What Time Does the Plane Leave?

Emily: Because you said we must allow plenty of time for traffic jams and accidents.

Emily: I'm going to ask that gentleman what they were announcing over the loudspeaker.

Emily: I don't know. But he looked as though he was listening to the announcement... Yes, I was afraid so. The plane's delayed. It won't be leaving till five.

UNIT 11. INTONATION OF EXCLAMATIONS AND INTERJECTIONS
ИНТОНАЦИЯ ВОСКЛИЦАНИЙ И МЕЖДОМЕТИЙ

Восклицания и междометия, как правило, произносятся с нисходящим тоном: с низким нисходящим тоном, если говорящий хочет, чтобы они звучали весомо, эмфатически, и с высоким нисходящим тоном, если они произнесены менее весомо, более эмфатически и заинтересованнее. Например:

Exercise II. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concentrate your attention on the intonation of the replies.

2. — Hallo, Ann. Pleased to meet you! My best congratulations! They say you've passed your exams successfully.

Michael: Jennifer! Guess what! I've won a prize!,Jennifer:A prize? What sort of prize?

Jennifer: You are clever! What was the prize for? I mean, what did you do to win a dinner for two at Maxime's?

Michael: Well, you're not to laugh — I went in for a competition at the Adult Education Centre — a cooking contest.

Jennifer: You won a prize in a cooking contest! I've got to laugh. Michael, you can't even boil an egg!

Michael: I can boil an egg. I can scramble one, too. Most deliciously. Of course, I'm not a Cordon Bleu cook, like you...

Michael: Probably because you never go in for competitions. I'm glad you didn't go in for this one. You might have won, and then you would have had to invite me to dinner at Maxime's!

В предложениях, содержащих перечисление, обычно каждая незаконченная смысловая группа произносится восходящим тоном. Например:

Exercise I. Read the following sentences. Observe the intonation of enumeration.

1. We saw a good deal during those two weeks. We went to Venice, Florence, Rome and Naples. 2. Which writers do you have to study for your examinations? — Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Pope and Swift. 3. My husband is very fond of outdoor games. He plays tennis, golf, cricket and polo. 4. What lessons did you have today? — We had Latin, maths, French and history. 5. You could easily become an interpreter. You know English, French, German, Spanish and Russian.

1. London offers a visitor a rich store of fascinating buildings. London offers a visitor a rich store of fascinating buildings, streets. London offers a visitor a rich store of fascinating buildings, streets, monuments. London offers a visitor a rich store of fascinating buildings, streets, monuments, and colourful ceremonies.

2. Certain traditions are observed in England. During festivals certain traditions are observed in England. During festivals, holidays certain traditions are observed in England. During festivals, holidays and celebrations certain traditions are observed in England.

1. Britain was the originator of many sports such as football, rugby, golf, cricket, hockey and lawn tennis. 2. Ushinsky made trips to Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy and Belgium to observe school organization there. He travelled, lectured, held conferences and interviews. 3. Russia has large reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, copper, lead and other minerals. 4. Our University trains teachers in many subjects: physics, mathematics, history, the Russian language and literature, geography, biology, drawing, music and so on. 5. The curriculum of our faculty consists of different subjects: psychology, history of education, pedagogics, foreign languages, history of Russia and physical training. 6. The most outstanding world educators are: Pestalozzi, Rousseau, Comenius, Ushinsky, Makarenko. 7. In ancient Greece and Rome children learned writing, reading, arithmetic, music and poetry. 8. The ladies usually talk about the weather, the latest fashions and their friends. The men discuss politics, business, the latest news and football. 9. A woman is an angel at ten, a saint at fifteen, a devil at forty and a witch at four score.

My friend Tom is very capable and he can do some very difficult things. But the easier the thing, the less capable he feels to do it. For instance, he can drive a car, sail a boat, drive a tractor but be cannot ride a bicycle. Isn't that a funny thing?

Tom is a good sportsman. He can play basket-ball, volley-ball, football and tennis. He can also run, skate, and ski very well. But he cannot swim. Isn't it strange?

