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КАТЕГОРИИ

Образец выполнения упражнения № 1

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1) This scientist works at some Этот ученый работает над

problems of low temperature некоторыми проблемами

physics. физики низких температур.

low temperature physics: physics – определяемое слово;

temperature – определение к последнему слову;

low – определение к слову “temperature”.

2) My father works at a pulp Мой отец работает на целлю-

and paper mill. лозно-бумажном заводе.

pulp and paper mill: mill – определяемое слово;

pulp and paper – определение к последнему слову.

Образец выполнения упражнения № 2 (табл. 4)

1) This room is smaller than Эта комната меньше, чем та.

that one.

smaller – сравнительная степень от прилагательного “small” (маленький).

2) This is one of the most Это одна из самых интерес -

interesting books. ных книг.

the most interesting – превосходная степень от прилагательного “interesting” (интересный).

3) The longer the night Чем длиннее ночь, тем короче

the shorter the day. день.

4) Most students work well. Большинство студентов работают

хорошо.

most перед существительным имеет значение “большинство”, “большая часть”.

Образец выполнения упражнения № 3 (табл. 1, 2, 3)

1) One must do this work Нужно сделать эту работу

in time. вовремя.

one – формальное подлежащее в неопределенно-личном предложении.

2) This integrated pulp and Этот ЦБК самый большой

paper mill is the biggest one в мире.

in the world.

one – словозаменитель ранее упоминавшегося существительного “mill”. В данном случае в переводе опускается.

3) – Where is my book? – Где моя книга?

– It is on the table. – Она на столе.

it – личное местоимение. Заменяет неодушевленное существительное.

4) It was at our plant that the Именно на нашем заводе было

new equipment was tasted. проверено новое оборудование.

it – входит в состав выделительной конструкции “it is… that(which)”. Вся конструкция переводится – “именно”.

Образец выполнения упражнения № 4

1) The machine uses a mixture Машина использует смешанное

of raw materials. сырье.

uses – Present Simple active от глагола “to use” (использовать).

2) The company had developed Компания разработала новую

a new model. модель.

had developed – Past Perfect active от глагола “to develop” (разрабатывать).

3) The mill will process wood Завод станет обрабатывать дре-

more quickly. весину быстрее.

will process – Future Simple active от глагола “to process” (обрабатывать).

Образец выполнения упражнения № 5 (табл. 8)

1) He can (is able to) Он может (умеет) говорить

speak English. по-английски.

2) They had to settle Они должны были решить

this question. этот вопрос.

Вариант I

Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным (цепочка существительных) и стоящих перед определяемым существительным (левое определение).

1) This businessman buys now fine quality Indian teas and resells it to wholesalers in Britain.

2) Middle class parents with teenage children may buy this cheap computer.

Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода различных степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1) Most people no longer pay for goods with other goods, they pay with money.

2) Insurance makes commerce safer.

3) National Westminster is the largest bank in the U.K.

4) The more accurate the accounts are the better picture of the group they give.

Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода слов it, one (one’s), that, these, those в разных значениях.

1) One can avoid paying this fax by saving and not consuming.

2) Economic laws are less certain and less precise than those of the laboratory sciences.

3) It is money which is a medium of exchange.

4) A very common type of enquiry is one in which a customer asks a supplier for a special product line.

Упражнения № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив. Предложения переведите.

1) The manager enclosed the price list of his products in his letter.

2) He was working for ABC when the merger took place.

3) An increase in price usually means that production will become more profitable.

4) Up to now we have tested five applications.

5) He will have left by the time we get there.

Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Предложения переведите.

1) Your early reply would be appreciated.

2) The size of population and its geographic location are to become an important factor.

3) We are able to place substantial orders with you if your prices are competitive.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

1) An enquiry (or inquiry) is a request for information. When starting up in business, it is necessary to find out the names and addresses of potential business partners. One way of obtaining this information is to send an enquiry to one or more of the following organizations: the Chamber of Commerce, a bank, another company (if this information does not negatively affect the company’s own interests).

2) If you are looking for partners or suppliers abroad, you can write to the consulate of the foreign country in question. The consul’s tasks include representing his country’s economic interests abroad. It is also possible to write to the embassy of the foreign country. However, the task of an ambassador is mainly diplomatic and the embassy may not be able to provide as much commercial information. When you obtained the name and address of a supplier, you can send him a general enquiry asking for information about the foods he supplies, catalogues and price lists. From these you can then decide whether you want to do business with this company.

Упражнение № 7. Определите функцию многофункционального слова one в первом абзаце.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте первый абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

How can you obtain the information about the names and addresses of your potential partners?

Вариант II.

1) The container revolution really began in the USA in 1960’s.

2) Containers give a door-to-door service for exporters and importers.

1) The most usual ways to type the date in British business betters is: day, month, year.

2) The commercial banks offer a large number of services to the private customer. For business customers the number of services is even larger.

3) People use computers more and more at home. It is certain that they will go to the bank much less often.

4) The more customers the bank gets the higher profits it has.

1) One must distinguish economic facts from noneconomic.

2) Historically the most recent and the most important function of government is that of stabilizing the economy.

3) It is self-interest which causes changes in society’s wants.

4) The goods and services which can be produced at a profit will be produced, and those which can be produced at a lost will not.

Упражнения № 4. Перепишите предложения, определите в них временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитивы. Предложения переведите.

1) The manager thought that the offer was good.

2) The manager sees an advertisement in a trade journal.

3) The delivery has just now arrived.

4) She will be working on her thesis for the next three years.

5) I suggested meeting again after we had read the proposals.

1) The retailers have to study their customers and choose the way to please them.

2) Can you guarantee delivery within three weeks of receiving orders?

