Сдам Сам

ПОЛЕЗНОЕ


КАТЕГОРИИ







The exposition of the Vratas to be observed on Ekadashi (eleventh) days1 (of the lunar fortnight)





Sanatanasaid:

1-4. On the eleventh day in either of the fortnights of (any month), О sage, the devotee must desist from taking food»

1. The NP. being a Vaishnava Parana gives full details of Ekadashi Vrata. It has devoted the whole of Uttardrdha in glorification of this Vrata.

The NP. follows PUfQimdnta reckoning. Hence the Ekadashi in the dark half is treated first. It is not known why Chaitra Ekddaiis should be an exception and why Ekddaii in Chaitra Su. and Kr are so much bifurcated (Chaitra Su in V V 5-8a and Chaitra Kr in VV 80-82)

The following is the Tabular statement of Ekadashis and the month and fortnight for their performance. The difference of name in the list in HDV. i P. 108 Note 278 is noted in the bracket.

With great concentration, he must construct an auspicious pavilion decorated with flowers of various kinds exquisitely After taking bath perfectly in accordance with the injunctions, he should observe fast and conquer his sense-organs. With faith and great concentration he should duly worship Vishnu with various Upacaras, Japas, Homas and circumambu- lations. He should also recite different hymns in prayer to the Lord, alongwith songs and instrumental music that captivate the mind. He should glorify the Lord with charming shouts of Jaya (Be victorious). He should prostrate on the ground like a long staff. He should keep awake during the night. (By carrying out all these instructions) he attains the great region of Vishnu.

5-8a. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Chaitra, the excellent man should observe fast and maintain these observances mentioned hereinafter for these days (the previous and the subsequent days included i.e. the 10th, 11th + 12th Tithis). On the Dvadashi (twelfth) day, he should devotedly worship the eternal Vasudeva with all the sixteen Upacaras.

Then, he should feed his kinsmen. After giving Dakshina to them he should bid farewell to them and take food himself. This holy Ekadashi Vrata is called Kamada (the granter of desires). It destroys all sins. О Brahmana, if observed properly and perfectly, it yields worldly pleasures and salvation.

Padma (Parivartini) Aja (Indira) Papankula Indira (Rama) Prabodhini Rama (Utpatti) Mok?a (Mokfada) Utpanna (Saphala) Putrada

Saphala (shat-tila) Jay

shat-tila (Vijaya) Amalaki

Vijaya (Papa-mocani)

W. 1-4 give general instructions on the common ritual in the lEkddatf Viratas.

The wording in the next line shows that here the readmg should have been ВтйктаоАл instead of bdndhaodn. If the reading be Уaфюёя it will do as Fdfaraa=sa Brahmapa.

8b-10. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Vai?akha, a person should observe, with all formalities (of this Vrata), fast on this VariithinI (name of this Ekadashi.) Qn the next day, he should worship Madhusudana. The charitable gift of gold, cooked food, cow and virgin on this day is highly commendable. By performing the holy Vrata of Varuthim (Ekadafi), the man devoted to the regular requisite observances is liberated from all sins. He attains the region of Vishnu.

11-12a. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Vaishakha, the devotee observes fast on this MohinI Ekadagl. On the next day, he takes his bath and worships Purusottama with scents and other things. By feeding Brahmanas, (thereafter), he shall undoubtedly be liberated from sins.

12b-14a. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Jyestha (which is called Apara,1 he should observe fast of the Apara shkadaa, О king,1 2 on the Dvadaft day, he performs the daily prescribed (Nitya) rites and worships Trivikrama. Thereafter, feeding prominent Brahmanas and giving them Daksina, he becomes liberated from all sins and goes to Vishnu’s Region (Vaikuntha).

14b-16. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Jyestha, the holy rite ofNirjala (Abstention from water) Ekadashi is observed. О excellent Brahmana, from the sun-rise to sunrise (i. e. through-out the Ekadashi day) (not even water is to be taken in). On the twelfth day in the morning, he performs the prescribed daily routine rites and worships Hrslkega with all the Upacaras; (thereafter) he feeds Brahmanae, with devotion. By observing this holy rite, the devotee attains the benefit of twentyfour (Ordinary) Ekadafls.

