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Learn the grammar: Participle I/IIParticiple I или Present Participle отражает длительность процесса, подчеркивая одновременность действия со сказуемым. Причастие настоящего времени образуется от глагола + окончание - ing: The dancing girls are our students. – Танцующие девушки – наши студентки. He was silent for a while, as if pausing for a reply. – Он немного помолчал, как будто выдерживая паузу для ответа.He was standing on the top of the mountains admiring the beautiful view. — Он стоял на вершине горы, наслаждаясь прекрасным видом.
Participle II соответствует русской форме страдательного причастия: сломанная, написанная, прочитанная. Данная часть речи имеет только одну форму и используется для описания законченного действия. Другими словами можно сказать, что это результат, выраженный признаком или состоянием. Past Participle образуется от инфинитива без to + суффикс – ed. Либо, если глагол неправильный, используется его 3-я форма – таблица Past Participle (3 колонка таблицы неправильных глаголов): broken leg – сломанная нога; locked door – закрытая дверь. Translate and find out Participle I/II: unexpected or impending situation the hazards caused by a man crashes of dwelling houses disrepair everything connected with electric current clashes of transport vehicles entailing death accidents a high probability of escalating to cause immediate danger to life animals owned by a person the attitude of the agencies involved is likely to reflect the predominant opinion different systems for classifying incidents non-emergency calls, depending on their remit be a fire department responding to help
Choose the best participle forms: a. giving b. not having been given c. having been given d. being given e. having given f. given
1. The best part …………. to another actor, Josh felt unwilling to continue his involvement in the show. 2. I’ve always treasured the watch……………… to me on my eighteenth birthday. 3. The police officers stood at either end of the hallway, ……………. Ray no chance of escape. 4. ………………. our tickets to the attendant, we were ushered into the antechamber of the tomb. 5. We were driving up the grant according to need, the largest amount ………… to the homeless. 6. ………………. the mandatory months’ notice be the landlord, the tenant was able to stay on in the house.
Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the underlined phrases with suitable participle phrase:
Example: As they hadn’t been arrested they were able to leave the police station. – Not having been arrested, they were able to leave the police station. 1. She fell asleep while she sat in the armchair. - ……………………………… 2. Because I can speak Finnish I was able to follow their conversation. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 3. My brother, who has split up with his wife, wants to move in with me. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 4. So far nobody has claimed the money we discovered under the floorboards. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 5. After he had moved out, Danny found it difficult to find a nice place to stay. - ………………………………………………………………………………. 6. If you leave it for too long, oil paint will form a skin. - ……………………... 7. The sea was very rough, which made me feel seek. - ……………………….. 8. As I am not very good with figures I’ll let you do the accounts. - ………… 9. This is a house which has been built to last forever. - ……………………….. 10. Provided you wash it at a cool temperature this garment will not shrink. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 11. People who play loud music late at night can be a real nuisance. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 12. Because he had been unemployed for so long, Jack despaired of ever finding a job. - ……………………………………………………………….. 13. If you give them enough time, the engineers will be able to find the fault. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 14. The people who lived closest to the river bank were the worst affected. - ………………………………………………………………………………... 15. Due to the fact that I hadn’t registered, I was unable to vote in last week’s election. - ……………………………………………………………………..
