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TEXT B. WATER MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE.





1. Water management began to develop in Ukraine in ancient times. The development of waterways was linked with the Dnieper. The navigation on this river appeared over 2,000 years ago. But the first passenger ship line was opened on the Dnieper in 1850.

2. At the beginning of the twentieth century Ukraine had an inadequate water supply. Only a few large cities had water supply systems. The sewerage and water drainage systems were very limited.

3. In accordance with the plan of the electrification of the country, the problem of the all-round utilization of water resources was tackled in Ukraine. It began with the construction of the Hydroelectric Power Station on the Dnieper. At that time it was the largest water power plant in Europe. The first ships passed through the Dniproges locks in May, 1933.

4. The reconstruction of farming created favourable conditions for the development of irrigation, the construction of large irrigation and flooding systems. Important work was carried out also for reclamation of swamped lands.

5. The water supply to industry, farms and public utilities considerably improved. Special attention was devoted to the water supply of the Donbas and Dnieper industrial areas.

6. Water management developed greatly in Ukraine after the war. New hydroelectric power plants and irrigation and drainage systems were constructed.

7. The Kakhovka hydropower station was put into service in 1956. Four years later the Kremenchuk hydropower plant was constructed and at the same time one of the largest artificial reservoirs on the Dnieper was created.

8. The construction of the two power stations made it possible to irrigate, flood and ensure water supply to the arid southern areas of the country.

9. The fourth stage of the Dnieper cascade of power stations – the Dniprodzerzhinsk HPS was completed in 1963. It was followed by the Kyiv and the Kaniv power stations. Altogether Dnieper cascade of power stations generate a total of 10,000 mln kw-hrs in the average year.

10. It must be said that the water economy of Ukraine has been considerably developed in the recent years. Water resources are used not only for power generation but also for navigation, land irrigation, industrial enterprises. They are a source of the water supply for the population. Many cities, industrial enterprises, state and private farms use underground water.

 

5.3. Find in Text B English equivalents of the following:

водні шляхи, будівництво, ГЕС, меліорація, значно, сільське господарство, зрошувальна система, створювати, забезпечити водопостачання, виробництво електроенергії, електрифікація, дренажна система, заболочені землі, сприятливі умови, в давні часи, в середньому за рік, промислові райони, згідно з..., найбільші штучні водоймища, завершити, загалом, потрібно сказати, судноплавство, приватне селянське господарство.

 

5.4. Complete the sentences with the words given below:

1. The first ships passed through the Dniproges… in May, 1933.

2. The sewerage and water … systems were very limited.

3. Special attention was devoted to the … … of the Donbas and Dnieper industrial areas.

4. The reconstruction of farming created favourable conditions for the development of irrigation, the construction of large irrigation and … systems.

5. It should be said that the … … of Ukraine has been considerably developed in the recent years.

6. The Kremenchuk … … was constructed in 1960 and at the same time one of the largest artificial reservoirs on the Dnieper was created.

(water economy, drainage, hydropower plant, locks, flooding, water supply).

 

Divide the text into parts, state the microtopics of each part and express the contents of each part in one or two sentences.

Write a summary of Text B in English.

Pair-work role-play.

St. A.

– You are a professor. You are examining one of your students. Ask him questions concerning the use of Water Resources in Land Reclamation and Water Management of Ukraine.

TEST 15

І. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences:

1. The are many water reservoirs in Ukraine that … irrigation purposes.

a) serves: b) is serving;

c) has served; d) serve.

2. The navigation on the Dnieper … many years before our era.

a) originate; b) have been originated;

c) originated; d) are originating.

 

3. Extensive reclamation activities … under way in our country.

a) has been; b) is being;

c) was being; d) are being.

4. The power generation … in the recent years.

a) were increasing; b) has increased;

c) will increase; d) would increase.

5. Nowadays water resources … for navigation, land irrigation, industrial enterprises and other purposes.

a) are used; b) are using;

c) were using; d) had used.

6. As the cities and urban population grow, centralized water supply … in importance too.

a) are growing; b) have been growing;

c) is growing; d) grow.

 

II. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct:

1. Experimental work on the use of mineralized sea and underground

A B

waters for irrigation are under way.

C D

2. The Kremenchuk hydroelectric power station proving to have

A B

already repaid four times the money invested in it.

C D

3. The larger arch dam abroad is the Vaiont Dam in Italy, its figures

A B

being 265 metres high and 190 metres long.

C D

4. Today interest is reviving worldwide in the so-calledsmall

A B C D

hydroelectric power stations.

5. The Dniproges has been built in 1932 and at that time it was unique

A B C

in its own way – not in terms of individual technical features, but in terms of the whole.

D

6. The need arose to solve the problem of provide main industrial

A B

centres with energy produced by sources located by thousands of

C D

kilometres away.

III. Complete the sentences matching the words from the column to the sentence gaps:

1. In the early twenties of the last century only a few large cities had … … systems. 1. water management
2. Important work is being carried out for … of swamped lands. 2. canals
3. … … developed greatly in Ukraine after the war. 3. power stations
4. The construction of these … … made it possible to ensure water supply to the arid areas of the country. 4. underground water
5. A lot of cities, industrial enterprises and farms use … …. 5. reclamation
6. There are some single-purpose … used for purely irrigation needs. 6. water supply

IV. Match the term to its definition:

1. reservoir 1. A traffic route by water, a navigable channel, especially a dredged river or canal.
2. sewerage 2. A part of a canal or river enclosed between gates, in which the level of the water can be controlled, thus providing access from one level reach of navigable water to another.
3. cascade 3. A place, especially an artificial lake, where a large quantity of water is collected and stored to be piped to a city or used for irrigation, hydroelectric power etc.
4. waterway 4. A series of stages in an apparatus or process in which each stage derives from the preceding one and acts upon its output.
5. lock 5. The act or practice of travelling by ship or aircraft across, over a sea, river etc.
6. navigation 6. The system of underground tunnels carrying off the drainage and waste matter from a house or town.

 

 


ГРАМАТИЧНИЙ КОМЕНТАР

GRAMMAR REFERENCE GUIDE

UNIT 1

§ 1. Артикль. В англійській мові є три артиклі:

– неозначений (the indefinite artiсle);

– означений (the definite artiсle);

– нульовий (the zero article).

§ 2. Неозначений артикль має дві форми: a та an.

А вживається перед словами, що починаються із приголосного звука, an – перед словами, що починаються із голосного звука. (Зверніть увагу: не з букви, а саме із звука, оскільки перша літера може не вимовлятися або не давати голосного звука: a u niversity, an h our, але an u ncle, a h orse).

Неозначений артикль походить від числівника “один” і вживається лише перед злічуваними іменниками в однині.

§ 3. Означений артикль має форму the. Він походить від вказівного займенника “той” і вживається перед іменником в однині і множині.

§ 4. Нульовий артикль – це відсутність будь-якого артиклю перед іменником.

§ 5. Вживання неозначеного артикля:

1) Якщо особа чи предмет, виражені іменником, згадуються вперше (при їх повторному вживанні використовується означений артикль the);

2) Після звороту There is / was / will be перед злічуваним іменником в однині:

There is a blackboard on the wall.

Якщо після звороту йде іменник в множині або незлічуваний іменник, вони вживаються без артикля.

Перед ними можуть стояти займенники some, any:

There are maps on the wall.







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