3) A good letter should be as long as is necessary to say what has to be said.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Advertising

1) It is quite fashionable today to be critical of advertising. In fact, business, large or small, could not exist without it. Advertising brings together people who have something that they want to sell and those, often hundreds of miles away, who wish to buy. The best product will not sell if no one knows that it is for sale! In its way advertising is as important in the world of commerce as production or distribution.

2) People have been advertising their goods for hundreds (and probably thousands) of years. Almost everyone uses it at some time or other: the large national firm with a new product which employs an advertising agency; the small shop that is going to have a January sale; the private individual who wants to sell a car or a cassette player. Any advertising agency has account directors, media planners, creative department and production department. The account director is the bridge between the client and the agency. He needs to understand the client’s special problems and to give advice. He is also the one who discusses the client’s needs with the managers from creative department and then take their ideas back to the client.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца прилагательные, укажите три степени сравнения и переведите их.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

What are the functions of an account director?

Вариант III

1) Roy Smith is a long-distance lorry driver for a road transport company.

2) The transport manager talks to the driver about the journey.

1) The most important kinds of formal letters are enquiries, offers and orders.

2) Because the shops are small, they are easier and cheaper to operate.

3) These stores were less successful.

4) The larger is the quantity which the retailer can buy from the wholesaler the lower is the price.

1) Among the companies that published their annual reports is the N.S. company.

2) The small shops are easier to operate than those of larger owners.

3) It takes a few days for the document to arrive.

4) The use of one’s resources for the production of drugs is prohibited by law.

1) As soon as we had installed the new line, productivity went up.

2) Have you chosen an advertising agency yet?

3) Changes in the rate of interest on government securities will often affect share prices.

4) Economic conditions are changing all the time.

5) They usually hold their European meeting in Paris.

1) These stores are to be closed with a great loss.

2) We would be glad to have you as our customers.

3) They can use all the information.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

What is a retailer?

1) The word “retail” comes from an old French word retailler – to “cut again”, and this describes exactly what a retailer does. He buys large quantities of goods from a wholesaler – whole cheeses, whole lambs, large bags of sugar and so on – “cuts” them into smaller quantities and resells them to the consumer at a profit.

2) A hundred years ago the traditional type of shops were small shops owned and run by one or two men and their families, full of lovely old cheeses, bacon and large bags of flour. The small corner shop still exists today, but it is no longer the most important type of shop. Shops have become bigger (and less personal). In the high street we now find self-service supermarkets and chain stores; away from the town centers, even many corner shops are “multiples” – that is, they belong to a large group of shops although they still have the old owner’s name over the door. Outside the town itself, there are hypermarkets with their large car-parks. They sell everything and their prices are often lower because they do not have to pay the high rents of the high street shops.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из второго абзаца прилагательные, укажите три степени сравнения и переведите их.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте первый абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

What does a retailer do?

Вариант IV

1) Shop layout is the key to success.

2) The travel business is a big industry now.

1) Last year their profits were higher than they are now.

2) Most British companies published their annual reports.

3) Generally the bank prefers to provide finance to smaller firms wishing to invest and expand.

4) Sometimes the more unusual projects are the more successful they become in the end.

1) One has to study the role of foreign investment in our economy.

2) The phrases written in a foreign language may have quite a different meaning from that intended.

3) It is competition which forces businesses to make appropriate decisions.

4) All kinds of services were developed, especially those for which the aim was helping people.

1) You will find our prices competitive.

2) The firm did not send the samples of its product.

3) While we were discussing cost-cutting measures, the corporation was presenting the poor results.

4) Before 5.00 he will have finished all the project.

5) Do all enterprises in a capitalist economy involve a degree of risk?

1) The economy should provide employment for all who are able to work.

2) The government has to play a legitimate role in market failure (неэффективность рыночного механизма).

3) They could sell their product at a profit.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

The travel business

1) There are more and more people in the modern world travelling for business – and pleasure – on more planes, trains, ferries and long-distance coaches than ever before; more people staying in hotels; more holiday resorts which they can visit.

2) The travel industry is a ‘big business’. Not only has travel become faster and easier; it has also become more competitive, as airlines, hotels and travel firms offer their customers all sorts of ‘cut-price’ tickets and package holidays. If he doesn’t want to pay more than is really necessary, the man-in-the-street often needs expert advice – the advice of the travel agent. He also needs someone who will book his hotel, issue his tickets, arrange insurance and perhaps hire a car for him. These are all part of the travel agent’s service. The work of the travel agent today would not be possible without the help of telephone and of course the computer. A firm using a computer can see immediately on a special screen if there are free seats on a flight or if certain hotel rooms are available.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца наречие, укажите три степени сравнения и переведите его.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

What does travel agent’s service consist of?

Вариант V

1) The manager wants to have a few days holiday.

2) There are many international car hire companies.

1) The two most important financial documents are the profit and loss account and the balance sheet.

2) Different countries lost confidence in N.S. economy and the result was higher prices and inflation in N.S.

3) The more quickly you pay back the loan the better.

1) Taxation reduces one’s income.

2) Those who benefit from good roads pay the cost of those roads.

3) It is evident that our economy faces a very fundamental choice.

4) Now retail buyers have a new buying problem, that of material shortage.

1) Both consumer who pays the retailer with a cheque and the importer who pays a foreign manufacturer with a bill of exchange use the banking system.

2) The consumer will not buy goods if he does not know about them.

3) At present we are recruiting a new sales director.

4) The distribution of industry has now become a major feature of government economic policy

5) Bank-notes first came into use in Britain during the seventeenth century.

1) Government should increase its own spending on public goods and services.

2) During a depression, some firms had to close down.

3) The shopkeeper could resell his product at a profit.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

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