Сдам Сам

ПОЛЕЗНОЕ


КАТЕГОРИИ







These bilingual dictionaries date from the Old Babylonian period (1800-1600 B.C.), by which time Sumerian had ceased to be spoken, except by the scribes.





The earliest and most important words in Sumerian had their own cuneiform signs, whose origins were pictographic, making an initial repertoire of about a thousand signs or logograms. Beyond these words, two-thirds of this lexicon now consists of words that are transparent compounds of separate logogram words.

I have greatly expanded the section containing compounds in this version, but I know that many more compound words could be added.

Many cuneiform signs can be pronounced in more than one way and often two or more signs share the same pronunciation, in which case it is necessary to indicate in the transliteration which cuneiform sign is meant;

Assyriologists have developed a system whereby the second homophone is marked by an acute accent (´), the third homophone by a grave accent (`), and the remainder by subscript numerals. The homophone numeration here follows the 'BCE-System' developed by Borger, Civil, and Ellermeier. The 'accents' and subscript numerals do not affect the pronunciation.

The numeration system is a convention to inform Assyriologists which, for example, of the many cuneiform signs that have the reading du actually occurs on the tablet. A particular sign can often be transcribed in a long way, such as dug4, or in a short way, such as du11, because Sumerian was like French in omitting certain amissable final consonants except before a following vowel. Due to this lexicon's etymological orientation, you will usually find a word listed under its fullest phonetic form. Transcriptions of texts often contain the short forms, however, because Sumerologists try to accurately represent the spoken language. Short forms are listed, but you are told where to confer.

The vowels may be pronounced as follows:

- a as in father,

-u as in pull,

-e as in peg,

- i as in hip.

Of the special consonants,

is pronounced like ng in rang,

h is pronounced like ch in German Buch or Scottish loch,

and š is pronounced like sh in dash.

Following the definitions, the lexicon may indicate in a smaller font the constituent elements of words that in origin were compound words, if those elements were clear to me. Etymologies are a normal part of dictionary-making, but etymologies are also the most subject to speculation. It is possible that, in some cases, I have provided a Sumerian etymology for what is actually a loanword from another language.

I encourage scholars to contact me with evidence from productive roots in other proto-languages when they have reason to believe that a Sumerian word is a loan from another language family. In light of the Sumerian propensity for forming new words through compounding in the period after they invented cuneiform signs, it should not be surprising to find this same propensity in words dating from before their invention of written signs.

The structure and thinking behind the Sumerian vocabulary is to me a thing of beauty. We are fortunate to be able to look back into the minds of our prehistoric ancestors and see how they thought and lived via the words that they created.

The lexicon's etymological orientation explains why the vocabulary is organized according to the phonetic structure of the words, with words sharing the same structure being listed together and alphabetically according to their final consonants and vowels, as this method best groups together related words. This principle has been abandoned after words of the structure CVC(V) in this version, as words that are phonetically more complex than this do not group together by meaning. The phonetically more complex words and the compound words are listed alphabetically simply by their initial letters.

The lexicon has been in development over a fourteen-year period. Primary sources included:

dab(2,4,5), dib(2): n., fetter. ДЫБыть, ДАВать

v., to hold; to take, seize, catch; to bind, tie up; to take away; to hire; to receive (motion into open container).

 

dub: n., (clay) tablet; document (motion into open container) [DUB archaic frequency: 229; concatenates 6 sign variants].

v., to store, heap up; to pour out; to move in a circle; to shake; to sprinkle off, strew (with -ta-); to dye (fabrics)ДУБить ткани (reduplication class?).

 

dúb, túb: to kick, flop (said of fish, newborn animals, and slaughtered animals); to strike, hammer, knock down; to (make) tremble, quake; to rumble [DUB2 archaic frequency: 2].

