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Enumeration of Vratas to be observed on Trtiyds (third day of a lunar fortnight





Sanatana said:

1. О Narada, listen. I shall recount to you the Vratas pertaining to Tftiya (third day in the lunar fort-night). On observing these Vratas perfectly, a woman shall attain married bliss and good fortune.

P. Uttar a 14. 18-23. It is also known as Bhratf-dvitiyd (Bhaiyyd-dUja and people make it a point to go to their sister’s place and oiTer her some gift. Vrj. quotes CC. wherein the Bsh. P. mentioned above is quoted. Vrj. quotes from the SanatKumara SamhitA, LP a Pd. P. in support of this Vrata which is an act of fraternal affection.

2-5. An unmarried virgin desirous of a bridegroom, and one desirous of matrimonial bliss and good fortune for her sons and husband, should perform Gauri Vrata.1 The image of Gauri is made of gold, silver, copper or clay along with that of her Lord (Shiva) on the third day in the bright half of the month of Chaitra. О Brahmana, she then worships it with scents, fragrant flowers, clothes, auspicious ornaments, and bundles of Diirva grass. She observes fast. She propitiates Brahmaira women whose husbands and sons are alive and girls with auspicious characteristics, by offering them saffron, collyrium, clothes and other things. Delighted ip her mind, she should keep awake that night with the desire to fulfil the Vrata.

6. О Brahmana, she should give that image to the preceptor if it is metallic. If it is made of clay, she should immerse it in a tank or a river.

7. She should perform this auspicious Gauri Vrata for twelve years. With the due formal resolve to donate, she should offer twelve cows also for the achievement of her desires.

8. What more needs be spoken? There is no other bes- tower of good fortune and matrimonial bliss to women in all the three worlds like Gauri.

9. A woman attains wealth, good husband, sons, learning, ability to command, fame and happiness — in fact all desired happiness, by worshipping Gauri with devotion.

1. VV. 2-9 describe the Gauri Vrata which if observed for twelve years, confers a good consort to the lady observer if unmarried, uninterrupted matrimonial bliss, if married, good fortune and all desired happiness. HD V. i. p. 296 gives five varieties of this Vrata some of which are to be observed in Ajvina (Kxtyaratndkara 219), on the 4th day ofJye?tha (Bd. p). It is similar to Gauri-tttiyd-Vrata observed on the 3rd day of the bright half of Chaitra, Bhadrapada, Magha — (Samaya-mayukha 36).

There is another Gauri Vrata to be observed on the 4th day in the bright half of Magha. It is also called phuadhi Vrata, Kush4a Vwto Lalitd Vrata and Stoiti Vrata, vide infra I. 113. 80.83.

10. The third day in the bright half of the month of Vaisakha is glorified as Akshaya Trtlya.1 That is the Tithi on which Tretayuga began. Whatever holy rite is performed on this day is made everlasting (Aksaya) by this Trtlya.

11-12a. Wise men know that two inaugural days of Yugas (viz. that of Krta and Treta) were in the bright half of the month, while those of the other two Yugas (viz. Dvapara and Kali) were in the dark fortnight (of the lunar month). The two (inaugural) days in the bright fortnight are to be accepted (observed) in the earlier half of the day. Out of the Yugadi days in the dark fortnight, Dvapara began in Magha while the Kali Age commenced in Bhadrapada. Thus commenced the Yugas1 2 3 4 on these days.

12b-13. The devotee should worship Narayana, the preceptor of the universe accompanied by Shri, with flowers, incense and unguents on the third day in the bright half of the month of Vaisakha. Or if he takes his holy dip in the waters of the Ganga, he is absolved of all sins.

1. VV 10-15 describe the Akfaya Tftiyd Vrata which falls on the 3rd day of the bright half of Vaisakha. Any meritorious act performed on this day, becomes ever-lasting. Hence the epithet Akfaya. The speciality of this day is that it marks the beginning of the Tretd Yuga. The rite pertains to the worship etc. of god Vishnu accompanied by Shri. The performer devotee attains the region of Visiju. Cf. Vishnu Dh. S, 90. 16-17: also Bhavif- vottara P. 30. 2-3 a 19.

2. VV 11-12a. give the Yugadi tithis vide Supra I 56. 147-48 for the Yugadi Tithis — the tithi on which a particular Yuga began. According to the NP. the following are the Yugddi tithis for the following Yugas.