1. As Apard is the name of Ekadashi which follows Mohini (HD VI. 1 p. 108 Ft. note 278), the reading in this verse should have been Samupofydpardm instead of Samupcfya ратaт; Here pardm is meaningless and syntactically unrelated to any substantive.

2. This is an obvious quotation, as the epithet Nfpc is not appli­cable to Narada

17-18. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Asa^ha, the devotee observes the fast of Yogini Ekadashi. On the twelfth day, he performs his daily rites and worships Narayana. Then, he feeds leading Brahmanas and offers Daksina to them. He attains the benefit of all charitable gifts and rejoices in the abode of Vishnu.

19-24. Listen to the injunctions regarding the holy rite on the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Asadha.1 The devotee observes fast on that day in accordance with the injunctions. He should instal the image of Vishnu made of gold or silver, on an auspicious pavilion. The image should be of exquisite workmanship, with the four hands shining with conch, discus, iron club and the lotus. A yellow silk-cloth should be wound round the image. О Brahmana, the image should be placed on a couch neatly covered with (silk) cloth. Uttering the Mantras he should bathe the Lord with Paficamrta and pure water. The hymn ‘Purusa Sukta’ (RV. X. 90) is recited. The Upacaras (articles and modes or details of worship) begin with Padya (offering of water to wash the feet of the Lord) and end with Nirajana (waving of lights in front of the Lord’s image). Then he prays to Hari as follows:1 2 “O Lord of the Universe, if you are asleep, this Universe too shall be asleep. When you wake up, the entire Universe consisting of the mobile and immobile being wakes up.” After praying thus in the presence of the Lord, the devout man should adopt regulations (or Vratas) laid down for observance during the period of the Caturmasya. He should adopt them to the extent of his capacity.

1. For the detailed discussion of the Vrata vide HD. V. 109-112. The details of this Vrata given in NP. (VV. 19-27) are rather different from these in HD (ibid).

I doubt the Indo-European origin of this aayani Vrata for lack of evidence in comparative mythology. Kane's other theory viz. the monsoons causing paralysis of activities, journey etc. is more plausible.

In Maharashtra, this is treated as a Mahd-ekddashi and perhaps the biggest pilgrimage is held at Pandharpur on this occasion. One wonders why farmers who are normally very busy at this time of the year, leave aside their agricultural activities and gather at Pandharpur. Is it a continuation oKuch gathering since the days of food-gathering economy?

2. This verse (No. 23) is probably a quotation as we find it quoted in the Dharma Sindhu (P. 53) and Niroqya Sindhu (P. 102)

25-26. On the morning of the Dvadasi day, he should worship Sesasayin (Lord Vishnu reposing on the couch of the body of Sesa) with all the sixteen types of Upacaras. He should then feed the Brahmanas and propitiate them with Daksinas. After that he should take food silently. From that time on­wards, О leading Brahmana, he should worship the Lord with scents and other things every day.

27. By performing this holy rite of “Sayani-Vrata” of the Lord duly, О Brahmana, the man enjoys worldly pleasures and Salvations, thanks to the grace of Vishnu.

28-3la. О excellent Brahmana, the excellent man per­forms the holy rite of ‘Kamika (also known as Kamada) on the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Sravana alongwith due observances. On the twelfth day, after per­forming the daily routine rites, he worships Shridhara, Hari, with all the sixteen Upacaras.1 He then feeds Brahmanas, gives them Daksina and bids them farewell. Thereafter, he takes his food alongwith the kinsmen. О Brahmana, he who thus performs the excellent Kamika (EkadaSl) Vrata obtains all the cherished desires in this world and attains the greatest region of Vishnu.

