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The holy rites to be observed on Dvadafi (Twelfth) days (in a lunar fortnight)





Sanatana said:

1. Henceforth, О sinless one, I shall recount to you the holy rites to be observed on Dvadashi (twelfth) days (in a lunar fortnight). On observing these Vratas, in this world a man becomes more beloved of Vishnu.

2-10a On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Chaitra, the devotee should perform the holy rite of Madana- vrata.1 A pot with no cracks, filled with white raw rice grains is placed. Different kinds of fruits are placed nearby with stumps ofsugafeane plants. White sandal rpaste is applied over the pot and it is covered with two white clothes. Various dishes of foodstuffs are also kept nearby and gold according to one’s ability is also placed at its side. A copper vessel containing jag­gery should be placed above the pot. It is there that Lord Acyuta in the form of Kama is worshipped with scents and other Upacaras. The devotee observes fast. On the next day in the morning, he should honour a~ Brahmana and give all these things to him. He should feed and give Daksina to the Brahma nas. After observing this Vrata thus for a year, the devotee should give the preceptor a bed accompanied by all the requi­site adjuncts, together with ghee and a cow. A Brahmana couple should be worshipped, and presented with a gold image of Kamadeva alongwith a white milch cow and garments. While giving the charitable gifts he should utter: “May Hari in the form of Kama be pleased”. He who observes Madana DvadasI Vrata thus, becomes liberated from all sins. He attains equality with Hari.

1. W. 2-10 describe the Maitina 4ШаН Vrata. This is recorded by Hemftdri (wrata I 1194-98) and VFJ. P. 230.

10b. It is on this very same day that Bhartr-Dvadasika Vrata is also observed.

11-14. A bed is made with clean bed-sheets spread over it. A gold image of Hari accompanied by Shri is placed over it. A pavilion is made of flowers over it. The observer of the Vrata worships the deity with scents and other things. He keeps awake at night by means of holy dances, songs, and instrumen­tal music. On the next day, in the morning, he should gift away the gold image of Shrihari alongwith the bed to a Prominent Brahmana. He should feed the Brahmarias and give them Dak- sinas to their satisfaction. The married life of the person who performs the holy rite thus, becomes stable. He enjoys worldly pleasures in the course of seven births as well as the pleasures desired in both the worlds.

15-16. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Vaishakha, the devotee should observe fast and subdue his sense organs. With great devotion, he worships Madhava with scents and other Upacaras. He should duly present sweet- cooked rice to a Brahmana till he is satisfied, along with a water-pot saying “May Madhava be pleased”.

17-19a. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Jyesjha, the observer of the holy rite should worship Trivikrama with scents and other things. Then he should present Brahmana with a bowl containing sweet cooked rice. There­after, he should take in a single meal (i.e. once in a day). Trivikrama, the Lord of the Devas, becomes pleased with this Vrata. О Narada, he will grant him extensive pleasures and salvation in the end.

19b-21a. The devotee should feed twelve Brahmanas on he twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Asadha with sweet cooked rice. He should worship them severally with scents and other things in due order. Saying “May Lord Vishnu be pleased with me’5, he should devoutly give them the following things as gifts — garments, staff, sacred thread, ridges, and vessels.

21b-23a On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Sravana, the observer of holy rite should worship Shridhara with scents and other things. He should feed excellent Brahmanas with cooked rice in curds, and give them silver coins for Dakshina. After bowing to them, he should bid them farewell saying,: “May Shridhara, the Lord of Devas, be pleased with this Vrata.”

23b-24. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Bhadrapada, the observer of the holy rite should wor­ship Vamana and in his presence feed twelve Brahmanas with milk puddings. By giving gold as Dakshina, he delights Vishnu.

25-27a. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Alvina, the devotee should worship Padmanabha with scents and other Upacaras. After that in the presence of the Lord, he should feed the Brahmanas with sweet cooked rice. He should present Dak?ina consisting of gold and (sup­plement it) with clothes. О excellent Brahmana, satisfied with this Vrata, Padmanabha grants him the boon of going to Svetadvipa and the desired bodily pleasures.

1. W. 276-35a describe a variety of Vrata different from the one recorded in HD, V. i i.e. in the Bhavifya P. or Hemadri (Vrata I. 1083-84).