ДУБАСИТЬ

 

hub, hup: depth; defeat [HUB archaic frequency: 1]. ГЛУБЬ,

lub[LUL](-bi): a cut of meat.

nab: ocean; musician; Elamite word for 'god' (ní, 'fear, respect', + aba, ab, 'lake, sea') [NAB archaic frequency: 10].

pab, pap, pa4: father; brother; man; leader [PAP archaic frequency: 501; concatenation of 2 sign variants]. ПАПА

rab, rap: ring; clamp; fetter, shackle; stock; pillory; snare (to slide + open container). РАБ

rib: to be higher in rank; to go away (Akk. rabbu).

 

 

súb, súg, su8: to lead out; to stand; to travel (plural marû su8-bé, said of two or more, such as a herd;

tab: n., companion; pair; sting; fever.

v., to hold, clasp; to bind; to burn; to tremble, shake; to make haste; to join (with -da-); to be/make double (sometimes reduplicated) (side + open container).

adv., together (precedes the modified verb).

zubu, zubi: sickle (zú, 'flint; tooth', + bu[r], 'to pull, draw, cut off') [? ZUBI archaic frequency: 2; concatenates 2 sign variants]. ЗУБ, ЗУБЫ, ЗУБУ

didi: young, small.

 

húd: morning [UD archaic frequency: 419].

lud: a small bowl; a pestle (abundance + motion).

mud: n., heel; handle; a right-angled tool [MUD archaic frequency: 88].

v., to give birth; to be afraid; to frighten (closed container with motion out from).

adj., dark, dim. МУД МУТЬ

múd: blood (closed container with motion out from).

mud3,4: a large vat for beer [MUD3 archaic frequency: 27; concatenates 4 sign variants].

nud, nú: to lie down; to lie together with (with -da-); to lay down (with -ni-); to sleep; to kill (nu, 'not', + éd, 'to go out').

šùde, šùdu, šùd, šu12: n., prayer, blessing [ŠU12 archaic frequency: 1].

v., to pray, bless (šu, 'hand', + dé, 'to hail'). СЮДУ

tud, tu, dú: to bear, give birth to; to beget; to be born; to make, fashion, create; to be reborn, transformed, changed (to approach and meet + to go out).

túd: to spank; to cane (tu, 'to interfere', + motion). ТУД

zid, zi: n., faith, confidence; legitimacy, sanction; truth (zi, 'soul', + éd, 'to go forth').

v., to strengthen (e.g., the levees of a canal).

adj., right (hand); righteous; good; firm; faithful; true; legitimate; lawful; appropriate.

zíd, zì[ŠÈ]: flour, meal (life + motion as in grinding).

lag, la : piece; lump, gob; clod; bulk size, collected mass (abundance + round). ЛАГ

lug, lu: to swarm (said of birds and fish) (lu, 'to be numerous' + , 'noise, sound').

 

rig; ri: to bring; to tend; to pull; to glean, pick (reduplication class) (flowing motion such as re7, 'to accompany, lead, drive along' + ig, 'door, entrance').

rìg: mace, weapon (ri, 'to throw' + ug5,7,8, 'to kill').

sag9, šag5, sig6, sa6, ša6: n., good fortune; (divine) grace, favor.

v., to be/make good; to please, satisfy; to be friendly (with dative or -da-) (reduplicated in ham t u; sa6-ge in marû).

adj., sweet, good, pleasant; beautiful; fruitful (sa7, 'well-formed' + ge(2,6), 'girl').

sagi [SÌLA.ŠU.DU8]: cupbearer (loan from Akk. šaaqû).

šag4, šà: n., intestines; gut; heart; stomach; abdomen; entrails; content; womb; body; interior, midst, inside; bed of a river; will, volition; mood; meaning, significance (grain/excrement + water/urine + chamber) [ŠA3 archaic frequency: 137; concatenates 6 sign variants].

prep., in; at.

šeg4: frost; cold shudder, chills.