Yuga Tithi

1. Krta 9th day Karttika, Su. (bright half) (Suddha)

2. Treta — 3rd day Vaisakha, Su.

3. Dvapara — 15th day of Magha (Vd — Vadya — dark half)

4. Kali — 13th day of Bhadrapada, Vd.

VP. III. 14. 12-13 supports this, though AP. 209. 14 differs about Kfta-Yuga.

As Yugddi days are recommended for the performance of Srdddha etc., the first half of the day is preferable for Yugddi day in the bright half of a month, while the latter half is recommended for the Yugadi days in the dark half of the month.

14. He should worship Vishnu with unbroken rice-grains. He shall have his ablution with water mixed with unbroken rice grains. He should feed Brahmanas with the flour of barley first fried and then ground. He himself shall partake of it.

15. О Brahmana, the man who performs the rites thus and who is devoted to Vishnu attains Vishnu’s world. He is bowed to by all the Devas.

16. The third day in the bright half of the month of Jyestha is well known by the name Rambha.1 On that day, one should duly worship and honour an excellent Brahmana accom­panied by his wife.

17-18a. With the desire for conjugal blessedness a woman should perform this holy rite and worship the Brahmana couple with scents, fragrant flowers, silken garments, etc. О Brahmana, if this holy Rambha rite is duly observed, it yields wealth, sons, and auspicious inclination towards Dharma (virtuous and religious rites).

18b-21a. The lady who desires conjugal bliss should wear white clothes in the third day in the bright half of the month of Ashatfha and worship Keshava accompanied by Lakshmi symbolised or represented in a Brahmana accompanied by his wife. She should propitiate them with meals, charitable gifts of cows, clothes and ornaments and pleasing words. By observing this Vrata, the lady shall be blessed with wealth and food-grains. By the grace of the Lord of the Devas, she shall attain Vishnu’s world.

21b. Svarna-Gauri Vrata1 2 is to be performed on the third day in the bright half of the month of Sravana.

1. VV 16-18 mention RamBha Vrata which consists of worship of a Brahmana couple. It yields wealth, sons and inclination to Dharma. The RamBha Vrata mentioned in the Bhavishyottara P. 18. 1-36 and CC on Vrata I. 426-430 is different, as it recommends that worship of Devi, and homa, etc. are to be performed therein.

22а-23а. The lady devotee should worship goddess Bhavani by means of the sixteen Upacaras (articles and modes of worship and service) with the Prayer — “O goddess of holy rites, obeisance be to you. Be pleased to grant me sons and wealth, grant me conjugal blessedness. Do bestow on me all other desired things.”

23b-24a. After praying thus to Bhavani the goddess of the Devas, accompanied by God Shiva, the lady devotee, desirous of completion of the holy rite should make the gift of sweet meats etc. to Brahmanas.

24b-25a. After performing this auspicious Vrata for sixteen years, she should perform the concluding ceremony of the Vrata (Udyapana) with great devotion. She should not exhibit stinginess in the matter of expenses.

25b-28. In a pandal in a pure Mandala (mystic diagram) she should perform the worship of GaneSa and other gods. She should then place a flat saucer-like copper-dish over the water pot and worship a gold-image of Bhavani therein with scents and fragrant flowers. Thereafter, the Нота should be performed. Sixteen bamboo vessels (baskets) shall be filled with sweet dishes and cooked rice, offered to the Devi as Naivedya and distributed among Brahmanas, kinsmen and relatives.

29. The woman interested in the observance of this Vrata shall attain the full benefit by giving the gold image to the preceptor and monetary gifts to the other Brahmanas.

2. W 2lb-29 describe the Svarga Gauri Vrata to be performed by ladies, on the 3rd day of Sravapa shu. for the propitiation of goddess Gauri or Bhavani. In Karnataka it is observed on the 3rd day of Bhadrapada (Vrj. p. 45). Herein the number 16 is very significant. Goddess Gauri is worshipp­ed with 16 upacdras and prayed for conjugal blessedness, sons and wealth. The Vrata is to be observed for 16 years at the end of which a gold image of Gauri is to be worshipped, 16 wickerworks filled with 16 edibles are to bo given to 16 couples of BrShmanas and the gold image to be given to the preceptor. The Vj. quotes a story from the Sk. P. about this Vrata. The Udydpana (concluding ceremony) of this Vrata agrees with that in the Sk. P. as quoted by Vrj., pp 46-47.