Translate from Russian into English using the following English equivalents: to occur, water area, to cause, accident, disaster, victim, injury, damage, loss, administrative regulation, jurisdiction, inter-jurisdiction, power outage, to stop gas supply, designed-basis fault, wear and tear of machinery. Чрезвычайная ситуация – это обстановка, сложившаяся на определенной территории или акватории в результате аварии, опасного природного явления, катастрофы, стихийного или иного бедствия, которые могут повлечь или повлекли за собой человеческие жертвы, ущерб здоровью людей или окружающей природной среде, значительные материальные потери и нарушение условий жизнедеятельности людей. Чрезвычайные ситуации делятся на природные, техногенные, социальные, экологические. В основе классификации ЧС по масштабу лежат величина территории, на которой распространяется ЧС, число пострадавших и размер ущерба. По масштабу чрезвычайные ситуации могут быть классифицированы на (Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 21 мая 2007 г. N 304 «О классификации чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера»): локального характера муниципального характера, межмуниципального характера, регионального характера, межрегионального характера, федерального характера. Основные причины чрезвычайных ситуацийподразделяются на внешние (стихийные бедствия; неожиданное прекращение подачи электроэнергии, газа; терроризм; войны) и внутренние (сложность технологий; недостаточная квалификация обслуживающего персонала; проектно-конструкторские недоработки в механизмах и оборудовании; физический и моральный износ оборудования и механизмов; низкая трудовая и технологическая дисциплины и др.). Read and translate the Text B: Emergency Action Planning
Planning to minimize all workplace hazards is not easy. All employers face the possibility of emergencies. Having an emergency action plan that addresses unforeseen disasters is one of the best ways an employer can protect the workplace from fatalities. An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document required by particular OSHA standards. The purpose of an EAP is to facilitate and organize employer and employee actions during workplace emergencies. Well-developed emergency plans and proper employee training (such that employees understand their roles and responsibilities within the plan) will result in fewer and less severe employee injuries and less structural damage to the facility during emergencies. A poorly prepared plan will likely lead to a disorganized evacuation or emergency response, resulting in confusion, injury and property damage. At a minimum, the plan must include but is not limited to the following elements: · Means of reporting fires and other emergencies; · Evacuation procedures and emergency escape route assignments; · Procedures to be followed by employees who remain to operate critical plant operations before they evacuate; · Procedures to account for all employees after an emergency evacuation has been completed; · Rescue and medical duties for those employees who are to perform them; · Names or job titles of persons who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the plan · A description of the alarm system to be used to notify employees (including disabled employees) to evacuate or take other actions. The alarms used for different actions should be distinctive and might include horn blasts, sirens or public address systems. · The site of an alternative communications center to be used in the event of a fire or explosion. · A secure onsite or offsite location to store originals or duplicate copies of accounting records, legal documents, your employees' emergency contact lists, and other essential records. There are many emergency services protocols that apply in an emergency, which usually start with planning before an emergency occurs. Disaster management (or emergency management) is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Disaster management does not avert or eliminate the threats, although their study is an important part of the field. Events covered by disaster management include acts of terrorism, industrial sabotage, fire, natural disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.), public disorder, industrial accidents, and communication failures. Management, as set out below:
Emergency management consists of five phases: prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Prevention was recently added to the phases of emergency management. It focuses on preventing the human hazard, primarily from potential natural disasters or terrorist attacks. Preventive measures are taken on both the domestic and international levels, designed to provide permanent protection from disasters. Not all disasters, particularly natural disasters, can be prevented, but the risk of loss of life and injury can be mitigated with good evacuation plans, environmental planning and design standards. The planning phase starts at preparedness, where the agencies decide how to respond to a given incident or set of circumstances. This should ideally include lines of command and control, and division of activities between agencies. This avoids potentially negative situations such as three separate agencies all starting an official rest centre for victims of a disaster. Following an emergency occurring, the agencies then move to a response phase, where they execute their plans, and may end up improvising some areas of their response (due to gaps in the planning phase, which are inevitable due to the individual nature of most incidents). Agencies may then be involved in recovery following the incident, where they assist in the clear up from the incident, or help the people involved overcome their mental trauma. The final phase in the circle is mitigation, which involves taking steps to ensure no re-occurrence is possible, or putting additional plans in place to ensure less damage is done. This should feed back in to the preparedness stage, with updated plans in place to deal with future emergencies, thus completing the circle. Translate the nouns and write the verbs they are derived from: recovery ___________________ prevention_________________ preparedness _______________ mitigation _________________ response __________________ management _______________ protection_________________ evacuation_________________ reduction_ _________________ improvement________________ Fill in prepositions if they are needed and write down your own sentences: To reduce____ hazards; to prevent_____ fires; to protect ____ flooding; to rovide ____efficient tools; to respond ____emergency; to recover ____ disaster. Fill in the table with the information of the text:
Read and translate the Text C:   Система охраняемых территорий в США Изучение особо охраняемых природных территорий(ООПТ) США представляет особый интерес по многим причинам...  ЧТО И КАК ПИСАЛИ О МОДЕ В ЖУРНАЛАХ НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА Первый номер журнала «Аполлон» за 1909 г. начинался, по сути, с программного заявления редакции журнала...  Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все...  Что будет с Землей, если ось ее сместится на 6666 км? Что будет с Землей? - задался я вопросом... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
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