šeg8/9: snow; ice (cf., sigga). СНЕГ, ШУГА

 

túg, tu9: cloth; cloth garment (side + to encircle) [TUG2 archaic frequency: 311; concatenates 3 sign variants]. ТУГ

TÚG: fuller.

zag, zà: boundary, border, limit, side; cusp, beginning; territory, district, place; sanctuary; percentage; a measure for fish; shoulder; right (side); front; outside of (life + to encircle) [ZAG archaic frequency: 71; concatenates 3 sign variants]. ЗАГОН

 

dah, tah: n., substitute, replacement [DAH archaic frequency: 21].

v., to add; to multiply; to repeat; to say further; to help (motion into numerousness).

dih(2): to sting; sting, barb, point; sickness, fever; torpidity (?) (cf., ti) (motion + cry of pain + insect).

duh, du8: n., residue, by-product; bran (motion + plant, grass + numerous times) [DU8 archaic frequency: 29; concatenates 3 sign variants].

v., to crack, loosen, open; to untie; to adorn, clothe (reduplicated); to spread; to caulk a boat (with pitch); to gouge (eyes); to bake bread/bricks; to prepare the threshing floor; to remit (a debt).

adj., free.

luh, làh: to be clean, fresh; to clean; to wash; to sweep (la, 'youthful freshness', + he, 'to mix').

mah: v., to be or make large (ama, 'mother of', + numerous) [MAH archaic frequency: 6; concatenates 2 sign variants].

adj., high, exalted, great, lofty, foremost, sublime.

máh[AL]: an adjective for cows (as opposed to for bulls).

pah[LUL]: leg.

suh(2,3,5): n., confusion, disorder; encircling wall (cf., ( iš)ù-suh5) (ussu, 'eight', + numerous, cf. the ancillary meanings of imin, 'seven' - as more than seven, eight is confusing) [SUH3 archaic frequency: 4].

v., to uproot, displace; to relocate, transfer; to become confused.

adj., carefully chosen.

suh4: reed matting (fine, narrow + plant + numerous).

šuku, šug: allotted food portion, ration, provision; allotted field plot (regularly followed by ) (šu, 'portion', + kud, 'to separate').

taka, taga, tak, tag, tà: to touch, handle, hold; to weave; to decorate, adorn; to strike, hit, push; to start a fire; to fish, hunt, catch (can be reduplicated) (te, 'to approach' + aka, 'to do, place, make') [TAG archaic frequency: 48?; concatenates 7? sign variants].

taka4, tak4, tag4, ta6: to abandon; to disregard, neglect; to divorce; to leave with a person, entrust; to open, leave open (reduplication class - ta6-ta6 in marû) (ta, 'to, from', + ge4, 'turn from, restore') [TAK4 archaic frequency: 128; concatenates 2 sign variants].

tuku, tuk, dúk, tug, du12, tu12: n., creditor [KAB/TUKU archaic frequency: 105].

v., to have, own; to marry; to acquire; to receive, get (in marû reduplicated form); to have a claim against somebody (with -da-); to sing, to play music (da, 'with', + ku, 'to build; to lie down').

tuku4, tuk4, tug4: to tremble; to be angry (probably reduplication class) (tu15, 'wind', + ku4, 'to enter').

bala('), bal: n., spindle; bar; turn; term of office; rotating fund; annual contribution to the state [BALA archaic frequency: 19; concatenates 2 sign variants].

v., to revolve; to revolt; to transgress; to change; to transfer, deliver (to someone: dative); to cross over; to pass through; to pour (as a libation; with -ta-); to turn around, go back (bala-e in marû) (ba, 'share', + íla, 'to carry, deliver, bring, support').

bil: to burn; to roast; to heat (soup) (container + to lift, be high).

bìl: sprout, shoot ('it rises').

dal: n., foot-race.

v., to fly (towards something, with -ši-; out of, with -ta- or -ra-); to remove; to be far away; to chase (da,'to hold, be near', + ul,'remote, distant' and ul4,'to hasten').

dalla: n., beam, ray (cf., dálla, 'needle' when made with a bright metal).

v., to be or make bright; to shine.

adj., conspicuous; excellent.

dálla, dála: needle (da, 'to hold', + lá, 'to pierce').

dul(3,4,5); dal: n., protection.

v., to cover; to clothe; to protect; to hide (the object covered often takes the locative case) (verb can be reduplicated as in du6-ul-du6-ul-e) (to protect + ornament).

