Exercise 1. Define the kinds of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance.

Exercise 1. Define the kinds of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance.

Laura was terribly nervous. (A declarative sentence, affirmative, two member sentence, full, predicate: a compound nominal predicate, extended: no independent elements, no adv mod). Tossing the velvet ribbon over her shoulder, she said to a woman standing by, "Is this Mrs. Scott's house?" (interrogative (вопросительные) general Q, two-member sentence), and the woman, smiling queerly, said, "It is, my lass." (declarative) Oh, to be away from this! (exclamatory) She actually said, "Help me God!" (imperative, formulaic expression) as she walked up the tiny path and knocked. (declarative, 2 member sentence, homogeneous members, subj: 3^rd person singular personal pronoun) To be away from these staring eyes, or to be covered up in anything, one of those women's shawls even! (exclamatory (восклицательные), extended, elliptical). I'll just leave the basket and go, she decided. (declarative complex sentence: 2-member sentence, extended, full, the subject is a personal pronoun, verbal predicate (simple), homogeneous members). I shan't even wait for it to be emptied. (declarative: negative 2-member sentence, extended, full, the subject is a personal pronoun, simple predicate, adv mod of purpose)

Then the door opened. (declarative: 2-member sentence, extended, full, a simple predicate). A little woman in black showed in the gloom. (declarative: simple, 2-member sentence, extended, full, a simple predicate).

Laura said, "Are you Mrs. Scott?" (interrogative sentence: general Q) But to her horror the woman answered, "Walk in, please, miss," (imperative) and she was shut in the passage. (declarative) "No," said Laura, "I don't want to come in. (declarative: negative) I only want to leave this basket." (declarative)

The little woman in the gloomy passage seemed not to hear her. (declarative: negative) "Step this way, please, miss," (imperative) she said in an oily voice, and Laura followed her. ( declarative)

1. "Who is he?" I said.(special question ) (or ‘wh’-question; "who" is the subject) "And why does he sit always alone, with his back to us too?" (special Q) 2. "Did she have a chill?" he asked, his eyes upon the floor. (general Q) 3. You have Mr. Eden's address, haven't you, Mr. Ends? (Tag/ disjunctive Q) 4. Is literature less human than the architecture and sculpture of Egypt?(General Q) 5. We shall be having some sort of celebration for the bride, shan't we, Mr. Crawley? (Tag/ disjunctive question) 6. "Can I see the manager?" I said, and added politely, "alone." (General Q) 7. When had the carriage been back from taking Miss June to the station? (Special) 8. What is the meaning of that? (Special) She is going to live in the house, isn't she? ( disjunctive/tag)9. He couldn't understand what Irene found wrong with him: it was not as if he drank. Did he run into debt, or gamble or swear? ( Alternative Q)10. Were you talking about the house?(General Q) I haven't seen it yet, you know. Shall we all go on Sunday? (General Q)11. Don't you realize it's quite against the rules to have him.(General) 12. How will you carry the bill into effect?(Special Q) Can you commit a whole country to their own prisons?(General Q)

Exercise 3. Point out two-member sentences (say whether they are complete or elliptical) and one-member sentences.

1. He stared amazed at the calmness of her answer. (Galsworthy) (2 member, complete) 2. We must go to meet the bus (2-member, complete). Wouldn't do to miss it. (1 member, elliptical) 3. Obedient little trees, fulfilling their duty. (one-member sentence; nominal) 4. Lucretius knew very little about what was going on in the world. (2-member, complete) Lived like a mole in a burrow. Lived on his own fat like a bear in winter. (elliptical, 1 member) 5. He wants to write a play for me (2-member, full). One act. One man. (elliptical, 1 member, nominal) Decides to commit suicide. (Mansfield) (elliptical, 1 member) 6. A beautiful day, quite warm. (1 member, elliptical) (Galsworthy) 7. "What do you want?" (2-member, complete) "Bandages, stuff for wounded." (1 member, elliptical) (Heym) 8. "How did he look?"(2-member, complete) "Grey but otherwise much the same." "And the daughter?" "Pretty." (1 member, elliptical) (Galsworthy) 9. And then the silence and the beauty of this camp at night. The stars. The mystic shadow water. The wonder and glory of all this. (1 member, elliptical, nominal) (Dreiser) 10. "I'll see nobody for half an hour, Macey," said the boss. (2-member, complete) "Understand? Nobody at all." (1 member, elliptical) (Mansfield) 11. "Mother, a man's been killed." (2 member, complete) "Not in the garden?" (1 member, elliptical) her mother. (Mansfield) 12. Garden at the Manor House. (nominal) A flight of grey stone steps leads up to the house. (2-member, complete) The garden, an old-fashioned one, full of roses. Time of year, July. Basket chairs, and a table covered with books, are set under a large yew tree. (Wilde) (1 member, elliptical, nominal)