1. The NP. constantly refers to sixteen Upacdras. They are as follows: dvdhana (invitation), dsana (offering a seat), Pddya (water for washing feet), arghya (respectful offering of water with or without grains of rice, diirva grass, flowers mixed in it), acamanlya (offering spoonfuls of water for sipping), sndna (bath), vastra (cloth), yajHopavita (the sacred thread). anulipana or gandha (sandal paste or some fragrant paste), рщра (decoration with flowers) dhUpa (burning of incense), dipa (waving of light), naivedya (offering of eatables, food) tdmbala (offering betel-leaves, just after dinner or naioedya), dakfipd (religious fee or monetary gift), pradakfi(id (clockwise circumambulation).

Many of these were current in Vedic times for receiving guests and pitrs at the time of Srdddha and these were extended to images when idol- worship came in vogue. It is a superstition to attribute all these to Dravidians (For details vide HD. V. i PP. 33-39).

31b-33. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Sravana, the devotee performs the holy rite of “Pavitra (prob. an alternative name for Putrada) Ekadashi” On the Dvadasi day, he should worship Janardana strictly adhering to the rules, with all the sixteen Upacaras. Thereafter, he feeds Brahmanas and gives them Daksinas. He obtains a son endowed with good qualities and then attains Vishnu’s region. He will be bowed to by all Devas.

34-36a. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Bhadrapada, the devotee observes fast of the holy rite named ‘Aja-Ekadashi’. On the Dvadasi day, he should worship Upendra with various Upacaras. He should feed Brahmanas with sweet cooked rice and bid farewell to them after giving them Daksina. О Brahmana, he who observes the holy rite in this way with great concentration and devotion to Aja, enjoys all worldly pleasures. In the end he attains the abode of Vishnu.

36b-41a. The devotee has to perform the holy rite of PadmaVrata (Ekadashi fast called Padma) on the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Bhadrapada. After finishing the daily worship, he should perform the rite of Kotidana (giving of a crore of things). О excellent Brahmana, the image installed before is worshipped with great festivities. The image is taken to the water-reservoir and is touched with water and is then worshipped in accordance with the injunctions. It is then brought to the platform and laid to rest on the left side. On the morning of the Dvadasi day, he worships Vamana with scents and other things. The Brahmanas are fed, given Daksinas and bidden farewell to. О Brahmana, he who performs the excellent holy rite of Padmavrata thus, enjoys all worldly pleasures. In the end he attains release from Samsara.

It is also called Parivartinf as Lord Vishnu is supposed to have turned on one side during his sleep on this day. (Kane — HD V. I. 109). The NP. subscribes to this supposition as v. 39a instructs that the image of Vishnu should be laid to rest on the left side.

41b-44. The devotee performs the holy Ekadashi rite called Indira, on the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Alvina. He observes fast and at midday, he performs Sraddha rite in front of a Saligrama stone. О Brahmana, this is highly pleasing to Vishnu. On the next morning of Hari’s day, the intelligent devotee worships Padmanabha and feeds Brahmanas. After giving them Daksina, he bids farewell to them and takes food himself. The man who performs the holy rite thus, enjoys all desired worldly pleasures and uplifts a crore of his ancestors. In the end he goes to Vishnu’s abode.

45-47. О Brahmana, the devotee observes the holy rite called ‘Pasankusa’, on the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Asvina. After observing fast on this day, he should worship Vishnu on the day of Vishnu (i.e. DvadasI day). He then feeds prominent Brahmanas, gives them Daksina and after bowing to them devotedly, he bids farewell to them. Thereafter, he takes food himself. The man who performs the holy rite of Pasankusa Vrata thus with devotion, enjoys excellent worldly pleasures and attains the Saloka Mukti i.e. residence in the same region as that of Vishnu.

48-50. О excellent Brahmana, the devotee performs the holy rite of Rama Ekadashi on the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Karttika. After duly observing fast on that day, he worships Keshava on the morning of DvadasI day. He worships Keshava, the eternal Lord of the Devas, the destroyer of KeSin. He should then feed Biahmanas and bid farewell to them after Daksina has been given. О Brahmana, he who performs the holy rites thus, enjoys all desired pleasures here. He attains to the presence of Ramapati (Vishnu) by means of an aerial chariot! (This is known as samlpata Mukti).