1. VV 30-35 describe the Haritdlikd Vrata. This is very popular in Maharashtra but not in Gujarat or Bengal. Only women are eligible for this and they observe a fast on this day and propitiate goddess Uroa and Shiva. This Vrata is found in late mediaeval digests like the Nirshaya Sindhu (p. 133). Vrj. pp. 48 quotes the story of HaritalikA from the ВНащуоЧага Purdtut. The Udydpana-ritc in the NP is similar to that in the \RJ, pp. 48-52. Sixteen wicker-baskets containing ‘bliss-yielding articles (indicating SauBhagya — conjugal happiness) and cloth are to be given to Brahmapas. This Vrata increases conjugal blessedness. The term SauBhagya Vardhana here does not imply a new Vrata of that name. Dr. Kane in HD. V. 1., p. 456 mentions three SauBhagya Vratas but they are quite different.

30. On the third day in the bright half of the month of Bhadrapada, the lady devotee should perform the Vrata of Haritalika1 with great devotion, in accordance with the injunctions, alongwith the rites of Padya (viz. offering water for washing the feet, hands, worship) Arghya and Arcana.

31-32. Then the cooked rice and the Daksina should be placed in a gold, silver, copper, bamboo or a clay vessal along­with fruits and clothes. The same shall then be given to a Brahmana. At the end of it, she should have the Parana (break the fast) alongwith the kinsmen.

33. The woman who observes this holy rite shall enjoy all desirable pleasures. She shall become a friend and attendant of Gauri, thanks to the efficacy of this Vrata.

34. Sixteen bamboo-baskets filled with bliss-yielding articles and clothes should be enthusiastically given to a Brahmana in accordance with the injunctions.

35-36. She should then give generous monetary gifts to the other excellent Brahmanas also for the satisfaction of the goddess. The woman who performs this holy rite of Saubhagya Vardhana (that which increases conjugal blessed­ness) certainly attains it, thanks to the grace of the Goddess.

37-38. When the Trtiya in the month of Bhadrapada coincides with the constellation Hasta, the Vrata taught by Sauri (Kfsna?) is called Hastagaurivrata1. The Vrata called Kofisvari and LakseSvari2 has been proclaimed by Shiva the Pinakabearing Lord. Its rules of procedure are being mentioned:

1. VV 37-39 describe Hasta-Gauri-Vrata which is to be observed when the constellation Hasta coincides with the 3rd day of Bhadrapada Su.. Кира has told this Vrata. The Vratdrka requires contemplation of Gauri, Нага and Gane^a in this Vrata, for 13 years and the Udydpana (conclusion) of this Vrata in the 14th year (HD. V. i. p. 462).

2. W 38-45a describe the KofOvard alias Lakfdvari Vrata to be observed on the 3rd day of Bhadrapada Su. (SuddhaPakfa — The bright half). It is called Lak?ejvari as a paste of one hundred thousand grains of rice or Sesame seeds is used to form the image of Parvati. Fast is to be observed on that day. CC on Vrata I. 459461 quotes the Sk. P. for this Vrata. also vide HD. V-I. p. 290.

39. On this day, the Vrata has to be taken up for four years. О Narada, every year it has to be performed alongwith the observance of fast.

40. Unbroken rice grains or gingelly seeds should be selected, О leading sage, to the extent of one hundred thousand. They should be cleaned and put in boiling water.

41. When the grains are cooked well, a splended image of the goddess should be made. It should be embellished with scented flowers and flower garlands.

42-44. Goddess Parvatl should be installed therein and worshipped with great devotion, with scents, fragrant flowers, incense, lights and detailed Naivedya offerings and fruits. О Brahmana, she should bow to the goddess and crave forgiveness. Then she should immerse the image of the goddess in the middle of a water-tank. Dakshina is then offered to the Brahmanas who are knowers of religious rites and procedures. She should then partake of her food the next day. Thus, О Brahmana, the Koti Laksheshvari Vrata has been narrated to you.

45a. In the end she goes to the world of Gaurl, thanks to the power of this Vrata.

45b. On the third day in the bright half of the month of Isa (i«e. Asvina), the lady devotee should perform BrhadGauri1 Vrata.

46. О Narada, this Vrata is to be performed for five years in accordance with the rules of procedure mentioned above. At the end, she should worship the main preceptor and other Brahmanas with cash presents etc.