1. Annette was completely dazed. (participle) (Murdoch) 2. Their highest concept of right conduct, in his case, was to get (infinitive) a job. (London) 3. I'm five foot eleven (a group of words) in my socks. (Braine) 4. Sally, herself, was quite content (adjective) for a while to enjoy becoming acquainted with her son, washing and feeding him, taking him for walks in the bush, singing him to sleep. (Prichard) 5. Mr. de Morfe was as generous and hail-fellow-well-met (adjectives) with them as ever. (Prichard) 6. I am cold. (adjective) And I always was such (indefinite pronoun) a one for being warm.» (Mansfield) 7. Your resemblance to your mother is very striking. (adjective)] (Murdoch) 8. He did not answer. I was aware (adjective) again of that feeling of discomfort. (Du Maurier) 9. I hated myself. My question had been degrading, shameful. (adjective) (Du Maurier) 10. Their interests were' hers (absolute possessive pronoun) as well as the interests of everybody. (Prichard) 11. He's a good chap. (noun) He makes you feel it's worth while being alive. (Lindsay) 12. Arrived here, his first act was to kneel down (infinitive) on a large stone beside the row of vessels, and to drink (infinitive) a copious draught from one of them. (Lindsay) 13. Either course seemed unthinkable (adjective), without any connection with himself. (Lindsay) 14. The nightmare of my life has come true. We are in danger of our lives. We are white people (noun) in a Chinese city. (Buck) 15. The best thing is for you to move in with me and let the young lady stay with your mother. (infinitive construction) (Abrahams) 16. But she was herself (reflexive pronoun) again, brushing her tears away. (Lindsay) 17. The rest of the time was yours (absolute possessive pronoun). (Douglas) 18. How (adverb) do you feel physically? (Ch. Bronte) 19. Who (pronoun) are you? (Shaw) 20. The Irish are a philosophic as well as a practical race (noun). Their first and strongest impulse is to make the best of a bad situation. (infinitive phrase) (Dreiser)

Exercise 17. Point out the kind of object and say by what it is expressed. Translate into Russian. (Ответы внизу упражнения)

I. What have you got there? (demonstrative pronoun, direct obj) (Cronin) 2. She pretended not to heart ( the inf) (Mansfield) 3. Marcellus found the luggage packed and strapped for the journey. (Douglas) 4. I know all about it, my son. (Douglas) 5. I have to show Dr. French his. room. (Shaw) 6. I never heard you express that opinion before, sir. (Douglas) 7. Halting, he waited for the Roman to speak first. (Douglas) 8. He was with you at the banquet. (Douglas) 9. They don't want anything from us — not even our respect. (Douglas) 10. I beg your pardon for calling you by your name. (Shaw) 11. I found myself pitying the Baron. (Mansfield) 12. I've got it framed up with Gilly to drive him anywhere. (Kahler) 13. He smiled upon the young men a smile at once personal and presidential. (Kahler) 14. Gallio didn't know how to talk with Marcellus about it. (Douglas) 15. Laura helped her mother with the good-byes. (Mansfield) 16. Why did you not want him to come back and see me to-day? (Mansfield) 17. Mr. Jinks, not exactly knowing what to do, smiled a dependant's smile. (Dickens) 18. He found it impossible to utter the next word. (Kahler) 19. Marcellus issued crisp orders and insisted upon absolute obedience. (Douglas) 20. He's going to live his own life and stop letting his mother boss him around like a baby. (Kahler) 21. I will suffer no priest to interfere in my business. (Shaw) 22. Papa will never consent to my being absolutely dependent on you. (Shaw) 23. Do you know anything more about this dreadful place? (Douglas) 24. She hated Frisco and hated herself for having yielded to his kisses. (Prichard) 25. They had been very hard to please. Harry would demand the impossible. (Mansfield) 26. His part in the conversation consisted chiefly of yesses and noes. (Kahler) 27. Michelangelo could not remember having seen a painting or sculpture of the simplest nature in a Buonarrotti house. (Stone)