He learns languages easily too. He can speak English, German, Italian, and French. He can speak, write, and read these languages. He can read and write Chinese but he cannot speak it. He cannot speak a word. How ridiculous!

Exercise V. Read the text, mark the stresses and tunes. Prepare it for test reading.

There are twenty-two universities in Great Britain: sixteen in England, four in Scotland, one in Wales and one in Northern Ireland.

A University consists of a number of faculties: medicine, arts, philosophy, law, music, natural science, economics, engineering, agriculture, commerce and education. After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bachelor's degree, later to the degrees of Master and Doctor.

The leading universities in England are: Oxford, Cambridge and London. English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, history, tradition, internal government, methods of instruction, ways of student life, size, etc. Each university has its own problems, each looks at them in its own way.

UNIT 13. INTONATION OF COMPLEX SENTENCES
ИНТОНАЦИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ

Если придаточное предложение стоит перед главным, то оно обычно выделяется в отдельную синтагму и произносится низким восходящим тоном. Например:

Если сложное предложение начинается с главного, то обычно обе части произносятся нисходящим тоном. Например:

Exercise I. Listen carefully to the sentences below. Concentrate your attention on the intonation of the non-final adverbial clauses.

1. After Peter had locked the door, he went to bed. 2. When the examination was over, Susan had a feeling of relief. 3. When I gave my name, the woman opened the door. 4. If it's all the same to you, I'd rather walk. 5. Next time you are in Moscow, come and see me. 6. When she arrived at the station, the train had gone. 7. If you are going my way I can give you a lift. 8. If a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me. 9. If you could stay longer, so much the better. 10. If you take a taxi, you'll be in time. 11. If we look on our planet's life, we can get a multiplex picture. 12. If you are interested in historical places, visit the Tower. 13. When he comes, ask him to wait. 14. If you don't work hard, you will fail in English. 15. If you know foreign languages you can understand the silence of a foreigner.

Exercise II. Read the following sentences. Follow the intonation line exactly.

Exercise III. Listen to your fellow-student reading the sentences. Tell him what his errors in intonation are.

1. If you are busy today, come tomorrow. 2. When you are tired of London, go down to the sea for a week. 3. Take your car with you, if you've got one. 4. If you want to get a general idea of a country, you must study the map. 5. Phone me up when you come home. 6. When you finish reading this book, I'll give you a new one. 7. If it rains, take an umbrella. 8. She will be happy if she marries Tom. 9. When we were children we used to enjoy playing on the beach. 10. If you cross Russia from the extreme North to the South, you will get a very good idea of the climate contrasts. 11. Go to Westminster Abbey, if you're interested in churches. 12. If you finish your exercise soon, you may go for a walk. 13. I'll be glad, if we come together. 14. Speak louder if you want to be heard. 15. Never speak loudly unless the house is on fire. 16. If you can't speak, learn to listen.

1. When I finish my work... 2. If you can stay longer... 3. If it rains... 4. Let me know when... 5. Nobody can help me if... 6. If the weather is fine... 7. If you want a guide to show you round... 8. When you're tired of London... 9. When winter comes... 1.0. Our delegation will start for London as soon as... 11. We'll phone her later, when... 12. They'll pass their exams if...

— Of course, if you like, I'll be glad if we come together. We'll go to the country if the weather is fine. If it rains we'll stay at home and watch a football match on TV.

Exercise VI. Read the story. Pick out sentences with subordinate clauses at the beginning. Observe the intonation they are pronounced with.

If you're going to stay in London for some time, you can see many places of interest. If you can stay longer, so much the better. If you are fond of arts, visit the National Gallery. The National Picture Gallery is comparatively young. If you stand today in Trafalgar Square with your back to Nelson's column, you'll see the National Gallery. It has been in this building since 1838.

If you are interested in the history of English painting, you'll be curious to know the following interesting fact. In 1777 one of the greatest private collections of pictures was offered for sale. Some of the members of Parliament suggested this collection to be bought and placed in a special gallery near the British Museum. But this suggestion found no support in the House of Commons and the wonderful pictures were brought to Russia. If you want to see these pictures, you can find them in the Gallery of Hermitage.