dul(6), du6: mound, heap; sanctuary; ruins, 'tell'; cleft, cave (redup. in plural) (cf. compound sign verb, du6-ul) (dù, 'to build, erect', + ul, 'ancient, enduring') [DU6 archaic frequency: 37; concatenates 3 sign variants].

gul: v., to destroy, demolish (as preparation for rebuilding); to be destroyed; to obstruct; to extinguish; to cease; to fall upon (with -ši-); to wreck to pieces, to destroy utterly (with -ta-) (reduplication class) (gu7, 'to consume' + ul, 'ancient, enduring') [GUL archaic frequency: 24].

adj., evil; enormous.

hul(3): n., evil (vermin + abundant, numerous) [HUL archaic frequency: 1]. ХУЛ ХУЛА

v., to destroy; to ruin; to harm. ХУЛИТЬ

adj., bad, evil; hated; hostile, malicious.

kul: heavy; thick; sexually mature; to bring together, unite (base + abundant, numerous). КУЛЬ

méli, míli, mél, èle, ìli[KA×LI]; mèl: throat, pharynx; voice (me,'to say, tell' +?; cf., mu7[KA×LI]; cf., Semitic root which manifests in Akkadian as qâlu, 'be silent', but which means 'voice' in Hebrew, Syriac, and Ge'ez [P.R. Bennett, Comparative Semitic Linguistics, p. 50).

milla[IŠ]: (cf., zíd-milla

mul: n., star; constellation; planet; meteor ( i6/mi, 'night', + ul, 'star, ornament') [MUL archaic frequency: 6].

mùl: a destructive insect; caterpillar (mù,'to mill, grind', + ul, 'flower, bud').

МОЛЬ

 

pil(2): to be/make obscure; to be/make dirty, defiled, disgraced (could refer to soot from bil,'to burn'). ПЫЛЬ

sal, šal: n., uterus; vulva (narrow + numerous) [SAL archaic frequency: 435].

v., to be narrow, thin, wide, spacious; to spread; to persist; to belittle. ССАЛ

sila, sil; síl, zil; si-il: to cut into; to divide (si, 'long and narrow', + , 'to penetrate, pierce'). ШИЛ,ШИЛА СИЛА

zíl: to make beautiful, pleasing; to be loving, gentle, affectionate; to caress (usually reduplicated) (cf., zil).

dim: n., bond, tie; rope (dam, 'spouse', modified by i, 'to sprout', that indicates long and narrow as in si) [DIM archaic frequency: 52; concatenates 3 sign variants].

v., to make fast.

dím[GIM]: to make, fashion, create, build (, 'to build, make', + im, 'clay, mud').

( iš)dím: post (cf., dim).

dìm: n., sickness demon; pole of a water lift.

adj., weak (di4, 'small', + àm, 'to be'?).

dim4: n., begging; tendril, clinging vine (cf., dim).

v., to approach; to bow; to beg.

adj., subservient (di4, 'small', + àm, 'to be'?).

dima, dimmu: news, information; intention, decision (loan from Akk. t.eemum).

dumu: child; son; daughter (dú,'to bear, give birth', + mú,'to sprout, grow'; probably pronounced domu).

kam(2): n., grasp, grip. КАМень

kàm: n., tablet; disk (of metal or wood) (ka, 'mouth' + imi, 'clay').

 

nam: (area of) responsibility; destiny, fate, lot, sign; office; governor; province; manner, way; used mainly as a prefix to form abstract or collective nouns, such as nam-lugal, 'kingship' or nam-mah, 'greatness' (n, 'precise essence', + àm, enclitic copula, 'to be') [NAM archaic frequency: 30; concatenation of 4 sign variants].

nám[TÚG]: planning ability; destiny; prince, noble (time; high + to be) [NAM2 archaic frequency: 375].

nim, num: n., prince; flying insect; highland; east; morning (high + to be) [NIM archaic frequency: 109; concatenation of 4 sign variants].

v., to be high; to multiply in arithmetic.

adj., high; early.

adv., above.

sám, šám, sa10: n., equivalent; (barter) purchase; sale price; merchandise (Akk. loanword from šâmu(m), 'to buy, purchase', cf., Orel & Stolbova #2281 *su'um- 'sell, buy') [ŠAM2 archaic frequency: 51].

v., to buy (with -ši-); to sell (with -ra-, ablative) (sa10-sa10 in marû).

