TEXT B. MOVEMENT TO SAVE SEAS AND OCEANS.

1. The living resources of the seas and oceans are renewable. If managed rationally they could provide food and materials probably for ever, but even here, we have a history of overexploitation.

2. In spite of international regulation of intergovernmental organizations, we have failed to protect the world’s fisheries which are dying because their raw materials are coming to an end. This and some other problems are now being thoroughly discussed and the calculations necessary are being made.

3. The only way to overcome a catastrophe is to put the ocean under greater international control, perhaps under that of the United Nations. The freedom of the seas has been too often interpreted as a permission to destroy. The territorial waters of most nations are already being spoiled, but the individual nations must be prevented from ruining the waters beyond their own limits.

4. Waters outside these limits should come under a new ocean regime of the United Nations who should allow the exploitation of the biological resources only with permission and according to strict rules. Under this regime the mineral and other resources of the oceans would become reserves and not for use by this or the following generations.

5. As for our country, concern is expressed for the fate of the Sea of Azov which is located in the south of Ukraine and is connected with the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. The surface area of Azov is small – only 38,000 km². And its average depth of 8 metres makes it unlike most seas. But that is why it is warmed through by the sun.

6. Obeying the law of communicating vessels, through the Kerch Strait the waters of the Black Sea poured into the Sea of Azov. They brought hundreds of millions of tonnes of salts, which abruptly altered the sea’s biological regime. Together with the salts came voracious jelly-fish.

7. Scientists and economists sounded the alarm. Some researchers expressed the fear that if urgent measures were not taken, the Sea of Azov could degenerate into a swamp. So saving the Sea has become a key task.

8. Now the calculations are being done by computers into which biological, hydrological and other data obtained through the exploration of different parts of the Azov are fed. Operation “Jelly-fish” is also under way.

9. It was proposed that this organic matter may be put to economic use. It was discovered that after processing the jelly-fish could serve as high-calorie livestock fodder.

10. In addition, the gelatinous mass goes into the manufacture of sturdy binding material needed in the construction industry.

5.3. Find in Text B English equivalents of the following:

різко змінити, основне завдання, висловлювати побоювання, ненажерлива медуза, висококалорійний корм для худоби, органічна речовина, зменшуватися, забити тривогу, всупереч, дозвіл, заповідник, вживати заходи, будівельна промисловість, занепокоєння, міжурядові організації, робити розрахунки, рибний промисел, рятувати, єдиний засіб, територіальні води, за межами, наступні покоління, середня глибина, використовувати у народному господарстві, скріплюючий матеріал.

5.4. Complete the sentences with the words given below:

1. The world’s fisheries are dying because their … … are coming to an end.

2. The gelatinous mass goes into the manufacture of sturdy … … needed in the … ….

3. The … … of the seas and oceans are renewable.

4. The … …of most nations are already being spoiled, but to overcome a catastrophe the ocean must be put under greater … ….

5. The … … of Azov is small, and its … … of 8 metres makes it unlike most seas.

6. It was discovered that after processing the jelly-fish could serve as high-calorie … …. Besides, this … … may be put to economic use in other fields.

(surface area, organic matter, international control, binding material, average depth, territorial waters, living resources, raw materials, construction industry, livestock fodder).

Divide the text into parts, state the microtopics of each part and express the contents of each part in one or two sentences.

Write a summary of Text B in English.

Project work. Work in groups of 3 or 4. Write 4-6 sentence abstracts of two texts that you have already read. Summarize all the principal information.

TEST 13

I. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences:

1. Everybody … that the Sea of Azov is located in the south of Ukraine.

a) is knowing; b) has known;

c) is known; d) knows.

2. If managed rationally the living resources of the seas … provide food and materials probably for ever.

a) is able to; b) has been able to;

c) could; d) was able to.

3. The calculations necessary … to solve the problem of saving the Sea of Azov.

a) are making; b) has been made;

c) were making; d) are being made.

4. The question … at a press conference in Lviv.

a) is discussing; b) has discussed;

c) discusses; d) was discussed.

5. The United Nations … the exploitation of the biological resources only according to strict rules.

a) is allowed; b) would been allowed;

c) were allowed; d) should allow.

6. The territorial waters of most nations … for lack of any international control.

a) has been spoiled; b) have being spoiled;

c) are being spoiled; d) had been spoiling.

II. Identify the one underline word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct:

1. The only way to overcome a disaster is to put the living resources of

A B C

the seas and oceans under greatest control of the United Nations.

D

2. The chief government efforts have being directed towards

A B

reclamation by irrigation and by flood control, and the checking of erosion.

C D

3. Reclamation of land is a practice of converted unproductive land into

A B

arable land by such methods as irrigation, drainage, improvement of the

C

texture and of the mineral and organic content of soil.

D

4. The rivers and lakes of most countries are being polluted, but the

A B

individual nations should be prevent from ruining the waters beyond their

C D

own limits.

5. As for our country, concern is expressed for the fate of the Sea of

A

Azov which is located in the south of Ukraine and is connecting with the

B C

Black Sea by the Kerch Strait.

D

6. The work aimed at rising the efficiency of water use at reclamation

A B

projects proceeds in two main directions: modernization of presently

C

applied technologies and introduction of operational system of water

D

utilization.

ІІІ. Complete the sentences matching words from the column to the sentence gaps:

а) Match the term to its definition:

UNIT 14

II. GRAMMAR EXERCISES

1.1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the functions of the Gerund:

1. Improvement in dam designing is of great importance in keeping the natural balance.

2. John admitted stealing his wife’s jewels.

3. Would you mind not smoking in our office?

4. In such a short time he has made great progress in learning English.

5. They regretted not going to the concert last night.

6. Nick gave up running because of his doctor’s advice.

7. He would be better of leaving now instead of tomorrow.

8. By thoroughly preparing the experiment they obtained accurate data.

9. Alex is afraid of getting married now.

10. George is not capable of understanding our problems.

11. We enjoyed seeing them again after so many years.

12. Pete was considering buying a new car until the prices went up.

13. Being cordial is one of his greatest assets.

14. Dieting is very popular today.

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