I. Open the brackets using the appropriate passive forms.

1. The Tower of London formerly (use) as a prison.

2. Progress (make) every day in the world of science.

3. He saw that the table (push) into the corner.

4. Empty bottles must (throw away), the sooner the better.

5. Photographs (take) after the ceremony.

6. I never (speak to) like that before.

7. Ann (show) how to bath a baby by her elder sister.

8. A big battle (fight) here 200 years ago.

9. These books must not (take) away from the reading-room. 10. Milk (use) for making butter and cheese.

I1. In some countries women still (deny) the right to vote.

12. My uncle recently (make) a captain.

13. She fell into the water because she (push).

14. We (suppose) to take your remark seriously?

15. They say she (interview) for the job tomorrow.

16. The newspaper (deliver) before I got up this morning.

17. Milk can (buy) at the shop on the corner.

18. We (tell) there (be) a private bathroom for every room.

19. Next week we (tell) who will be in charge of the depart­ment.

20. I phoned the police when I found out that my passport (steed).

21. A new plug for the television must (buy).

22 Smoking (not/allow) in this part of the building.

23 I (tell) that fifty people (invite) to the reception.

24' The National Gallery (restore) at the moment.

25 During the Gulf War many oil wells in Kuwait (damage).

2 6 He (arrest) by a security guide, who later admitted he had made a mistake.

27 When I entered the room Richard still (examine).

28. I wonder who else is going (to invite).

29. Oranges usually (treat) with wax and then (store) in large boxes.

30. We can't take the car yet: it still (repair).

31. The windows are really dirty: they (not/clean) for years,

32. Do you need (wake) up in the morning?

33. The local cinema (close down) three years ago.

34. Very few typewriters (sell) these days.

MISCELLANEOUS PRACTICE ON THE USE OF THE VARIOUS TENSE-FORMS IN THE ACTIVE/PASSIVE VOICE

1. Bernard and Francis Bashet (be) brothers. They (live) in Paris and (work) with new sounds and shapes for making music. But they always (not/do) this, though; for a long time Bernard (manage) a factory and Francis (run) a business in Argentina. Then about 30 years ago they (take) their savings and (begin) the work they (do) now. First they (learn) about how classical musical instruments (make). And since that time they (begin) inventing their own musical instruments. Now their lives (be) quite varied. They still (invent) new instruments; but Bernard recently (start) working with child­ren as well. He (help) them to discover music without having to read written notes. He and Francis sometimes (travel) too giving concerts on their instruments or setting up exhibitions. Bernard's main complaint? The telephone. 'When an artist (work) ', he said, 'and he (have) to run to the telephone,

something (break) inside. I (agree) with the sculptor who once (say) that freedom for an artist (mean) having a secretary'.

2. It (rain) when we (arrive) at the coast but by midday the rain (stop).'We (think) the rain (last) all day and we (be) very glad it (not/do) because we (want) to do swimming. We (find) a cafe where we (offer) a nice meal. By the time we (finish) lunch the sun (come) out and the temperature (rise) to 30 degrees. We all (run) down to the beach and after we (change) into our swimming things we (dive) in the sea.

3. 1 remember going on holiday abroad for the first time. I just (leave) school. I (study) very hard for my final exams. And I (feel) that I (need) a holiday. A friend of mine (want) to come as well so we (look) at some brochures from the travel agent's. We (read) for about an hour when my friend (find} the perfect holiday - two weeks in Hawaii. We (be) very excited about it. Finally the day of our holiday (arrive). We just (leave) the house when the phone (ring). I (run) back into the house, but the phone (stop) by the time I (reach) it. When we (arrive) at the airport we (learn) that our flight (delay) for six hours. We (get) up very early and rushed to the airport, all for nothing.

4. As soon as little Michelle (take) to hospital her ankle (X-ray) and the X-ray plates (give) to the doctor. He (exami­ne) her ankle thoroughly and (decide) that it (have) to be put in plaster at once. Although her ankle (be) painful, she (not/cry) and everybody (say) how brave the girl (be). Now Michelle's ankle gradually (get) better and the doctor just (tell) her mother that he (be) able to take off the plaster next Monday. Then she (send) home if everything (be) all right.

