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American Universities and CollegesHigher education in the United States includes educational programmes which usually require for admission 12 years of elementary and secondary schooling. It is carried on under a number of forms. The most common type of higher education is the college. It requires for admission graduation from a standard secondary school; its four-year curriculum leads to the bachelor's degree in arts and sciences. The American college is known by various titles such as the college of liberal arts, the college of arts and sciences, the college of literature, science and arts. The college may be the central unit around which the university is organized, or it may be a separate corporate entity, independent from the University. The university in the United States is an educational institution comprising a college of liberal arts and sciences, a professional school leading to a professional degree and a graduate college (school). A graduate college provides programmes for study and research beyond the levels of the bachelor's and first professional degree. The word «university», however, is also used in a broader sense, for almost any type of educational institution offering instruction beyond the level of the secondary school. Thus in the United States there is some confusion in the use of the terms «college» and «university». Some institutions that are in fact colleges of liberal arts have been incorporated in the universities. Some institutions incorporated in colleges are in fact universities with graduate and professional schools. In addition to colleges and universities there is a large number of professional schools, separate from universities. They provide preparation in one or more professional fields, such as law, music or theology. Junior colleges or professional schools do not offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree. An institute of technology is a degree-granting institution that specializes in science and technology; some of them have graduate study. An institution offering programs of technological study only at the junior college level is known as a technical institution. The colleges in the United States differ greatly in size - they may include from 100 to 5,000 students and more. Most of the larger institutions fall into the category of universities, the largest being University of California, State University of New York, New York University, Columbia University and others.
Topical Vocabulary
higher education – высшее образование an educational program - образовательная программа to require for admission - требовать при поступлении elementary and secondary schooling - начальное и среднее образование to be carried on - осуществляться a college - колледж graduation from a standard secondary school - окончание средней школы a curriculum - программа to lead to smth. – приводить к чему-либо the bachelor's degree in arts and sciences – степень бакалавра гуманитарных и технических наук to be the central unit – быть центральным звеном a separate corporate entity – отдельная составная единица an educational institution - образовательное учреждение to comprise smth. – включать что-либо (в состав) a college of liberal arts and sciences – колледж свободных искусств и наук a professional school – профессиональный колледж a professional degree – профессиональная степень a graduate college (school) - аспирантура to provide a program for study and research – предоставлять программу обучения и исследования beyond the level of smth. – выше уровня чего-либо to offer instruction – давать образование to be incorporated in a university – быть включенным в университет to be separate from a university – быть независимым от университета to provide preparation in a professional field - давать подготовку в профессиональной области a junior college – первая ступень колледжа an institute of technology - технический институт a degree-granting institution – учебное заведение, присваивающее степень a technical institution – технический колледж to include smth. – включать что-либо (в состав) to fall into the category of – попадать в определенную категорию
Answer the questions:
1. What do higher education institutions in the USA require for admission? 2. What degree does a college lead to? 3. What sense is the word «college» used in? 4. What kind of educational institution is the University? 5. What sense is the word «university» used in? 6. What kind of preparation do professional schools provide? 7. What is an institute of technology? 8. What is the size of colleges and universities in America? Translate into English:
1. Для поступления в университет или колледж в Америке необходимо закончить среднюю школу. 2. В США существует несколько типов вузов: колледж, университет, профессиональный колледж и др. 3. Университет обычно состоит из колледжа гуманитарных и естественных наук, профессионального отделения и аспирантуры. 4. После 4 лет в университете студент получает степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук. 5. Аспирантура предлагает программы выше уровня степени бакалавра и первой профессиональной степени, 6. Университет может иметь колледж в своем составе; колледж может входить в университет или быть самостоятельной единицей. 7. Профессиональный колледж - это учебное заведение, существующее отдельно от университета. 8. Колледжи и университеты предлагают программы, после прохождения которых присваивается степень бакалавра. 9. Технические институты также присваивают степени и часто предлагают курс аспирантуры.
The university I study at I am a first (second) year student of the Ufa Oil University. It is one of the major centrеs for training engineers. The University was founded in 1948. As many as 10,000 students study here. The students body and the teaching staff are increasing from year to year. A great number of teachers are Doctors and Masters of Science. The University provides full-time and part-time tuition (education). Part-time tuition is provided by the evening and extramural departments. Part-time tuition runs for six years. Full-time students are awarded scholarships (get stipends). There are five departments (faculties), each headed by the dean: the Faculty of Automation, the Mechanical Faculty, the Faculty of Economics, the Nature Protection Faculty and the Technological Faculty. The academic year is divided into 2 terms. At the end of each term the students take their examinations and tests. The students have at their disposal modern laboratories, well-equipped workshops, a large well-stocked library and a reading hall. Readers can borrow books on special subjects, Russian and foreign publications and fiction. There is a large hostel for the students who are not permanent residents. The University is in close connection with oil fields and other industrial enterprises of our country. After graduating from the University the students work at research institutes, pipe-lines, construction sites, oil refineries and other places.