27b-35a. On the twelfth day in the dark half of the month of Karttika the devotee performs the holy rite of Govatsa-DvadaSI Vrata1 (the holy rite of cow and its calf). With fragrant sandal paste and other things, the devotee draws the figure of a cow alongwith her calf. He then worships it with flower garlands. With flowers, raw rice-grains and gingelly seeds he prepares the Arghya in a copper vessel in accordance with the injunctions, О Narada, the devotee should offer the Arghya at the feet of the cow uttering the following Mantra: “O Mother, О Mother of cows, born of the milk-ocean, bowed to by Devas and Asuras, О Goddess identical with the Devas, decorated by all the Devas, kindly accept the Arghya. Obeisance be to you. Then he should offer Vatakas (pies) prepared from black gram and other pulses, as Naivedya. Their number may be five, ten or one in accor­dance with one’s affluence. (The Mantra for Naivedya) “O Surabhi (divine cow), you are the mother of the Universe. You are always stationed at the feet of Vishnu (in the region of Vishnu). О Goddess identical with the Devas, please accept the mouthful of morsel given by me; О Goddess identical with the Devas, decorated by the Devas, О Mother Nandini (Divine cow), make my desire fruitful.”

О excellent Brahmana, on that day the devotee should avoid foodstuffs fried in oil or cooked in mudpots; he should avoid cow milk, ghee, curds and butter-milk also.

35b-38. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Bhadrapada, О Brahmana, the devotee should worship Lord Damodara with scents and other Upacaras. With great concentration, he should feed the Brahmanas twelve in num­ber with cooked rice in His (the Lord’s) presence. Then, with great pleasure, he should offer them water pots duly worshipped, filled with water and accompanied by areca nuts, sweet-meats and gold. If the rite is performed thus, the devotee becomes a favourite of Vishnu. He enjoys all worldly pleasures. There is no doubt in this that on death he obtains Sayujya (identity) with Vishnu.

1. The NP. give» two types of NtrAjaixa Vrata. V V. 39-43 are for common people and VV. 44-50 for Kings and nobles. It is a Sdnti Vrata. Kane records other varieties of this Vrata (HD. V. 1. 334-335),

39-42. The rite of Nirajana vrata1 is also recommended, to be observed on this day. Understand it from me. The devotee adorns (with ornaments) the Lord of the Universe, who has thus got up from his slumber. At night-fall the devotee bedecks himself and kindles fresh fires. He worships the Lord by means of Mantras and performs Нота in the fire kindled by a silver lamp that is worshipped by the people, with scents, fragrant flowers etc. О sage, the devotee should perform the Nlrajana (waving of the lights) rite to Hari with that silver lamp. There itself he should perform the Nlrajana rite for all these in the following order viz: to Lakshmi who follows him, to Brahmani, Gaurl, to Yaksa, to Ganapati, to planets, to Mothers, to manes, to mountains and to ail the serpents.

43. To cows, he should perform the Nlrajana (waving of lights) rite and to buffaloes etc. other Maiigala (auspi­cious) rites, with shouts like namah (obeisance),Jaya (be vic­torious) etc. and with the sounds of bells, conchs etc.

44-50. In this great festival of waving of lights, there should be tumultuous noise of the cows with their horns smeared with saffron and their limbs painted with diverse kinds of colours. The king should be accompanied by the chief priest, ministers and servants. He should duly worship horses endowed with all auspicious characteristic signs, the elephants overwhelmed by ichor in their rut, and the royal parapher­nalia such as the umbrella etc. The auspicious character of atmosphere shall be increased with the sounds of conchs, and musical instruments. The king, adorned properly should occupy a newly made throne studded with various jewels. Then a courtesan or a woman of a noble family endowed with all auspicious characteristics should, slowly, perform the Nlrajana rite above the head of the king. This rite is a great Santi (that which subdues and pacifies evils). It should be performed every year by the king or any other rich man who wishes for good health throughout the year. О Brahmana, if the excellent Santi rite named Nlrajana is performed in any country, city or village, the ailments of the people therein are quelled and cured.