47-50. Five Suvasinis (married women whose husband are alive) should be worshipped asHaripriyas (beloveds of Hari) with clothes, ornaments, sandal paste, bodices, earrings and necklaces; five bamboo baskets are used and they are tied round with threads. The baskets are filled with saffron, cumin-seeds, and bliss-yielding articles. Vayanas (presepts of sweet-meats) comprising of ground wheat flour, fresh ApGpa (baked pies), fruits etc. These must be given to the Suvasinis who also be fed. After giving as worshipful gift half the materials gathered as Vayanas, she shall silently take her food. For the increase of the desired objects, a fruit (out of the gift) should be worn round the neck.

1. W. 45 b-53 describe the Bfhad-Gaurt- Vrata to be observed on the 3rd day of Afvina shu. (Buddha) according, to NP-, but on Bhadra- pada Kr. (Адою) Tftiyd as per VRJ. In southern Maharashtra and in Karnataka, a plant Dorll or RiAgatf (in Marathi) is brought along with its roots, fruits and branches for worship. A thread is wound round the neck in the name of Gauri. VRJ. (pp. 53-54) narrates the story about this Vrata from the Bhaoifyottara P.

51. Getting up early in the morning, bedecked in ornaments and accompanied by her friends, she should go to a river to the accompaniment of songs and instrumental music. There Gauri image is ritualistically bidden farewell to (into the river) with the prayer:

52. “O gentle lady, you had been invoked by me and worshipped duly (as per procedure), you may be pleased to go away at will, for granting me conjugal bliss”.

53. After observing the holy rite, thus, О Brahmana, and after enjoying all worldly pleasures, thanks to the grace of the goddess, she shall attain Gauri’s world after death.

54-55. On the third day in the bright half of the month of Orja (Karttika), she (the lady) should perform Vishnugauri- vrata.1 After worshipping the goddess worthy of being saluted by the whole world, with different modes of worship and services and after feeding the suvasini (a married woman with husband alive) who has been honoured duly with auspicious articles, she should bid farewell to the goddess after bowing to her, for obtaining the grace of satisfaction of Vishnugauri.

56. On the third day in the bright half of the month of Margashirsha, a woman should perform the auspicious HaraGauri Vrata1 2 in accordance with the injunctions laid down before, in the above-mentioned Vrata and should worship Jagadambika (Mother of the Universe).

57. As a result of the prowess of this Vrata, she shall enjoy all charming worldly pleasures. Attaining the world of the goddess, she rejoices with her.

1. VV. 54-55 briefly describes the Vrata called Vif^u Gauri.

2. VV. 56-57 deal with Hara-Gauri Vrata.

58-59a. On the third day in the bright half of the month of Pausa, a woman should perform the Brahmagaurivrata1 in accordance with the injunctions laid down above. О excellent Brahmana, on being worshipped, BrahmaGauri shall be delighted. Thanks to her grace, the lady devotee becomes associated with the goddess and rejoices herself.

59b-60. On the third day in the bright half of the month ofMagha, (goddess) Saubhagya-Sundaii2 should be worshipped in accordance with the rules of procedure mentioned before, by means ofoffering Arghya with coconuts. Delighted and rendered pleased by means of the Vrata, the goddess grants her own world.

61. The third day in the bright half of the month of Phalguna, is the bestower of family happiness. If the goddess is worshipped with scents, fragrant flowers etc., she shall be the bestower of all auspiciousness.

62. О sage, in all these Trtiyas (vratas on the third days of the lunar fortnight) the rules regarding the PCija of the goddess, the honour to the Brahmana, the charitable gifts, Нота and the ritualistic dismissal of the goddess are the same.

63. Thus the Vratas to be performed on Trtiyas have been narrated to you here. If observed with great devotion, they shall bestow all desirable objects cherished in mind.

1. VV. 58-59a describe Brahma-Gavri Vrata. It will thus be seen that the Gauri Vratas are the same but are associated with each member of the Trinity of gods and are performed on the 3rd days of lunar fortnights.

2. VV. 59b-60 describe the SauBhagya-Sundari Vrata (to propitiate goddess Uma, though the NP. is silent about the name of the deity). VRJ. prescribes its performance on Margasirsa or Magha (Kr.) Trtiyd, especially when it is conjoined with the next (4th) Tithi, and not with the previous one. VRJ (pp. 54-47) quotes a long story from the Bhaviaottara P. glorifying this Vrata.

 







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