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TEXT B. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GROUND WATERGround water serves a great many people who live in rural areas and have a water-supply system of one type or another. The reason is that, among the various sources of supply, ground-water is by far the most practical and safe in nature. Even in a highly industrialized country such as the USA, municipal ground-water installations far outnumber surface-water supplies. It is very probable that, for a long time to come, ground water will be the most important source of supply for most rural communities of the world. The advantages of ground water are: 1. It is likely to be free of pathogenic bacteria; 2. Generally, it may be used without further treatment; 3. In many instances it can be found in the close vicinity of rural communities; 4. It is often most practical and economical to obtain and distribute; 5. The water-bearing stratum from which it is drawn usually provides a natural storage at the point of intake. The disadvantages are: 1. Ground water is often high in mineral content; 2. It usually requires pumping. 6.3. Translate into English: 1. Багато людей у сільській місцевості використовують ґрунтові води. 2. Ґрунтові води більш корисні і безпечні. 3. У майбутньому ґрунтові води стануть найважливішим джерелом водопостачання в сільських місцевостях. 4. Можна назвати щонайменше 5 переваг ґрунтових вод над поверхневими водами. 5. У ґрунтових водах немає патогенних бактерій. 6. Ґрунтові води можна використовувати без очищення. 7. Водоносний шар забезпечує природне поповнення в точці водозабору. 8. Ґрунтова вода містить багато мінеральних речовин. 9. Для добування ґрунтових вод зазвичай потрібні насоси.
Define the main idea of the text. Divide the text into parts, state the microtopics of each part. Render the contents of each part in 1-2 sentences. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of ground water. TEST 4 Complete the sentences with a proper word: 1. Bedrock … various cavities filling with water. а) had; c) have; b) has; d) will be. 2. My brother … a ground-water-supply installation. а) is; c) has; b) are; d) have. 3. We … work much on our English. а) has; c) have to; b) have; d) are. 4. Have you … apples this year? а) much; c) many; b) a little; d) a lot of. 5. Is there … milk in the bottle? а) much; c) a great many; b) plenty of; d) many. 6. My little sister has not … toys. а) much; c) a great deal of; b) little; d) many. 7. I couldn’t … a shower in the morning because there was no water in the system. а) has; c) have to; b) have; d) had. 8. This isn’t my book, that one is …. а) mine; c) her; b) my; d) its. 9. She put on … best dress. а) hers; c) his; b) her; d) theirs. 10. He won’t go to the disco today, he has … work to do. а) many; c) a few; b) little; d) much. 11. My cousin … a hard time preparing for the test yesterday. а) has; c) is having; b) have; d) had. 12. In Turkey the temperature seldom goes … zero. а) below; c) downward; b) above; d) toward. 13. It’s … you and me. а) among; c) into; b) between; d) out of. 14. There is … water in this lake. а) sweet; c) irrigation; b) heavy; d) sea. 15. The saturated zone is situated … the water table. а) above; c) in; b) below; d) through. 16. Sandstone is much more … than granite. а) dense; c) porous; b) fracture; d) aquifer. 17. … is dissolved by water. а) Granite; c) Sand; b) Sandstone; d) Limestone. 18. … zone contains some dirt, rock, air and water to support the vegetation on the Earth. а) Unsaturated; c) Responsible; b) Saturate; d) Ground. 19. I was caught by rain so my clothes are …. а) dry; c) modern; b) wet; d) deep. 20. Ground water requires no further …. а) movement; c) treatment; b) store; d) water-bearing stratum. 21. – It’s raining cats and dogs and I can’t find my umbrella. Do you know where it is? а) – All right; c) – I haven’t a clue; b) – Congratulations; d) – Hurry up!
22. – I had a hard time this summer preparing for entrance examinations. а) – Me too; b) – Of course; c) – Never mind; d) – Just a minute. 23. – …, can you show me that book? а) – I am sorry; b) – Excuse me; c) – That’s right; d) – See you later. 24. – Good luck in your seminar! а) – What about you? b) – Good idea! c) – Same to you. d) – Good luck! 25. He has made … mistakes in his test. а) a lot of; c) little; b) a little; d) a great deal of.
UNIT 5
I. EVERYDAY ENGLISH Telephoning.
1.1. Listen to three phone conversations and decide: – who is speaking to who; – what about; – how well they know each other. 1. P – Peter J – John
2. A – Receptionist B – Student C – Ann, a teacher
3. A – Mike’s flatmate B – Jim
1.2. Practise saying these telephone numbers: 8 050 95 99 001, 097 72 97 823, 63 34 88, 22 04 98, 23 38 05, 63 98 16, 64 59 20, 44 779 02 69 9 45.
Look at these telephone expressions. 1. Who’s speaking? Is it Mike? This is John. / It’s John. (Not there is John, or I’m John.) 2. Complete these expressions from the telephone conversations. Could I _________ Ann Baker? I _________ he’s out at the moment. Can I take a _________? I’ll _________ later. 3. What do these mean? Hold on. I’ll connect you. Speaking.
Look at tapescript T – 5.1. Practise the conversations with a partner. Your teacher will give you a role card. Prepare what you are going to say alone, then be ready to make a call or answer the phone.
II. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 2.1. Replace the of-phrase by the Possessive Case: 1. The new club of the students; 2. The clothes of the boys; 3. The plays of Shakespeare; 4. The voice of his sister; 5. The boats of the fishermen; 6. The conclusions of the expert; 7. The arrival of the actors; 8. The banks of the river; 9. The slopes of the trench; 10. The sides of the pipes.
2.2. Paraphrase the following using the Possessive Case : 1. The pen that belongs to Jack; 2. The camera that belongs to my daughter; 3. The books that belong to her students; 4. The watch that belongs to the teacher; 5. The flat that belongs to my parents; 6. The shoes that belong to the girl; 7. The footwear that belongs to the men; 8. The toys that belong to the children; 9. The car that belongs to the chief; 10. The house that belongs to my brother-in-law. 2.3. Give the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adjectives; Pay attention to spelling: big, heavy, dirty, short, near, bad, famous, little, much, clever, good, expensive, cheap, important, beautiful, practical, pretty, happy, dry, wet, far, weak, ugly, comfortable, quiet.
2.4. Write the opposite:
2.5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of an adjective: 1. London is … (large) city in England. 2. Silver is … (heavy) than copper. 3. This wall is … (low) than that one. 4. December 22 is … (short) day in a year. 5. Iron is … (useful) of all metals. 6. His plan is … (practical) than yours. 7. His plan is … (practical) of all. 8. This exercise is … (good) than the last one. 9. Your cigarettes are … (bad) than mine. 10. This area is much … (dry, wet) than that one.
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