When you're in St. Petersburg, you can admire a great number of pictures by great British painters: Hogarth, Constable, Turner, Gainsborough, Reynolds and so on.

UNIT 14. INTONATION OF ADVERBIALS
ИНТОНАЦИЯ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВЕННОЙ ГРУППЫ

Обстоятельственные группы в начале предложений обычно выделяются в отдельную синтагму и произносятся низким восходящим тоном. Например:

Обстоятельственные группы в конце предложений, как правило, подуударны или безударны. Например:

Exercise I. Read the sentences. Concentrate your attention on the intonation of the adverbials.

1. During the latest years our country has changed beyond recognition. 2, In 1918 the capital of the country was moved to Moscow. 3. Under tsar Fyodor Moscow was already considered to be one of the largest cities in Europe. 4. In front of you is an ancient monument of Red Square — Pokrovsky Cathedral. 5. On the left you can see the Tower of London. 6. Not far from Trafalgar Square there is a quiet little street. 7. On Tuesday we have two seminars. 8. On the 12th of May I leave for London.

1. There are more than 80 parks in London. 2. There are four seasons in a year. 3. Sunday is a very quiet day in London. 4. They often watch TV after supper in the evening. 5. People like to go to the country for skiing in winter. 6. Thanksgiving Day was marked irregularly after 1623. 7. I fell asleep after a few minutes. 8. There are many good laboratories at our Institute. 9. We see a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas in the hall. 10. You can see a large window on the left.

Exercise III. Listen to the following sentences. Mark the stresses and tunes.

1. The Arctic Ocean and its seas wash the frontiers of Russia in the north. 2. During the Second World War the British Museum was badly damaged. 3. You can find a complete reconstruction of Sherlock Holmes' living-room on the upper floor. 4. The streets are lit by electricity at night. 5. In spring Nature awakens from her long winter sleep. 6. At two o'clock lessons start again. 7. At night millions of stars shine in the darkness. 8. We have a holiday on the first of May. 9. In the picture we can see a sitting-room. 10. We have thirty days in November.

Exercise IV. Complete the sentences and read them. Keep the exercise moving on rapidly.

1. On Sunday... 2. In May... 3. At night... 4. On the ground floor... 5. On the right... 6. At seven o'clock in the morning... 7. In 1872... 8. During the term-time... 9. On the 7th of October... 10. In winter... 11. A few minutes later... 12. In the picture...

— It depends on the season. In winter I usually read or go to the club. In summer I usually go to the country.

— In the morning I usually work in my garden. At three o'clock I have dinner. After dinner I go to the river. At seven we have supper.

— After supper I usually go to the pictures. At eleven o'clock in the evening I go to bed.

Exercise VI. Read the text. Pick out sentences with the adverbials. Explain their intonation.

We have a house in a London suburb. I bought it about fifteen years ago when I got married. It consists of two floors. On the ground floor we have the dining-room, the sitting-room, the kitchen and the hall. In the hall you can see a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas. A staircase leads from the hall to the landing on the first floor. On the top floor we have four bedrooms and a bathroom. On the top of the roof there are two chimneys. In front of the house we have a small garden. At the back of the house you can see a much larger garden with a lawn and some fruit-trees.

UNIT 15. INTONATION OF PARENTHESES
ИНТОНАЦИЯ ВВОДНОЙ ГРУППЫ

Интонация вводных слов в начале предложения зависит от говорящего. Если говорящий не придает значение вводным словам, они, как правило, произносятся быстро, часто неударны и не образуют отдельную синтагму. Например:

Если говорящий придает большое значение вводным словам, они образуют отдельную синтагму и произносятся либо нисходящим, либо восходящим или нисходяще-восходящим тоном. Например:

Вводная смысловая группа в конце предложения обычно безударна или полуударна и продолжает мелодию предшествующей смысловой группы. Например:

Вводная смысловая группа в середине предложения может произноситься как с восходящей, так и с нисходящей интонацией. Например:

Exercise I. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concentrate your attention on the intonation of the replies.