51-56a. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Karttika, the devotee observes the fast of Prabodhinl Ekadashi. At night, the devotee wakens up the sleeping Keshava (Vishnu) with auspicious songs, with Rk, Yajus and Saman Mantras and with various kinds of instrumental music. He propitiates the Lord presenting him grapes, sugarcane, pomegranate and other fruits and the plants of banana and Smgataka (Trapa Bispinosa etc). After the night is over, on the next day, he takes bath and performs his daily routine. He should then worship Gadadamodara with all the sixteen Upacaras and with the recital of the Purusasukta. After feeding Brahmanas and giving them Daksinas: to their satisfaction, he should bid farewell to them. He shall give that gold image to the preceptor alongwith a cow. He who respectfully performs this BodhinI Vrata with devotion, enjoys all worldly pleasures and attains the region of Vishnu.

56b-59a. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Margaslrsa, the devotee observes fast of Utpanna (or Utpatti) Ekadasl. On the DvadasI day, he should worship Lord Krishna with scents and other requisites of services or upacaras. He then feeds leading Brahmanas and gives them Daksinas.. After bidding them farewell, he should take food himself along­with friends and kinsmen. He who performs the Utpanna (or Utpatti) Ekadasl Vrata with devotion, rides an aerial chariot and attains the region of Vishnu.

59b-62a. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Margaslrsa, the devotee observes the holy rite of Moksha (Mokshada) Ekadasl by fasting. On the DvadasI day, in the morning, he worships Ananta who is the embodiment of the Universe, with all the Upacaras. The Brahmana devotee then feeds the Brahmanas. He bids farewell to them after giving them Daksina. He then takes food alongwith the kinsmen. О Brahmana, by performing this Vrata, he enjoys all the desired worldly pleasures. He uplifts ten generations of his ancestors and ten generations of successors. He then attains Hari.

62b-64a. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Pausa, the devotee observes the holy Saphala Ekadashi rite. On the DvadasI day, he worships Acyuta with all Upaca­ras. After feeding Brahmanas with sweet-meats and giving them Daksinas, he bids them farewell. О Brahmana, after perform­ing the Saphala Ekadasl Vrata thus in accordance with the in­junctions, he enjoys all worldly pleasures here (in this world). In the end, he goes to the region of Vishnu.

64b-67a. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Pausa, the devotee observes the holy rite of Putrada EkadaS. On the Dvadashi day, he should worship the discus-armed Lord with Arghya and other Upacaras. Thereafter, he should feed leading Brahmanas. After giving them Dakshina, he should bid farewell to them and eat the cooked rice left over, alongwith his loving kinsmen. О Brahmana, he who performs the holy rite thus, enjoys all desired pleasures, in the end; he rides in an aerial car and goes to Hari’s abode (Vaikunfha).

67b-70. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Magha, the devotee obscr/es the holy rite of shattila Ekadashi. He takes bath with gingelly seeds; he makes gift of them; he uses them in the Tarpana rite; he performs Нота with them; he eats them and he worships with them on the morning of the DvadaSl day. After perfectly worshipping Vai- kuntha (Vishnu) with all the Upacaras, he feeds the Brahmanas. Then he bids farewell to them, after Daksina has been duly paid, О Brahmana, by performing the holy rite, thus in accordance with the injunctions, the devotee, with great concen­tration, enjoys all desired pleasures here. In the end he attains Vishnu’s region.

71-73. On the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Magha, the devotee observes the holy rite of Jaya Ekadashi. On the day of Hari, in the morning, О Brahmana, he should worship Purusa, the Lord of Shri. After feeding, giving Daksina and bidding farewell to the Brahmanas, he should take in the food left over by them alongwith his kinsmen. He should be pure, in mind and body. О Brahmana, he who thus performs the holy rite that propitiates Keshava, enjoys excellent pleasures here. In the end, he shall attain the region of Vishnu.

