Seminar 1. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation

Seminar 1. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation

3^rd year Semester 1

Grammar Problems of Translation

Seminar 1

‘Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify: 1) the main approaches of translation theories; 2) the main means, ways and methods of translation; 3) kinds of translation

Questions for discussion

1. Comment on translation as a Notion, Subject and Object of Linguistic Study.

2. Clarify the significance of translation.

3. Speak on methods of translation.

4. Identify kinds of translation.

Be ready with self-assessment test

Exercise 1

Suggest the elements of the context that clarify the meanings of the italicized words in the following phrases. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. You are doing well.

2. Water is deep down the well.

3. Top-to- bottom structure.

4. The submarine lies on the sea bottom.

5. College vote.

6. University college.

7. Drugs plague modern society.

8. The drug is to be taken with meals.

Exercise 2

Describe situations and items of background information that clarify the meanings of the italicized words in the following phrases. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. Bottoms up!

2. Her Majesty man-o’- war ‘Invincible’.

3. Bugs in the room.

4. Global net.

Individual task: find the examples of hilarious translations. Be ready to present them to the group and discuss the reasons.

Seminar 2. Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and Passive Voice Constructions

3^rd year Semester 1

Grammar Problems of Translation

Seminar 2

‘Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and

Passive Voice Constructions’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English tenses and Passive Voice constructions

Problems for discussion:

1. The peculiarities of rendering the Present Simple tense in Ukrainian.

2. The Present Perfect and Perfect Continuous tenses, the peculiarities of their translation.

3. English passive voice constructions, the general notion.

4. Transformations in rendering the meaning of English passive voice constructions in Ukrainian.

5. English passive voice constructions with a prepositional object, their rendering in Ukrainian.

Background for discussion:

1. The use of the Present Simple tense.

2. The use of the Present Perfect tense.

3. The use of the Present Perfect Continuous tense.

4. The formation and use of the Passive voice.

Be ready with self-assessment test 2

Exercise 1.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of tenses.

1. They have been working together so long, that I can hardly believe they have failed to understand each other.

2. I forget where I’ve put my spectacles.

3. She’s been to their estate a lot of times.

4. Peter and John have been good friends for years.

5. I hear they are not planning to get back before Monday.

6. Where do they go next?

7. At last I have completed all my tasks for today.

8. George has been to Spain twice and I hear he’s going there this summer again.

9. I’m told that this kind of experiment is really risky.

10. I’m going to answer your question only after you’ve answered mine.

Exercise 2.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the sequence of tenses.

1. Richard told us that everything would have been finished by next week if nothing interfered.

2. I was sure that she liked a cup of good strong coffee.

3. He repeated once again that the Earth is round.

4. Mother told me on the phone that Jane was still sleeping.

5. Ronnie knew that nobody would believe his story if he didn’t present any convincing facts.

6. She didn’t believe that such a strong man couldn’t swim.

7. They didn’t make any secret of the fact that Jenny was getting married next October.

8. She hadn’t believed my words then, neither did she now.

9. I couldn’t understand why she was talking to me in such a way.

10. When Laura was asked a question, she pretended not to understand it and in such a way she avoided talking about the things she disliked.

Exercise 3.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of the Passive voice.

1. He was haunted by a fear.

2. It (furniture) was given to us as a wedding present by Mr. Bradley's father.

3. Gregory was in Chicago at the time the purchase was made and the decoration (of the house) was entrusted to him.

4. I had recently brought out a successful novel - and I had no sooner arrived than I was inter­viewed.

5. There are men who are possessed by an urge so strong to do some particular thing that they can't help themselves.

6. He was so incommunicable that I was forced to the conclusion that he had asked me to lunch with him merely to enjoy my company.

7. But here she encountered in her husband an obstinacy, which she had not for years been accustomed to.

8. She might have been asked to go too.

9. «I suppose in about a fortnight we shall be told that he has been seen in San Francisco».

10. In certain emergencies he was called to assist his father, and was paid for it.

Seminar 3. The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Articles

3^rd year Semester 1

Grammar Problems of Translation

Seminar 3

‘Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Articles

Problems for discussion:

1. The Article, the general notion.

2. Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.

3. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.

4. The realization of the contextual meaning of the indefinite article.

5. The realization of the contextual meaning of the definite article.

Background for discussion:

1. The article, the general notion.

2. The use of the Indefinite article with class nouns.

3. The use of the Definite article with class nouns.

4. The use of articles with geographical names.

Be ready with self-assessment test 3

Exercise 1

Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Comment on the means of rendering the contextual meaning of the indefinite article.

1. ”A Mr.Forsyte to see you, sir” (J.Galsworthy).

2. Haviland looked at him for a moment and then hung up his hat and coat (M.Wilson).

3. There was a woman sitting before the fire (K.Mansfield).

4. “Whata fool Rawdon Grawley has been to go and marry a governess” (W.Thackeray).