Topical Vocabulary a first-year student – первокурсник a second -year student – второкурсник training – подготовка the teaching staff – преподавательский штат to provide – обеспечить tuition – обучение extramural department – заочное отделение part-time tuition – неполная форма обучения to be awarded scholarship – получать стипендию term – семестр to have at their disposal – иметь в своем распоряжении well-equipped workshops – хорошо оборудованные мастерские to borrow – брать взаймы, одолжить fiction – художественная литература permanent residents – постоянные жители to be in close connection – быть в тесной связи oil field – нефтяное месторождение enterprise – предприятие research institute – научно-исследовательский институт pipe-line – трубопровод соnstruction site – строительная площадка oil refinery – нефтеперерабатываюәий завод
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Translate into English:
My Specialty
My specialty is "Automation of Technological Processes and Productions". It is one of the most progressive specialties in our time. Our University trains highly-skilled specialists in this field. It trains specialists with a wide theoretical and practical outlook. "Automation" is a word coined in the 1940s to describe processes by which machines do tasks previously performed by people. Industrial production of some goods is needing in high-accurate processes of manufacturing, assembling etc. The hands of most experienced jeweller can't do this work. And here we are to use machines, which with their manipulators can create wonders. And when do we remember about industries with hazards for life of a man, for instance chemical or atomic? If we want to have in the future a healthy humanity on our planet, we must use machines. Moreover, due to machines we can increase the quality by the reduction of price. The automation of the industry is vital in our time. The higher school has a specific task to train engineers of a new type who would combine fundamental knowledge with a high professional level and practical training in the specific field of the national economics.
Topical Vocabulary production – производство highly-skilled – высококвалифицированный outlook – кругозор to coin – придумывать previously – ранее, предварительно to perform – выполнять high-accurate – высокоточный manufacturing – производство assеmbling – сборка experienced – опытный jeweler – ювелир to create – создавать wonder – чудо hazard – риск, опасность healthy – здоровый to increase – увеличить reduction – снижение, сокращение vital – жизненно важный Answer the questions:
Translate into English: 1. Наш университет готовит высококвалифицированных специалистов в этой области. 2. Он готовит специалистов с широким теоретическим и практическим взглядом. 3. Промышленное производство некоторых товаров нуждается в высокоточном процессе производства, сборки. 4. Машины могут создавать чудеса. 5. Благодаря машинам мы можем увеличить качество товара, снижая его цену.
From the times I was a pupil I got interested in precise sciences and most of all in physics and mathematics. My teachers recommended me the right books to read and supplied me with different bits of equipment to set up my own experiments, let alone the participation in different Olympiads in physics and mathematics. Later on I got interested in engineering and after leaving school I firmly decided to enter the faculty of general engineering of the Ufa Oil University and become an engineer. Now I am a first-year student of the mechanical department. Our University is one of the major centres for training engineers for different branches ofour industry. In five years I shall graduate from the University and shall become a mechanical engineer. I like my future specialty and study with great interest. During the first two years we are taught general subjects, such as, physics, mathematics, strength of materials, theoretical mechanics, English. In a year we shall begin specializing in one or another field we like best. I am deeply interested in engineering. Engineering demands a sound training in general sciences particularly in physics, mathematics and chemistry. So I work hard. At the last examination session I passed all my exams with good marks. A friend of mine is also interested in engineering and looking forward to become a mechanical engineer. It is our future specialty. Our work will deal with design, construction and operation ofstructures, machines, engines and other devices used in industry and everyday life. Be the way my friend is very good at English and often helps me with it since I'm only a beginner.
Topical Vocabulary precise sciences – точные науки to supply – снабжать to decide firmly – твердо решить to enter – поступить branch – отрасль sound training – тщательная подготовка to look forward – ожидать с нетерпением to deal with – иметь дело с чем-либо device – прибор every day life – повседневная жизнь
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Translate into English:
  Что делать, если нет взаимности? А теперь спустимся с небес на землю. Приземлились? Продолжаем разговор...  Что делает отдел по эксплуатации и сопровождению ИС? Отвечает за сохранность данных (расписания копирования, копирование и пр.)...  ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ ВО ВЗРОСЛОЙ ЖИЗНИ? Если вы все еще «неправильно» связаны с матерью, вы избегаете отделения и независимого взрослого существования...  Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
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