51-54a. The excellent holy rite of the Sadhya Vrata1 is to be observed on the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Margaarsa. The Sadhyas are twelve in number. They are stated as follows: Manobhava, Prana, Nara, Yata (v.l. Apana) Vlryavan, Citi, Haya, Nrpa (v.l. Naya) Hamsa, Narayana, Vibhu and Prabhu. These shall be represented by raw rice grains and worshipped with scents, fragrant flowers etc. He should then feed twelve leading Brahmanas. Good Daksinas are to be given to them. He should then bid farewell to them saying, shMay Narayana be pleased.

1. This Vrata of semi-divine beings called Sadhya is recorded by Hemadri (CC-Vrata I. 1173)on the authority of Vifnudharmottara (III. 181.1-3)

54b-61a. On the very same day, the holy rite of Dvadasa- ditya Vrata1 is known to be observed. The intelligent devotee should worship the twelve Adityas viz: Dhata, Mitra, Aryama, Piisa, Sakra, Amsa, Varuna, Bhaga, Tvastr, Vivasvan, Savitr and Vishnu. Every month, on the twelfth day in the bright half, he should assiduously worship them and spend the year thus. At the conclusion of the holy rite, he should worship twelve gold images in accordance with the injunctions. He should feed twelve excellent Brahmanas with sweet cooked rice. The observer of the holy rite should honour them separately and offer the gold image to each. By performing the Vrata, called Dvadasaditya Vrata thus, the devotee attains the world of the sun and enjoys the pleasures therein for a long time. Then, he is born on the Earth among human beings as a pious soul, devoid of ailments. Thereafter, thanks to the merit of the Vrata, he shall accom­plish the Vrata again (i.e. he shall perform it successfully again) О excellent Brahmana, thanks to its merit, he pierces the orb of the sun and attains the Brahman which is unsullied, formless and free from mutually clashing pairs (e.g. pleasure, pain etc).

61b-67a. On this very same day is to be observed the Akhanda Dvadasi Vrata.2 The devotee gets the replica of Janardana made in gold. He should worship it with scents and fragrant flowers as well as other things. In his presence, he should feed Brahmanas, twelve in number, every month. He should take food only at night and subdue his sense-organs. At the end of the year he worships that image in accordance with the injunctions and gives it to the preceptor alongwith a cow. He should pray thus: <cO Lord, if, in the previous hundred births, any Vrata performed by me is broken, may it be rendered unbroken, thanks to your Grace.” Then he should feed twelve leading Brahmanas with milk puddings alongwith sugar-candies. He should give gold pieces as Daksina and make obeisance to them. О Brahmana, after observing the Vrata thus and pro­pitiating Janardana, he shall go to Vishnu’s great region by means of a golden aerial car.

1. Also called K6madeva Vrata in HD. V. i., P. 318 on the authority of CC. Vrata I. 1173.

2. Hemadri on the authority of Viftmdharmottara extends this efficacy of removing the Vaikalya (deficiency) in performing penance or even sacrifices (Vrata I. 1117-1124). AP. Ch. 190 limits the efficacy to seven births only (VV. 3 a 6), a view endorsed by Garufa P. 118.

Hemadri recommends another Vrata of the saffte name for the same purpose, but it starts on Afvina A II. (Ibid. Vrata I. 1103-1105).

67b-76a. On the twelfth day in the dark half of the month Pausa, the holy rite Ru pa vrata1 (vrata for beauty) is said (to be observed). On the previous Dashami day, the observer of the holy rite should duly take his bath and collect cow-dung. О Brahmana, it should be of a white cow or that of a cow of a single breast. It should be gathered from the ether itself (i.e. before it reaches the ground after being evacuated by the cow). О Narada, he should make one hundred and eight balls out of the dung, and dry them in the sun after keeping them in a copper vessel or a mud pot. On the Ekadashi day he should observe fast and worship the image of Vishnu made of gold, in accordance with the injunctions. He should keep awake during the night by means of very auspicious songs,instrumental music, recitation ofhymns, japas, etc. On the DvadasI day, in the morning, he should place the image on a vessal full of gingelly seeds. This latter vessel should be placed on a pot full of water. He should then wor­ship it by means of all Upacaras. By means of attrition (or friction of wooden pieces) and other methods he should kindle a fresh fire. The intelligent devotee shall worship duly and perform Homas with the cow-dung balls one by one, alongwith gingelly seeds and ghee, after uttering the twelve-syllabled Mantra belonging to Vishnu viz. Oih namo IJhagavate Vasudevaya. When hundred and eight oblations are completed he should perform Purnahuti. With an affable mind and great pleasure, he should feed Brahmanas with milk pud­dings. He should offer the image to the preceptor alongwith the water pot. In accordance with his ability, he should give Daksina to the Brahmanas. He should bid them farewell after bowing to them. By performing the holy rite respectfully, the devotee, whether it is a man or a women, attains the blessedness of great beauty. No doubt need be entertained in this respect.