šum: n., saw; sickle with serrated edge (ša5, 'to cut, break' + eme, 'tongue, utensil'?; cf., šag5, 'to slaughter') [? TAG archaic frequency: 48?; concatenates 7? sign variants].

v., to slaughter, butcher.

šúm, sum: garlic; onion (Akkadian

tam, ta(5), tú: polished; shiny; reflective; pure; reliable (tu5,17, 'to wash, bathe', + àm, 'to be').

tuma: to break wind, emit flatus (tu15, 'wind', + ma4, 'to leave, depart, go out').

tumu, tum9, tu15: wind; cardinal point, direction (ta, 'from', + , 'to blow'). ТАМА, ТУДА

tumu2,3, tum2,3, tu2,3: to bring; to carry away; to obtain; to be suitable, fit; to prepare (marû singular; cf., de6, lah4) (in marû plural, tùm-tùm[-mu] or túm-túm-mu) (ta, 'from', + ú, 'food', + ma4, 'to leave').

tumu4, tum4[NIM]: to carry (ta, 'from', + ú, 'food', + ma4, 'to leave').

mana, mìna, man, mìn, men5: partner; companion; equal; two (cf., mina, 'two').

men(4): crown, tiara (metaphor of divine en-ship) (me, 'function, office' + en, 'lord') [MEN archaic frequency: 48; concatenation of 2 sign variants].

mén: both; alike (cf., mana).

men2,3: I, myself (cf., me-en). МЕНЯ МЕН

min(3,5,6): (cf., mina and mana).

ninnu, ninu: fifty (nimin/nin5, 'forty', + hà/u, 'ten',). ГЛУПОСТЬ!! Так не строят числительные

 

mina, min(5,6): two; second (, 'woman', + na, 'distinct things', because a woman has two breasts).

tin: n., life; wine [TIN archaic frequency: 93]. ТЫНЬ

v., to cure; to be healthy; to live.

bàra, pàra, bàr, pàr[DAG]; para4, par4[KISAL]: to stretch or spread out; to pass over; to be stretched or spread out (cf., bárag) (interchanges with búru) (ba, 'to apportion, divide', + ra(-g/h), 'to overflow'; cf. compound word, ba-ra(-g)) [BARA3 archaic frequency: 13].

bara4[BAD]: to spread out, open wide; released; separated

bùru(-d), bùr: n., opening; receptacle; hole; mine; depth (Akk. buuru 'cistern, well', cf., Orel & Stolbova #164, *ba'Vr-/*bu'Vr- "well, pit"; could also be Sumerian from, ub4, 'cavity, hole', + úr, 'floor' - the u vowel especially correlates with round objects or openings). БУРЬить, БУРАВЧИК,БУРАВИТЬ

v., to receive; to bore through, pierce; to break into (a house).

buru8: to vomit (Akk. arû IV, parû III, 'to vomit', cf., Orel & Stolbova #120, *'or- "vomit").

dára, dár: n., belt, sash (compare dur, 'bond, tie').

v., to bind, pack.

dàra, dàr: (cf., durah).

dara4, dar4: dark, dim; high (compare dirig, 'to be darkened; to go over') [DARA4 archaic frequency: 81; concatenation of 9 sign variants].

diri, dir: (cf., dirig).

dur: bond; string, thread; strap, tie; amulet chain, necklace; umbilical cord (da, 'arm, side', + ur, 'to surround') [DUR archaic frequency: 58; concatenates 2 sign variants].

dúru, dúr: (cf., duruna).

(anše)dùr(ùr): he-ass; donkey foal (pack animal - cf., dur, 'strap').

duru5, dur5[A]: irrigated; moist; fresh; supple (dé, 'to water' + ru5, 'to send forth shoots'; cf., a-dé, 'fresh').