74-76. On the eleventh day in the dark half of the month of Phalguna, the devotee observes the holy rite of Vijaya EkadaSl. On the Dvadagi day, in the morning, he worships Yogisa (the Lord of Yogins) with scents and other things. He feeds Brahmanas and gives them Daksinas to their satisfaction. After bidding them farewell he should himself silendy take food in the company of his kinsmen. The man who performs the holy rite thus, enjoys the desired pleasures. After death, he goes to Vi^u’s region. He is well honoured by the Devas.

77-79. О excellent Brahmana, on the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Phalguna the devotee observes the holy rite of Amalaki Ekadashi. On the DvadaSI day, in the morning, he should worship Pundarikaksa with all Upacaras. With excellent cooked food, he should feed the Brahmanas and give them Daksina. By performing worship etc. duly on the eleventh day in the bright half of the month of Phalguna, that is called Amalaki Ekada^I, the devotee attains the greatest region of Vishnu.

80-82. The eleven th day in the dark half of the month of Chaitra is called Papamocanika (that which releases one from sins). Having observed fast on that day, the devotee worships Govinda in the morning on the DvadagI day, with all the six­teen Upacaras. He should feed the Brahmanas, give them Daksina and bid them farewell. Then he should take food alongwith his kinsmen. О Brahmana, he who thus performs the holy rite of Papamocanika Vrata attains the world of Vishnu by means of a shining aerial chariot.

83. О Brahmana, thus the salvation-yielding holy rites on the Ekadashi days in both bright and dark halves (of all the months) have been extolled to you. There is no doubt at all in this (that they are conducive to the attainment of salvation).

84. Since this Vrata is to be observed for three consecu­tive days, it is glorified as the most excellent of all the Vratas. Hence, it must be known as highly fruitful.

85. О Narada, the devotee should miss four meals in the course of these three days. On the first day and the third (i.e. on Dashami and DvadasI days) he shall miss one meal each (in the evening). On the day in the middle (i.e. Ekadashi day) he should miss both the meals.

86-90. Now, I shall recount to you the restraints in regard to this Vrata in the course of these three days.1 A true devotee Vishnu should always avoid ten things on the Dashami day: — Bell metal vessel, meat, cooked lentil, Bengal gram, Kodrava grains, greens, wine, food at others’ houses, the second meal and sexual intercourse.

He should avoid these eleven things on the Ekadashi day gambling, sleep, chewing the betal leaves, washing the teeth, slandering, backbiting, stealing, injury to others, sexual inter­course, anger and telling lies. He should eschew the following twelve on the Dvadasi day: — Bell metal vessel, meat, wine» honey, oil, conversation with outcaste people who remove ordure, physical exercises, journey, second meal, sexual intercourse» touching the untouchables and cooked lentil.

91-92. A Brahmana should observe fast with due obser­vances of all the restraints, if he is physically competent. Otherwise, the intelligent devotee should take a single meal. He should not take food during the night, or he should perform the rite of Ayacitavrata (i.e. taking in what is not begged for). On no account should he miss such a Vrata as this.

1. VV. 86-90 lay down the restraints and rules to be observed on the three days of Ekddail Vrata. It is noteworthy that the number of restraints to be observed is the same as the number of Tithi. Thirteen restraints are prescribed for the Daiamlday (The 10th Tithi), eleven ones for the Ekadait day, and twelve for the DvddaSl day.

 







ЧТО ПРОИСХОДИТ, КОГДА МЫ ССОРИМСЯ Не понимая различий, существующих между мужчинами и женщинами, очень легко довести дело до ссоры...

Что вызывает тренды на фондовых и товарных рынках Объяснение теории грузового поезда Первые 17 лет моих рыночных исследований сводились к попыткам вычис­лить, когда этот...

ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...

Система охраняемых территорий в США Изучение особо охраняемых природных территорий(ООПТ) США представляет особый интерес по многим причинам...





Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:


©2015- 2024 zdamsam.ru Размещенные материалы защищены законодательством РФ.