. O great king, I have in due order told you everything. Hearing it — the essence of the meaning of all scriptures — a man reaches the presence of god. This is pure, it is the treasure of glory, it would be very dear to the manes.

36-38a. It leads to immortality among gods; it gives religious merit (even) to sinful men. He who recites this (account) leading to glory, he who devoutly listens to this or sees the worship of the enemy of Madhu, Mura and Naraka, he who gives the idea (about this) to people, is honoured for one kalpa in the heaven of Indra by Brahma, Shiva and other lords of gods. He who everyday listens to this auspicious practice of sages, is free from all sins and is honoured in heaven.

38b-39. The (wise) recommend penance in Krta (-yuga); they recommend knowledge in Treta; they say sacrifice (is important) in Dvapara; and they recommend giving gifts alone in Kaliyuga. Of all the gifts this one viz. making all beings fearless is the best.

40-41. There is no greater gift than it. The revered lord said that for a shudra the most important (thing) is giving a gift. By giving a gift all his desires are satisfied, and (merit due to) penance arises for him; it is auspicious, sacred, (giving a long) life, and destroys all sins.

42-43a. Here old accounts are narrated; descriptions of sacred places and sraddha are given. The man, who listens to or would recite it becomes rich. Being free from all sins, he would obtain (i.e. reach) Vishnu with Lakshmi.

43b-45. O great king, I have narrated to you this Purana which is auspicious and which destroys great sins. This is very much honoured by Brahma, Arka (i.e. the Sun) and Rudra, and the wise say that it should be listended to. O prince, I have narrated this Srstikhanda to you. It forms the beginning of the Purana. This first or Pauskara Parvan (describes) the nine kinds of creation. A learned man who would recite this to brahmanas or would listen to or recite this, would be happy in Brahma's world for a full hundred crores of kalpas.

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