Exercise II. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Mark the stresses and tunes in the replies.

— We generally stay at home. Once or twice a week we go to a theatre or to the picture. We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. Occasionally we go to a dance.

— I'm glad to hear it. Are you doing anything special tonight? If not, what about coming with me to my club? You'd get to know quite a lot of interesting people there.

— I should love to but today happens to be our wedding anniversary and we're going out tonight to celebrate.

— Thank you very much. I could manage to come along tomorrow night if that would suit you.

Well; of course; as a matter of fact; I think; I suppose; for my own part; by the way; generally.

В начале предложения обращение обычно ударно. В официально-деловой речи обращение выделяется в отдельную синтагму и произносится нисходящим тоном. Если говорящий хочет привлечь внимание слушателя, обращение произносится нисходяще-восходящим тоном. Например:

В середине или в конце предложения обращение обычно неударно или полуударно и продолжает мелодию предшествующего ударного слога. Например:

Иногда, если ядерный слог произносится с нисходящим тоном, обращение в конце предложения может произноситься с восходящим тоном. Например:

Exercise I. Listen to the following sentences. Explain the intonation of direc't address. Read the sentences.

1. Good morning, Jack. Hallo, David. Good afternoon, Mr. Davis. Hallo, Dad. Good morning, Janet.

2. Mary, this is my old friend, John Hicks. John, look over there. Peter, hurry up. Porter, will you see to my luggage, please.

3. Children, stand up. Mary, look at the map. Tom, who is on duty? Ann, come to the blackboard.

4. What about you, Mr.Thompson? That's all right, darling. Good morning, Mrs. Wood. Come to Daddy, Johnny. Which will you take, Henry? Your umbrella, Pat. What do you think of this model, madam? Excuse me, sir. What do you mean, George? Did you call, dear?

Exercise III. Listen to this dialogue. Prepare it for test reading. Explain the intonation of direct address.

— Quite well, thank you. Won't you sit down. Excuse me, please. I think that's my niece at the door.

— Hello, Betty dear! I'm so glad to see you. You do look well. I don't think you've met each other before. Let me introduce you. This is my niece, Miss Smith. Mr. White, Mrs. White.

— And now let's have some tea. How do you like your tea, Mrs. White, strong or weak?

— Not too strong, please and one lump of sugar. I like my tea rather sweet, but my husband prefers his without sugar.

— Well, not too good, I'm afraid, and going from bad to worse. In fact, it's the worst year we've had for a long time.

Exercise IV. Listen to these jokes. Mark the stresses and tunes. Dramatize the jokes.

— Oh, aunty, if you want to hear me say it again, then put some jam on that piece of bread.

Приложение, ограничивающее значение существительного, тесно связано с ним и не выделяется в отдельную синтагму. Например:

Приложение, выступающее в качестве дополнительной информации в форме ремарки, обычно выделяется в отдельную синтагму, ударно и произносится тем же тоном, что и определяемое слово, но на более низком уровне. Например:

Exercise I. Read the following sentences. Pay attention to the intonation of apposition.

1. Mark Twain, the famous American writer was travelling in France. 2. The part of Great Britain, lying south of the Scottish border, (Cheviot Hills), and east of Wales is England. 3. All my family (except for me) is involved in farming. 4. Robert Burns, Scotland's bard and the world's poet was born in 1759. 5. My brother-in-law, Peter Smith, is a teacher. 6. I'm speaking of Caracus, the capital of Venezuella. 7. That's my son, the local doctor. 8. Is that your host, the famous steel magnet? 9. That's William the Conqueror. 10. I'm from Dayton, Ohio. 11. Another Englishman John Belias, the author or Little Guide Book of Moscow wrote: "Who would not wish to visit the old capital — Moscow, with its Kremlin and golden domes?" 12. Before bills (proposed laws) can become acts (laws) they must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.

Exercise II. Listen to the sentences. Mark the stresses and tunes. Read them.