1. A special Vrata in the NP not recorded by Kane.

76b-85. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Pausa, the holy rite of Sujanma-DvadasI Vrata,1 (the holy rite for the attainment of good birth and pedigree) is to be observed. After taking the holy bath the devotee takes the vow of Vrata for the whole year. After drinking water from a cow’s horn, at the outset, he should circumambulate the cow. Thereafter, every month, on the twelfth day in the bright half, he should offer charitable gifts (as follows): — APrastha measure of ghee, four Prasthas of grains and barley, two Ratikas (i.e. the weight of the seed of the Gunja plant (Abrus precatorious) of gold (1-16) grains, half an Atjhaka of gingelly seeds, a potful of milk (or water) a Masa weight of silver, and sweet cooked-rice till satiety; umbrella and half a Masa of gold, a Prastha measure of excellent molasses; a Pola weight of Sandal, a fine thin cloth measuring five Hastas, these are the articles to be given as charitable gifts month by month. He should feed himself on the following: — cow’s urine, water, ghee, four kinds of green vegetables well cooked, cooked barley grains mixed with curds, gingelly seeds with ghee and sugar, water from the Kusa grass and milk. After performing this holy rite for a year, the devotee should get the image of the sun made in gold. He should place it on a flat copper vessel, worship it in accordance with the injunctions, and give it to the preceptor alongwith a cow. He should then bow down to him. Then twelve Brahmanas should be fed and presented with the due Daksinas. О Brahmana, he who performs the holy rite thus, takes his birth in a noble family. He shall be free from ailments. He shall be affluent in wealth and food-grains. His sense-organs shall be unimpaired (i.e. he shall be sound in body).

1. Hemadri recommends this vrata on the authority of Vishnu-dharmottara P. (CC-Vrata. 1174-75).

86-89a. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the month of Magha, О Brahmana, the devotee shall duly and devoutly worship the Salagrama stone and place a piece of gold in its mouth. It is then placed in a silver vessel and covered with two white cloths. The devotee should then give this to a Vedic Scholar and thereafter feed him with milk-pudding along with sugar-candy and ghee (in a quantity) that is beneficial. After observing this, he should take only a single morsel a day. He should be interested in meditating on Vishnu. After enjoying " all desired pleasures here, he attains the abode of Vishnu.

89b-91a. On the twelfth day in the bright half of the final month (i.e. Phalguna), the devotee should worship the golden image of Hari with scents, fragrant flowers etc. He should then give it to a Brahmana, knower of the Vedas. After feeding Brahmanas, twelve in number, and giving them Daksina, he should bid them farewell; thereafter, he should take food alongwith his kinsmen.

9lb-92. The following eight Dvadasls are days on which one should observe fast as they remove sins. The Dvadasls are Trisprsa, Unmilinl, Paksavardhinl, Vafijull, Jaya, Vijaya, Jayanti and Aparajita.

Shri Narada said:

93. О holy Brahmana, what is the characteristic feature of these Dvadasls? What is the benefit thereof? Kindly explain these things to me as well as other things that may also be equally meritorious.

Suta said:

94. On being asked thus by Narada, Sanatana, the excellent Brahmana sage praised his brother, a great devotee of the Lord and said:

Sanatana said:

95. О brother, the question has been pertinently put by you who clear the doubts of good men. I shall recount the characteristics and the benefit of the great DvadaSls separately.

(1) Tri-sprshd:

96. If Ekadashi ceases to be, before the sunrise, the Dvadasi is called Trisprsa (touching three1.) It is highly benevolent.

97. О Narada, he who observes fast on this day and worships Govinda, certainly attains the benefit of a thousand horse-sacrifices.

