Виберіть вірний переклад для словосполучень.

2. Підберіть антоніми до наведених слів із тексту індивідуального завдання.

Beneficial, top, unite, solidify.

3. Вивчить контекстуальні синоніми та, використовуючи їх, перефразуйте ті частини тексту, які виділено.

fire bricks, refractory bricks – вогнетривка цегла;

gases used, gases utilized; gases applied – гази, які використовують;

to blow air, to introduce air – вводити повітря;

interval, distance – відстань;

actually, in fact – фактично;

in operation, in work – під час роботи;

coke, fuel – кокс, паливо;

limestone, flux – вапняк, флюс;

iron oxide, iron-bearing part – оксид заліза, та частина шихти, яка містить залізо;

unite, react, combine – поєднуватися;

passes up through, goes upwardly through –підійматися;

along with, together with – разом з;

the molten metal is removed, tapped, discharged – розплавлений метал випускають;

the slag is removed, drawn off, run off – скачувати шлак;

the blast furnace goes into operation, is started up, is blown in – запускати піч;

the furnace is blown out, is shut down – задувати піч.

Обґрунтуйте на англійській мові ці висловлювання.

Carbon has a marked effect upon steel.

Pig iron is used for steel production.

Використовуючи наведені фрази погодьтеся або зробить заперечення до цих висловлювань.

a) Pig iron consists of iron, carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorous, and sulphur.

b) The blast furnace is a steel shell with tuyeres to introduce hot gas into the charge.

c) The preheating of the air in the furnace is accomplished in three or four stoves.

d) The chemical reactions occurring in the furnace are those of reduction and oxidation.

e) The limestone dissociates in the furnace into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

f) The pig iron from the furnace is cast into molds.

Ознайомтесь з лексичним значенням слів “smelt”, “melt”, зробить вправу, доповнюючи речення цими словами.

a) Оnly since the seventeenth century, has coal been for …ing iron.

b) Cast irons have low ….ing temperatures.

c) Combustion of fuels is also employed for such operations as … ing for casting and heat-treatment.

d) The first process in the reduction of an iron ore is smelting in a blast furnace.

e) The smelting operation does this and at the same time separates the gangue from the iron.

f) The carbon is present in the pig iron because of the contact between the liquid iron and the coke during smelting operation.

Перекладіть на англійську мову словосполучення.

Використовувати для виробництва сталі; мати значний вплив на метал; розглядати як важливу складова; зустрічатися в значній кількості; приблизно 10 метрів завширшки; розтошовувати з інтервалами навколо печі; прохід для видалення газів, які формуються в печі; газ з верхньої частини печі; отримувати задану температуру; пропускати холодне повітря в зворотньому напряму.

Прочитайте речення та їх переклади. Які методики використано для перекладу підмета (за підручником В. І. Карабана. Переклад англійської наукової і технічної літератури. – Вінниця «Нова книга»: 2004 – стр.575)?

Прочитайте речення та їх переклади. Які методики використано для перекладу присудка (за підручником В. І. Карабана. Переклад англійської наукової і технічної літератури. – Вінниця «Нова книга»: 2004 – стр.575)?

Підберіть тексти про доменне виробництво на рідній мові, ознайомтесь з ними та зробить повний письмовий переклад тексту індивідуального завдання.

Індивідуальне завдання до змістового модуля 5

Переклад лексичних одиниць

Electric Arc Furnace

EAFs are used to produce special quality steels (steels alloyed with other metals) and some ordinary (non-alloy) quality steels – the lighter long products such as those used for reinforcing concrete.

Unlike the basic oxygen route, the EAF does not use hot metal. It is charged with "cold" material. This is normally steel scrap (recycled goods made from steel which have reached the end of their useful life). Other forms of raw materials are however available. They have been produced from iron ore. These include direct reduced iron (DRI) and iron carbide, as well as pig iron, which is iron from a blast furnace. It has been cast and allowed to go cold, instead of being charged straight into a basic oxygen vessel.

Steel scrap (or other ferrous material) is first charged into the EAF from an overhead crane. A lid is then swung into position over the furnace. This lid contains electrodes which are lowered into the furnace. An electric current passes through the electrodes to form an arc. The heat generated by this arc melts the scrap. The electricity needed for this process is enough to power a town with a population of 100,000 people.

During the melting process, other metals (ferro-alloys) are added to the steel to give it the required chemical composition. As with the basic oxygen process, oxygen is blown into the furnace to purify the steel, lime and fluorspar are added to combine with the impurities and form slag

After samples have been taken to check the chemical composition of the steel, the furnace is tilted to allow the slag, which is floating on the surface of the molten steel, to be poured off. The furnace is then tilted in the other direction and the molten steel poured (tapped) into a ladle, where it either undergoes secondary steelmaking or it transported to the caster.

The modern electric arc furnace typically makes 150 tonnes in each heat, which takes around 90 minutes.

A vast range of special quality steels is made in electric arc furnaces by adding other metals to form steel alloys. The most commonly-known of these is stainless steel, which has chromium and nickel added to form a corrosion-resistant steel.

Types of Steels

– What types of steels do you know?

– Excuse me, but your question sounds too general. According to their chemical composition, all steels are divided into carbon steels and alloy steels; according to their properties, into stainless steels, heat-resistant steel, high-resistant steels, and many others; and according to their use, into structural steels and tool steels. What exactly interests you?

– Chemical composition.

– You see, the quantity of carbon in steel decides the properties and uses to which the steel can be put. The important point to remember is that carbon will not be present as elemented carbon but combined with iron as cementite. The more cementite is present in steel, the more brittle and harder the steel becomes. Well, the plain carbon steels can be divided into the following groups: (1) dead mild steel (carbon up to 0.1%) used for hot and cold rolled strip, nails, etc., (2) mild steel (C 0.1 – 0.25%) used as structural steel, (3) medium carbon steel (C 0.25 – 0.6%) used for crankshafts, gears, rails, etc., (4) high carbon steel (C 0.6 – 0.85%) used for laminated springs, hammer heads, etc., and (5) tool steel (C 0.85 – 1.4%) used for springs, knives, drills, etc. Thus the user can choose between softness and ductility of a mild steel and the hardness and brittleness of a tool steel, with a medium carbon steel as a good compromise.

– And what about alloy steels? What alloying elements do they contain?

– Nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, and manganese. There are some advantages which alloy steels possess compared with plain carbon steels. They are: (1) increased strength without loss of toughness, (2) increased hardness combined with toughness, (3) increased life under alternating stresses, (4) less reduction in strength at elevated temperatures, and others.

The important point to remember is that carbon will not be present as elemented carbon but combined with iron as cementite. They are: (1) increased strength without loss of toughness, (2) increased hardness combined with toughness, (3) increased life under alternating stresses, (4) less reduction in strength at elevated temperatures, and others.

ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ, КОГДА МЫ ССОРИМСЯ Не понимая различий, существующих между мужчинами и женщинами, очень легко довести дело до ссоры...

Что делать, если нет взаимности? А теперь спустимся с небес на землю. Приземлились? Продолжаем разговор...

Что вызывает тренды на фондовых и товарных рынках Объяснение теории грузового поезда Первые 17 лет моих рыночных исследований сводились к попыткам вычис­лить, когда этот...

ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...

Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте: