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Memorize the spelling, pronunciation and translation of the following words.





to execute виконувати
interfarm canal міжгосподарський канал
fertile steppe родючі степи
main canal магістральний канал
water intake водозабір
to accomplish здійснювати
to distribute розподіляти
to adjust регулювати, пристосовувати
upstream-downstream regulation міжб'єфне регулювання
soil-film screen ґрунтоплівковий екран
concrete-film screen бетоноплівковий екран
waterproofing properties водонепроникні властивості
gross production increase приріст валової продукції
excessive надлишковий
wide-coverage sprinkler широкозахватна дощувальна установка
to supply water постачати воду
by means of за допомогою
high-pressure stationary pipeline високонапірний стаціонарний трубопровід
water discharge витрати води, скид води

 

Read the text.

1. On the basis of word-building chains with the stem "irrigate" and "water" and taking into account the geographical names, try to define:

§ what the text deals with (suggest the title for this text);

§ whether there is any information concerning pumping stations in the text and state the paragraph it is in.

 

Translate the text into Ukrainian.

TEXT A.

The Kakhovka Irrigation System has been constructed in the steppes of Tavria, spread over the territory of Kherson and Zaporizhya regions, between the rivers of Dnipro and Molochna.

1. The canals of the System water the vast region of fertile steppe with the total area of 1,100 000 ha.

2. The lands are irrigated by the Dnipro-river waters. Water intake from the Kakhovka reservoir is accomplished by the largest in the world pumping station. Every second the Main Pumping Station pumps from the Dnipro-river 530 cu. m. of water at a height of 24 m., and then it delivers the volume into Main Canal which is central waterway of the System.

3. Water is distributed over the irrigated area by three main canals: the 130 km long Kakhovka Main Canal, the 114 km long Serogozsky Canal and 41 km long Kalantchaksky Canal as well as by the interfarm distributing canal system with the total length of 998 km.

4. The construction of the System's first stage with the irrigated area of 260 thous. km2 was over in 1981.

5. The crops irrigation is executed by the wide-coverage "Fregaf" sprinklers. The sprinklers are supplied with water by means of 200 pumping stations and high pressure stationary pipelines.

6. The water distribution and the crops irrigation is fully automated. The water discharge and the water level in the main canal and interfarm distributaries are adjusted by upstream-downstream cascade regulation. Soil-film screens, concrete-film screens and polyethylene films due to their waterproofing properties help to improve efficiency of the open irrigation canals.

7. In the first days of July 1973 the Dnipro waters were brought to the main pumping station and the first pump units delivered the water into the irrigating system.

8. The fertile steppe watered by the artificial rain gives high yields of cereals, forage and vegetables. The yield of winter wheat reaches 5 t/ha, maize for corn – 6 t/ha, fodder root crops – 52 t/ha, vegetables – 21.5 t/ha.

9. As a result of the first stage construction of the Kakhovka Irrigation System, the farms of the irrigated zone additionally receive on the average 333 thous. tons of cereals, 938 thous. tons of forage (in fodder units), 58.9 thous. tons of meat and 293 thous. tons of milk annually.

10. The initial investments in the System construction and agricultural development of irrigated lands were justified in 7 years.

III. VOCABULARY STUDY

3.1. Translate into Ukrainian the following words with common stem and word-combinations:

– water (n), water (v), water intake, waterway, waterproofing properties, water discharge, water level;

– pump (n), pump (v), pump unit, pumping station, the Main Pumping Station;

– distribute, distribution, distributing canal, distributary;

– irrigate, irrigation, irrigator, irrigating canal, irrigated lands.

3.2. Match the words from the left-hand column to the corresponding translation from the right-hand column:

рівень води interfarm distributary canal
зрошувальна система wide-coverage
стаціонарний трубопровід water level
родючий степ irrigation system
широкозахватний to supply water
обводнювати water intake
подавати воду water discharge
водозабір to water
міжгосподарський розподільний канал stationary pipeline
витрати води fertile steppe

3.3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:

waterproofing properties, to improve efficiency, reservoir, to pump, to be over, high-pressure pipeline, to adjust, upstream, downstream, pump unit, high yields, forage, to justify, agricultural development of irrigated lands.

 


Denotative Grap

Means for Improving Irrigation Canals Efficiency
High yields on the irrigated lands
The Main Elements of the Kakhovka System
Geographical and Statistic Data
Kakhovka Irrigation System
h


3.4. Find in the text and write down English equivalents of the following words:

завдяки чомусь, здійснювати, розподіляти воду, розподільний канал, ґрунтоплівковий екран, зернові культури, багаторічні трави, високі врожаї, щорічний приріст валової продукції, початкові капіталовкладення, сільськогосподарське освоєння земель, головна насосна станція.

 







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