(anše)dur9[ŠUL]: donkey stallion (usually written du24-ùr or dur9(ùr)) (cf., anšedùr(ùr)).

dur10: ax (compare dar, 'to slice, split').

gara2,9,10, gar2,9,10,11,12: thick milk, cream; cheese (cf., ga-àr-ra) [GARA2 archaic frequency: 106; concatenation of 2 sign variants]. ГОРА

gur, kùr: n., reed basket; measure of capacity - Biblical kor (= 300 sìla in Old Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian periods; = 144 sìla in Old Sumerian Girsu/Lagash; in admin. texts = 2 bariga) [? GUR archaic frequency: 14] (circle + to reap; to send).

v., to make a circular motion; to come back; to return; to give back; to protest, contradict; to reject evidence (in a legal case); to turn away from (object has ablative -ta); to wipe off.

gúr: n., sphere; circle, ring; loop; hoop (circle + ur, 'to surround'). КРУГ

v., to bow down, submit; to curb, subdue; to die (cf., gam).

gùr, ga6: to bear, carry; to be full, loaded, laden (Umma reading for íla sign, cf., mir) (circular container + er, 'to bring'; cf., gur, kùr, 'basket').

gur(4), kur4, gir8: v., to be or feel big; to be endowed with; to turn, roll over; to run; to gallop; to grind (reduplication class) (circle + flowing motion).

adj., thick, coarse; fattened, plump; bright, preeminent; very strong; great (cf., gud, gu x, 'bull').

guru7, gur7, kara6: grain heap ГОРА; granary, silo; a capacity measure, ca. 909 liters (cf., gur, 'basket').

guru8, gur8 [TU]: high; deep. ГОРУ

íri, ír: n., knife, dagger, sword; thorn; scorpion; lightning flash; road; expedition, trip ( iš, 'tool', + ra, 'to strike, stab, slay' with vowel harmony) [GIR2 archaic frequency: 114].

v., to stab; to fulgurate, lighten, flash.

ìri, ìr: n., foot, feet; step; way, path ( iš, 'tool', + uru9, 'support'; úr, 'leg(s)'; cf., idri and ušur for similar and different phonetic developments).

prep., via.

iri2,3, ir2,3: n., booty; captive (additional associations of 'road' and 'sword').

v., to pillage; to capture; to drive away; to take away; to be taken.

iri5, ir5[KAŠ4]: n., refugee, stranger.

v., to run, trot; to seek refuge.

iri16, ir16 [ ÌR×KÁR]: fortress, refuge.

kára, kár, guru6: to encircle, besiege; to impute, accuse; to shine, illuminate; to be bright (of light, day) (reduplication class) (sometimes written for kúr) (place + ur, 'to surround' + a, nominative ending, and ara4, 'to shine') [? KAR2 archaic frequency: 68; concatenates 2 sign variants]. КАРА

kàr: (cf., gàr).

mer(2), mir(2); gùr: n., storm wind; violent storm; north(wind); anger; belt, waistband; an encircling snake (var. of gùr) (me3,6,7,9,'battle', + to flow / circle + ur, 'to surround') [MER archaic frequency: 48; concatenates 2 sign variants].

v., to blow fiercely; to get angry.

adj., fierce, angry, furious.

mur, ur5 [HAR]: n., lungs; liver; fodder for fattening; lattice, grate (mu7,'to shout'/mud6, mú, 'to sing; to blow' + úr, 'root, base').

v., to surround; to guard; to shout; to grind, mill.

demonstrative, thus; so; in this way.

mur7,8: (cf., murgu).

mur10, mu4: to clothe; to dress oneself (reduplication class [?]) (mu10,'woman', + ur, 'to surround').

muru5[MÍ.U4.RU6 = SAL.UD.EDIN]: brother-in-law (mu10,'woman', + rù, 'equal in rank').

muru9: fog, mist, haze (mi,'to be dark', + to flow).

murux [GI.KID.MAH]: reed mat.