5. One morning last week I (realize) that my bike (steal) from my garden. I (phone) the police and two officers (come) to my house the next day. I (ask) if I (see) or (hear) anything. I (tell) them I (be) out that evening, and (not/notice) anything suspicious when I (return) home.

Before the policemen (leave) they (tell) me that I (inform) as soon as the bike (find). However, there (be) a happy ending to this story. In the evening I (phone) by a friend of mine. «By the way,» she (say), «if you (need) your bike, I (bring) it back this afternoon. I (borrow) it a couple of days ago.»

6. Dear Mum and Dad,

Just a quick note as I (be) in a tearing hurry. Guess what -I just (interview) by a journalist who (ask) me lots of questions about how I (get) on here in America. There (go) to be an article about me in the local paper. Fame at last! I (send) you a copy as soon as it (come) out. Anyway, the journalist (wonder) if I (enjoy) my stay and how long I (be) in the States. He also (ask) me a rather embarrassing question: 'You (like) American food?' You know I can't stand it! He also (want) to know why I (come) to the States and what I (remember) most and best about the country when I (come) back home. I (find) those questions difficult to answer as I only (be) here two weeks. Don't forget to show the article to everyone!

Love,

Andrej

7. With about 200.000 words in current usage, English (regard) as the richest of the world's languages. Few other languages can match this word power. English (owe) its exceptionally large vocabulary to its ability to borrow and absorb words from outside. Atomic, jeans, khaki and sputnik (be) just a few of the many words that (come) into use quite recently. They (take) or (adopt) from Italian, Hindi, Greek and Russian.

This process of borrowing words from other languages (go) on for more than 1000 years. When the Normans (cross) over from France to conquer England in 1066, most of the English people (speak) Old English, or Anglo-Saxon - a language of about 30.000 words. The Normans (speak) a language that

(be) a mixture of Latin and French. The Normans (give) us 'mansion, city, place', the Anglo-Saxons - 'king and town'. Latin and Greek (be) a fruitful source of vocabulary since the 16th century. The Latin words mini, maxi and the Greek word micro (become) popular adjectives to describe every­thing from bikes to fashions.

8. It (be) last May while we (take) our annual holiday in Brighton that our house (break) into. All our TV and video equipment (steal), but the worst thing of all (he) that the final draft of my husband's latest novel (tear) into pieces. Of course you (hear) about people who (have) their properties vandalized and whose priceless possessions (take), but it (be) a terrible shock, when it (happen) to you, when you know that your home (invade) and that your most intimate belongings (examine) by strangers.

Case notes of a nurse

Ward Sister Sarah Browne is responsible for the welfare of 28 patients on two wards at the London hospital where she (work) for the last 6 years. She (direct) a staff of 12 working in three shifts. There are also as many as 15 student nurses who (assign) to the ward at any one time. It (calculate), she says, that 200 people - doctors, nurses, visitors, students - (move) through her general and acute medical ward in a day. Sister Browne, who is 39, (qualify) as a nurse 20 years ago. She (work) as a clinical teacher and (do) research into psychotherapy for former smokers. Her working week easily (exceed) the 37 hours she is supposed to work. 08.45 The morning report (just/end) and Sister Browne (listen) as a qualified nurse (explain) the insulin injection she is about to give to a diabetic patient. 09.38 Sister Browne (chat) by the bedside of an 85-year-old woman who (wait) for a place in a home for two and a half years.

i1 33 Sister Browne (just/interrupt) by a telephone call. Whatever she (do), she finds herself being summoned to deal with queries and occasional emergencies. Whenever she (enter) a room, she (switch) on a light by the door to show staff and patients that she (arrive). All the nurses (wear) flat white shoes which are essential to lessen the strain of being on their feet virtually all day. The floors are hard but Sister Browne says she (get used) to them and hardly (notice) her aching feet any more.

12.18 Sister Browne (have) a kind word with an elderly patient who (recently/admit) and is very concerned about her dog and four cats. Pets are a particular prob­lem for elderly patients who (live) alone for some time.

15.01 Sister Browne (joke) with a patient who is about to (take) to another part of the hospital for an X-ray. The ward (specialise) in chest diseases and Sister Browne (ban) smoking.

15.55 Now that her shift nearly (finish) Sister Browne (snatch) a moment's rest before driving home. She will be up again at six tomorrow to do the same shift.

NODAL VERBS

2.1. CAN, COULD, BE ABLE

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