1. Buckingham Palace, one of the homes of the king and queen, is not far from the Hall. 2. Jocelyn, my other sister, is seventeen. 3. If the Kremlin is the symbol of Russia then the Saviour's Tower (Spasskaya Bashnya) is the symbol of the Kremlin. 4. The House of Lords cannot originate, amend or reject money bills (bills concerned with imposing taxes and authorising the spending of public money). 5. Another Tower, the Clock Tower, is famous for the clock named "Big Ben". 6. It was designed by Christopher Wren, famous English architect. 7. Geoffrey Chaucer, the famous English poet of the 14th century, was the first to be buried in the Poet's Corner. 8. Here we can see one of the most colourful and stirring of all London ceremonies, the Changing of the Guards. 9. The name of one of London's lost rivers is commemorated in Fleet Street, the former centre of the British newspaper industry.

Exercise III. Read the text. Find the apposition. Mark the stresses and tunes. Render the text.

The Tower of London, one of the most fascinating historical places, is situated on the North bank of the Thames. It dates back from Roman times and was strengthened by William the Conqueror. It was at times a fortress, palace and prison. Many great people were beheaded in the Tower. Among them were Sir Thomas More, the author of the famous "Utopia", Sir Walter Relaigh, explorer and historian and others. As English people are very fond of traditions the Tower guards (Beefeaters) wear the same uniform as the one they wore many centuries ago.

UHIT 18. INTONATION OF AUTHOR'S WORDS
ИНТОНАЦИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ С ПРЯМОЙ РЕЧЬЮ

Предложение, вводящее прямую речь, выделяется в отдельную синтагму и произносится либо восходящим, либо нисходящим тоном, либо на среднем уровне (Midlevel). Например:

Слова автора после прямой речи обычно неударны или полуударны и продолжают интонацию предшествующего ударного слога. Например:

Если слова автора после прямой речи представляют собой распространенное предложение, они произносятся тем же тоном, что и предшествующая интонационная группа в прямой речи. Например:

В косвенной речи это предложение обычно не образует самостоятельной смысловой группы. Например:

Exercise I. Read the following sentences. Observe the intonation of the author's words.

1. "We're not late I hope," I asked. 2. "Pass the sugar, please," she said in a voice just as sweet. 3. "I don't mind," my mother said with a smile. 4. "Are you ready?" he asked in an impatient tone. 5. "Can you come?" he asked quietly. 6. "Please, take one," she said invitingly. 7, "Is this for me?" he asked with surprise. 8. "Do you think it's true?" they kept on asking. 9. Ann says to Nina, "I can give you my book." 10. Peter asks me, "Are there several departments at your faculty?" 11. The girls ask me, "What is the assistant dean responsible for?" 12. The girl asks me if I've got any photos of our Institute. 13. Helen says she is fond of music. 14. Mary says, "We have a big garden in front of our house." 15. Mary says they have a big garden in front of their house.

Exercise II. Listen to the following sentences. Mark the stresses and tunes. Read them.

1. "Right," he said slowly. 2. The teacher said, "Stand up." 3. He asked, "Is education in Russia free?" 4. She asked, "What do American journalists write about the Russian educational system?" 5. "We decided not to give the usual marks,» says Shalva Amonashvili. 6. "They are teaching the children well," said Shalva in conclusion. 7. "My teachers have to be good," said the director. 8. The guide says that there are thirty principal theatres in London. 9. The author says that peace movement in Europe is acquiring diverse forms. 10. The teacher asks who is absent from the lesson.

Exercise III. Read the text. Pick up sentences with direct speech, comment on them.

It was Mrs. Poppets that woke me up next morning. She said, "Do you know that it is nearly nine o'clock, Sir?" "Nine o'what?" I asked starting up. "Nine o'clock," she replied through the keyhole, "I thought, you were oversleeping yourselves."

I woke Harris and told him. He said, "I thought you wanted to get up at six." "So did I," I answered, "why didn't you wake me?" "How could I wake you, when you didn't wake me?" he retorted.

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