5. After a pause lord Henry pulled out his watch (O.Wilde).

6. Every old gang has a Billy in it (S.Lea**).

7. He is aman (J.London).

8. Life worried and bored him and, and time was a vexation (Ibid.).

9. When a government makes abad mistake in judgement, the electorate turns against it as soon as it feels the effect (J.Galsworthy).

10. “An eternity”, she tells me (O.Wilde).

Exercise 2

Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Comment on means of rendering the contextual meaning of the definite article.

1. He had uttered a mad wish that he himself might remain young, andthe portrait grow old (O.Wilde).

2. The next night, of course, I arrived at the place again (Ibid.)

3. He began to talk about the house (J.Fowles).

4. Were people to gape at the mystery of his life? (O.Wilde).

5. But I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know (L.Carroll).

6. Ah, that’s the great puzzle! (Ibid.)

7. It is only fair that at the back of the book I would be allowed a few pages to myself to put down some things (Ibid.)

8. Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly (L.Carroll).

9. The very thought of it stirs me (J.London).

10. “I suppose, it’s the thing to do”, Macomber agreed (E.Hemingway).

Seminar 4

‘Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Infinitive

And its Constructions’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Infinitive and its constructions

Problems for discussion:

1. The Infinitive, the general notion.

2. The ways of translating a single infinitive and infinitive phrases. The use of direct translation.

3. The ways of translating a single infinitive. The use of clauses in translation.

4. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.

5. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Subjective Infinitive Construction.

6. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction.

Background for discussion:

1. The infinitive, its double nature.

2. The use of the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.

3. The use of the Subjective Infinitive Construction.

4. The syntactic functions of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction.

Exercise 1

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the infinitive.

1. The two girls thought it would be a good idea to dress in their best.

2. It made us all realize how much Mother had done for us for years.

3. Thank you for your very kind invitation to visit you and stay with you but we are unlikely to have our holiday in summer.

4. He went quickly to the bathroom and returned to find Murphy sitting beside his bed.

5. The man was not one to think rapidly.

6. He was too astonished to speak.

7. To make a long story short, the company broke up.

8. He made a supreme effort to break it.

9. She read three chapters to find only five new words.

10. He waved his hands as if to express his intense distaste.

Exercise 2

Translate into Ukrainian. Name the infinitive constructions. Mind their syntactic functions.

1. She seemed to be paying no attention to what was going on around her.

2. It would be practically impossible for me to do it.

3. Never in my life I’ll choose such a man to be my husband.

4. This problem is for you to solve all by yourself.

5. We happened to see each other at the supermarket.

6. He seems to be satisfied to be doing nothing.

7. Mr Chesterfield completely disapproves of the idea of the children staying there for the night.

8. The river was reported to have overflown the banks and to have advanced towards the suburbs of the city.

9. He stepped back to have a better view of what was going on.

He was reported to have joined the enemy.

Seminar 5

‘Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Gerund

And Its Constructions’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Gerund and its constructions

The problems for discussion:

1. The gerund, the general notion.

2. Ways of translating a single gerund.

3. Peculiarities of translating the gerund as an adverbial modifier.

4. Ways of rendering gerundial constructions.

Background for discussion:

1. The gerund, its tense and voice distinctions.

2. Syntactic functions of the gerund.

3. The gerund as an adverbial modifier.

4. The ways of expressing the nominal part of the gerundial construction.

5. Syntactic functions of the gerundial construction.

Exercise 1.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the gerund.

1. I remember the candles being lit again.

2. Seeing and doing are two entirely different things.

3. Oh, well, it’s no good crying over spilt milk.

4. I’m not used to living out of doors.

5. Before following her in her round of seeking, let us look at the sphere in which her future was to lie.

6. She consoled herself by thinking that he loved her as much as he was capable of loving.

7. When the two men had gone, she looked through the photographs again before putting them back.

8. Page left for Manchester without telling Malcomb about it.

9. I’m glad to have the opportunity of falling to you, Doctor.

10. We liked neither reading aloud nor being read to.

Exercise 2.

Seminar 6

‘Ways of Translating the Participle

Exercise 1.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the Participle.

1. A few early fallen oak leaves strewn the terrace already.

2. A cold wind swept the pavement, bearing a scrap of silver paper from a chocolate box across the lamp-light.

3. He halted, with a laugh, and turned, facing them.

4. The barking dog increased his tempo.

5. Being unused to such appraisements, he didn’t know how to value it.

6. She found herself in a wretched little low kitchen lighted by a small lamp.

7. He was in an ecstasy, dreaming dreams and reconstructing the scenes just passed.

8. Having shaken himself free from his old companions and old ways of life, and having no new companions, nothing remained for him but read.

9. Wishing to finish the work in time, Andrew decided to ask Chris to help him.

10. The street was full of people, laughing and going home.

Exercise 2.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the Participial constructions.

