|
|
Make up sentences with pairs of adjectives ending in -ing and –ed.amazing – amazed fascinating – fascinated amusing – amused frightening – frightened annoying – annoyed horrifying – horrified astonishing – astonished satisfying – satisfied confusing – confused shocking – shocked depressing – depressed worrying – worried embarrassing – embarrassed exciting – excited
UNIT 6 SUBSTANTIVATION OF ADJECTIVES
1. Some adjectives may be used as nouns and acquire some or all of the characteristics of the noun. In this case they become substantivized. There are wholly and partially substantivized adjectives.
Wholly subtantivized adjectives may have the plural form, the possessive case, and may be used with articles: native (adj)– a native, the native s, a native ’s hut. Some of them may have only the plural form: valuable – valuable s, green – green s. Partially substantivized adjectives denote a whole class and are used like nouns with the definite articles: the blind, the poor.
2. Adjectives denoting nationalities may be wholly or partially substantivized. Wholly substantivized are the adjectives ending in –an/-ian: a Russian, two Russian s, the Russian s; a German, two German s, the German s. The adjectives ending in –se and –ss are partially substantivized and the same form is used for singular, plural and to denote the nation on the whole: a Chinese, two Chinese, the Chinese; a Swiss, two Swiss, the Swiss. The adjectives ending in –sh and –ch are used only to denote the whole nation: the English, the Irish, the Scotch, the French, the Welsh, the Dutch. To denote a person of this nationality or two of them the root -man or -woman is added: an English man – two English men; an English woman – two English women; a Dutch man – two Dutch men.
Note the exceptions: Adjective a person two persons nation Spanish a Spaniard two Spaniards the Spanish Polish a Pole two Poles the Polish/Poles Danish a Dane two Danes the Danes Finnish a Finn two Finns the Finns Swedish a Swede two Swedes the Swedes Turkish a Turk two Turks the Turks
E x e r c i s e s
Use adjectives as nouns. 1) The extremely old people need a great deal of attention. – The extremely old need a great deal of attention. 2) We will nurse your sick people and feed your hungry people. 3) The young in spirit people enjoy life. 4) The rich people will help only the humble poor people. 5) The wise people look to wiser people for advice. 6) The old people who resist change can expect violence. 7) The industrious Dutch people are admired by their neighbours. 8) You British people and you French people ought to be allies. 9) This Irish man retained all sentimental links with Ireland. 10) The rebellious Polish peasants resisted strongly. 11) The British troops have control of the bridge. 12) The blind people need our support. 13) The native people were very friendly. 14) The Russian sportsmen performed well in figure dancing. 15) Are the German people sentimental? 16) Five Chinese people entered the hotel. 17) The Swiss people are fond of mountains. 18) He is an English man. 19) The Turkish people got their independence only at the beginning of the 20th century. 20) The Finnish people live in Finland. 21) A Spanish girl was dancing beautifully. REVIEW EXERCISES
Supply the right adjectival forms for the words in brackets. 1) The scenery is very (to attract). 2) A class of forty is just about (to manage). 3) You are tremendously (energy). 4) The book is full of (humour) stories. 5) How much radiation is (to be permitted)? 6) Driving a car without a license is (legal). 7) The waiting room is a (smoking) area. 8) She doesn’t behave in a responsible way. She is quite (responsible). 9) He cannot read or write. He is (literate). 10) That was the (to conclude) proof that he was the murderer.
Give a comparative or a superlative form for the adjectives in italics. Make other changes if necessary. 1) She is (happy) than I am. 2) She is (happy) person I have ever met. 3) His work was (careless) than mine. 4) His work was (careless) in the class. 5) The problem is (simple) than that one. 6) The problem is (simple) in the book. 7) Is your house much (far)? 8) I’ve got the (little)! 9) My flat is (little) than yours. 10) We have got no (far) information.
3. Give the correct forms for the words in brackets: the + adjective or – ed/-ing adjectives. A just society is a human ideal. We would all like to live in a place where (1) (rich) are not too rich and (2) (poor) are not too poor; where no one would be (3) (shock) or (4) (embarrass) at the way (5) (old) are cared for. (6) (blind) would have as much opportunity as (7) (sighted). (8) (deaf) would be able to develop their skills. (9) (unemployed) would not depend on the state, because no one would be unemployed. The most innocent people in society, (10) (young), would be protected. In this happy place no one would feel (11) (depress) or (12) (distress). Unfortunately, in the real world, life can be both (13) (distress) and (14) (depress). So let’s be thankful for a sense of humour. I recently saw a notice in an undertaker’s window and I wasn’t sure whether it was addressed to (15) (living) or (16) (dead). It said: “Once you’ve tried one of our funerals, you’ll never want to try another!” (Longman English Grammar Practice, p.85) Use the right word order or choose the right forms. (1) (Shoes leather Italian expensive handmade): these are my pride and joy. I own a (2) (old beautiful pair) – or I did until yesterday, when I discovered that one of the shoes was missing. I had left the shoes on my (3) (doorstep back) to do some gardening. My neighbour has a (4) (dog friendly large) called Sam. When I saw that one of my shoes had disappeared, I knew that Sam had taken it. I can’t say he behaved (5) (bad/badly). He just behaved like a dog. Leather looks (6) (good/well) and tastes (7) (good/well), too. I unwillingly gave Sam the (8) (remaining Italian shoe) and then followed him. I not only found one (9) (Italian unchewed shoe), but also a pile of things Sam had been borrowing, including my wife’s (10) (slippers fur-lined red), which Sam had tried for dinner! (Longman English Grammar Practice, p. 87) PROGRESS TEST Unit 1 Convert the following verbs and nouns into adjectives by means of suffixes. 1) The doctor gave me a very (favour) report on my health. 2) He has a rather (bush) beard. 3) The girl looked (thought) for a moment and then answered. 4) It was (courage) of you to save a drowning man. 5) It’s not (respect) to be drunk in the street. 6) She speaks in a rather (book) way. 7) A paid full-time official responsible for organizing and administrating activities of an organization is called a (to execute) secretary. 8) She was born to an (intellect) family. 9) You’ll find this little tool very (value) for cutting. 10) It’s a warm (wool) coat.
Make the adjectives in brackets negative. 11) John remained (violent) in spite of receiving racial insults. 12) He was (obedient) to his mother. 13) He was an (legitimate) child. 14) (standard) expressions are not usually used by educated native speakers. 15) His (reputable) behaviour made me feel sick. 16) The very idea of cheating him is (tasteful) to me. 17) It was a (decisive) victory. 18) Using other people for one’s own profit is (moral). 19) He is still (mature). 20) I am (comfortable) in this chair.
Transcribe the following adjectives.
Unit 2   Что делает отдел по эксплуатации и сопровождению ИС? Отвечает за сохранность данных (расписания копирования, копирование и пр.)...  Живите по правилу: МАЛО ЛИ ЧТО НА СВЕТЕ СУЩЕСТВУЕТ? Я неслучайно подчеркиваю, что место в голове ограничено, а информации вокруг много, и что ваше право...  Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все...  ЧТО ТАКОЕ УВЕРЕННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ? Исторически существует три основных модели различий, существующих между... Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:
|