sar, šar: n., vegetable(s) [SAR archaic frequency: 102; concatenates 3 sign variants].

v., to insert, enter; to begin; to write; to pay, deliver punctually; to disturb someone; to drive (with -ni-); to drive, chase away (with -ta-); to make hurry, run (to be skilled, precise + flowing motion; for 'to drive away', cf., ús, 'to follow, drive', but meaning probably derives from the act of chasing vermin from the vegetable garden, cf., kar for such a progression from the noun to the verb). ШАР, Шарюсь

adj., driven out, pursued.

sar, šar: a surface measure, 'garden plot' = 1 square ninda = 60 surface shekels = 1/100 iku = 4 square reeds = 144 square cubits = 36 meters2; a volume measure of one square ninda times 1 kùš = 144 kùš 3 = ca. 18 cubic meters = 1,0 gur [= 60 gur ] of capacity = 1,0 gín in weight.

sár: (cf., šár).

šár, sár: n., totality, all; world; horizon; ball, counter, token; the number 3600 = 602 (many, much + àr, 'ring, coil').

v., to be many; to multiply or mix (with -da-); to make abundant; to slaughter; to request, implore (reduplication class).

adj., numerous; innumerable.

šár: a military officer = commander of 3600.

šar8 [NI]: to interpret, explain.

šér, šír: to shine brightly (cf., sír) (Akkadian loan from šaraapu(m), 'to burn').

šèr, šìr: n., decision.

v., to bind; to decide (éše, 'rope', + ur, 'to surround').

šir, sir4: ШАРЫ testicles (many + to go out + to flow; cf., hir, nir, and 2,3) [ŠIR archaic frequency: 24; concatenates 2 sign variants].

šìr[EZEN]; šur: n., song; lament (Orel & Stolbova #2258 *sir-/*sur 'sing').

v., to sing.

šìr: (cf., šèr).

šur, sur: to rain; to produce a liquid; to flow, drip; to extract seed oil; to process wine and juices; to press (out); to spray out; to brew (beer); to submerge; to flash, gleam (šu, 'to pour' + to flow; cf., še 3,7).

šúr: (cf., sumur).

tar: v., to cut; to decide; to determine; to inquire; to smoke; to break, destroy (ta, 'from', + ur4, 'to shear, reap'; cf., dar and nam...tar) [TAR archaic frequency: 56; concatenates 2 sign variants].

adj., deliberate, judicious.

tir: forest, grove, thicket (ti, 'arrows' + ùr, 'beams, rafters'; early example of asyndetic hendiadys).

sisi (ANŠE.KUR.RA): horse (reduplicated si, 'to stand upright').

huš: v., to be angry (compare guz, huz).

adj., furious, terrible, awesome; wild (said of animals); fiery red (Akk. ruššû).

ХУЖе

kùš: ell/cubit = 1/2 meter = 30 fingers [šu-si] = distance from elbow to fingertips; forearm; channel (cf., šu-da) (ku, 'to base, found, build', + many).

kuš6: (cf., kuruš).

muš4: a biting insect (cf., the etymology of muš, 'snake'). МУШка МОШка

muš5[ŠEŠ]: bitter (eme, 'tongue', + ú, 'plant', + eš, 'to anoint'; cf., šeš).

 

 

КАМЕНЬ РОЗО- http://kp.ru/daily/24231.3/431238/







Что делать, если нет взаимности? А теперь спустимся с небес на землю. Приземлились? Продолжаем разговор...

Конфликты в семейной жизни. Как это изменить? Редкий брак и взаимоотношения существуют без конфликтов и напряженности. Через это проходят все...

ЧТО ТАКОЕ УВЕРЕННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ? Исторически существует три основных модели различий, существующих между...

Живите по правилу: МАЛО ЛИ ЧТО НА СВЕТЕ СУЩЕСТВУЕТ? Я неслучайно подчеркиваю, что место в голове ограничено, а информации вокруг много, и что ваше право...





Не нашли то, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском гугл на сайте:


©2015- 2024 zdamsam.ru Размещенные материалы защищены законодательством РФ.