1. Just look at the rain coming down!

2. Despite his concern for Alexander, Coleman found himself becoming annoyed.

3. Suddenly I saw the brush moving on the opposite side of the ravine.

4. On Wednesday morning Julia had her hair waved.

5. He saw Jody with his head slowly moving around.

6. Patterson, his habit of politeness back in place, inquired…

7. My private station being that of a University professor, I was naturally deeply interested in the system of education in England.

8. Her cheek pressed against the pillow, she gazed at him with shining eyes.

9. Peter looked up, his head fallen slackly back.

10. He was all confusion and embarrassment on the instant, the blood flushing on his neck and brow.

Seminar 7

‘Ways of Conveying the Meaning of English Modal Verbs

And Modal Expressions’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Modal Verbs and Modal Expressions

Problems for discussion:

1. Modality as an extralinguistic category. Ways of expressing modality.

2. Phonological means of expressing modality.

3. Lexical means of expressing modality.

4. Lexico-grammatical means of expressing modality.

5. Grammatical modality.

Background for discussion:

1. The modal verbs CAN, MAY, MUST.

2. The modal verbs SHOULD and OUGHT.

3. The modal verbs WILL (WOULD) and SHALL.

4. The modal verbs DARE and NEED.

5. The modal expressions HAVE to +Infinitive and BE to + Infinitive.

Exercise 1.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of modal verbs.

1. He can’t have done anything illegal. I don’t believe it.

2. People should know their place and stick to it.

3. The honour would be entirely Gatsby’s if you would attend his little party tonight.

4. You might have informed me of all these changes so that I shouldn’t cut a foolish figure in the eyes of public.

5. She’s been working so hard at her report. It should be a success.

6. You must tell me the truth, I beg you.

7. I’d rather stay home on such a nasty day.

8. Can I talk to the Manager? – Sorry, you can’t. He’s out at the moment.

9. How am I to find the place I’ve never been to?

10. You’ll have to repeat the whole story once again. The others have not heard it yet.

Exercise 2.

Translate into English. Mind the use of modal verbs.

1.Я нічого не чую, говоріть голосніше.

2. Вам слід було подумати про все це раніше.

3. На жаль, їм не судилося побачитися знову.

4. Який сором! Ти міг би й допомогти батькам!

5. Кері виглядає втомленою. Напевно, вона працювала всю ніч.

6. Ти ще пожалкуєш, що прийшов сюди!

7. Нам зачекати вас на вулиці?

8. Не може бути, що вони не зустрічалися раніше.

9. Приймайте по одній ложці мікстури тричі на день після їжі.

10. Я запитувала її про це кілька разів, але вона так і не відповіла.

Seminar 8

‘Ways of Rendering the Forms of the Subjunctive Mood’

The purpose of the seminar: to teach student to identify the main approaches of translation English Subjunctive Mood

Problems for discussion:

1. Forms of the Subjunctive mood, the general notion

2. General approaches to the translation of the forms of the Subjunctive mood

3. Peculiarities of translating object clauses with the forms of the Subjunctive mood

4. Ways of translating clauses with SHOULD

Background for discussion:

1. The use of the Present Subjunctive.

2. The use of the Past Subjunctive and the Past Perfect Subjunctive.

3. The use of the Analytical Subjunctive.

Exercise 1.

Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of the Subjunctive mood. Comment on the type of clause the forms of the Subjunctive mood are used in.

1. It was as if she had received a physical blow and were rocking on her feet (Heym).

2. If I were to die – and I may die soon – it would be dreadful tat you should think mistakenly of me (Trollope).

3. I wished he would not always treat me as a child (Du Maurier).

4. My only terror was lest my father should follow me (Eliot).

5. It would be monstrously selfish if I disturbed a state of things which is eminently satisfactory to you both (Maugham).

6. Your husband shall be treated exactly as if he were a member of the royal family (Shaw).

7. He felt as if something in him were collapsing (Heym).

8. No doubt life held many strange secrets. Perhaps it was essential that somebody should investigate them (Dreiser).

9. Should I encounter the rascal in the street or a tavern … he would treat me familiarly as though I were his dearest friend (Lindsay).

10. Whatever Rose may have been, she is not now a responsible scholar (Wilson).

Exercise 2.

Translate into English. Mind the use of the Subjunctive mood. Comment on the type of clause the forms of the Subjunctive mood are used in.

1. Як би я хотіла знову побачити їх!

2. Якби ти сказав мені про це вчора, ми б уже закінчили роботу.

3. Необхідно, що ви взяли до уваги всі деталі.

4. Я боюсь, щоб він не відкрив нашу таємницю.

5. Моя ідея полягає в тому, щоб зробити це все самостійно.

6. Шкода, що ви не сказали мені про це вчора.

7. Я наполягаю, щоб ви тримали цю інформацію в таємниці.

8. Якщо ж раптом він знову з'явиться тут, я дам вам знати.

9. Запиши її адресу, щоб ти її не забув.

Seminar 1. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation

3^rd year Semester 1

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