(ii) Un-milini:

98. If at the Arunodaya time (dawn), the Ekadashi Tithi is over-lapped by Dashami, that day is eschewed and fast is observed on the following Dvadasi day (This is called Unml- linl — that which opens).

99. If on the Unmllim day, the devotee worships Vasu- deva perfectly in accordance with the injunctions, he derives the benefit of a thousand Rajasuya-sacrifices.

(iii) Vanjulikd:

100-102. When at the time of sunrise, the night touches Ekadashi, it shall be avoided and the subsequent Dvadasi which is called Vaftjulika2 shall be the day on which the devotee shall fast always. On this day, the devotee should worship Lord Samkarsana with scents and other Upacaras devoutly. He is the great Lord who bestows fearlessness or Moksha on all. This great Dvadasi yields the benefit of all Kratus i.e. sacrifices. It is said to be the remover of aU sins. It bestows all riches.

1. Three tithis are ‘touched' on this day: Ekndaii before sunrise, Dvddaai all the day and Trayodaii in the last part of that night. Hence the name Tri-sprdd.

2. This (Vafljulikd) dvddaSt exists the whole of one civil day (from sunrise to sunset) and extends over the next day, so that one can fast and have pdra^d on the same Tithi — vide Nirmya Sindhu, p. 48, SmTti Kaustubha 252-253.

103-104. О Brahmana, when Kuhu (new moon) and Raka (full Moon) become increased (i.e are of a longer dura­tion), the DvadasI is called Paksavardhanika (that which increases the duration of fortnight) and it is highly beneficial. On that day the devotee should worship Lord Pradyumna, the Lord of the Universe, the bestower of all prosperity and the increaser of direct sons and grandsons.

105. If, in the bright half, DvadasI coincides with the constellation Magha it is called Jaya.1 It conquers all enemies.

106. On this day, the devotee should worship Lord Aniruddha, the husband of Rama, the bestower of all cherished desires of men and the granter of all blessedness.

107-108. If, in the bright half, DvadasI coincides with the constellation Sravana, it is called Vijaya. On that day the devotee should worship Gadadhara, the besto­wer of all happiness for ever, the greatest resort for all pleasures. О Brahmana, by observing fast on that day, a man shall attain the benefit of pilgrimage of all holy centres.

109. If in the bright half, DvadasI coincides with the constellation of which Brahma is the presiding deity [Rohini? ] it is highly meritorious. It is remembered by the name ‘Jayanti.

110-111a. On this day the devotee should worship Lord Vamana the bestower of Siddhis on men. О leading Brahmana, if fast is observed on this day, it yields the benefit of all Vratas.

If yields the benefit of all charitable gifts; it yields worldly pleasures and salvation.

1. The NP associates the following Duddaiis in the bright halves of the month with the following Nakfatras coinciding on that day:

N. of DoddaSi

Nakfatra

Jaya

Maghsh

Vijaya

Sravana

Jayanti

Rohini

Aparajita

Pu?ya

Expert opinions differ. For example Nintaya Sindhu, p. 48 associates the constellation Pufya with Jaya, Рияапиий with Jayanti.

111b-113. If, in the bright half, DvadasI coincides with the constellation Pusya it is called Aparajita. It is the bes tower of all knowledge. On this day the devotee shoyld wor­ship Lord Narayana, devoid of ailments, the cause of liberation (severance) from the bondage of worldly existence, the ocean of perfect knowledge. О Brahmana, by the observance of fast alone on this day, people will be liberated.

114. If, DvadasI in the bright half of the month of Asadha coincides with the constellation Anuradha, two Vratas must be observed. There is no fault since the presiding deity is the same.

115. Similarly, in the bright half of the month Bhadra- pada, if Ekadashi coincides with the constellation Sravana and if DvadasI coincides with the constellation Rcvatl in the bright half of the month ofKarttika, two Vratas (viz. Ekadashi and DvadasI are to be observed.

116-117. О leading Brahmana, in cases other than these, only one meal is taken on DvadasI day. This is the natural Vrata laid down and it is destructive of sins. Since the Vrata of Ekadashi is always in conjunction with that of DvadasI no rite of Udyapana is laid down. This Vrata has to be performed throughout one’s life.

 







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