1. Direct obj, interogative pronoun 'what'
Что там у тебя?
2. Direct object. Infinitive. Она притворялась не сердцем.
3. Direct, noun in common case; indirect (for), noun in comm case. Мацарелло обнаружил, что багаж/вещи уже были собраны и обвязаны/перевязаны/сцеплены ремнями для путешествия.(complex obj: a noun and 2 participles)
4. direct, defining pronoun(all); indirect (about), pronoun 'it' (notional meaning)(with the preposition). Я всё (об этом) знаю, сынок...
5. Direct, noun in common case; indirect (1st type - до этого все indirect и вообще индиректы без указания типа дальше - 2nd type), a noun in cc. Я должен показать Доктору Францу его комнату.
6. Complex obj - personal pronoun + inf; ("you express" - direct obj, noun in cc). Я никогда не слышал, чтобы вы, сэр, выражали это/такое мнение.
7. For-to infinitive construction (indirect) Прервавшись/замолкнув, он ждал, пока Роман(ец) не заговорит первым.
8. Indirect obj, personal pronoun in objective case. Он был с вами/с тобой на банкете.
9. Direct, indefinite pronoun; 'us' indirect, personal pron; direct, noun in cc ('respect'). Они ничего от нас не хотят - даже нашего уважнения.

10. Direct (pardon), noun in cc; indirect, gerundial phrase ('calling you'). Прошу прощения за то, что назвал вас по имени.
11. (gerundial construction) 'myself pitying the Baron' Я поймал себя на мысли, что жалею Барона.
12. ‘to drive him’ (infinitive); Мы обусловились с Желтофиолью, что я отвезу его куда угодно.
13. 'men, smile' (object): Он улыбнулся молодым людям - одновременно лично и по-президентски.
14. Indirect ‘Marcellus’; indirect, pron 'it' (notional).
15. ‘mother’ Direct
16. ‘him to come back’ Complex obj

18. Direct, pron 'it' (formal/introductory); direct ‘impossible’
19. ‘orders’ Direct, noun; indirect (upon), noun.
20. ‘life' - cognate obj; ‘his mother boss him around’ (objective-with-the-infinitive-construction)
21. ‘no priest to interfere’ objective infinitive

22. ‘to my being’ complex obj expressed by the ger.construction. Папа ни за что не согласится/не позволит/не допустит моей полной зависимости от тебя.
23. Direct ‘anything', indef pron; indirect,(preposition)
24. Direct, noun (Frisco); direct, ‘herself’ reflective pron; ‘kisses’ indirect (to), noun.
25. ‘to please’ direct infinitive. Direct ‘the impossible’, substantivized adjective.
26. Indirect (of) ‘yesses, noes’
27. Direct, ‘having seen a painting or sculpture of the simplest nature’ gerund

1. Он посвящал музыке все свободное время. He devoted a lot of time to music. 2. Объясните мне, пожалуйста, значение новых слов. Explain to me the meaning of new words, please. 3. Мы приписываем теплому течению мягкий климат этого острова. We ascribe the mild climate of this island to the warm current. 4. Он открыл нам секрет своего изобретения. He revealed to us the secret of his invention. 5. Байрон посвятил одну из своих поэм Гете. Byron dedicated one of his poems to Goethe. 6. Вы видели, чтобы кто-нибудь вышел из комнаты? Have you seen anybody leave the room? 7. Она объявила нам о своем желании уехать работать на целину. She told us about her intention to go working on (the) virgin soil. 8. Не приписывайте мне того, чего я никогда не делал. Do not ascribe to me things I’ve never done/made. 9. Он посвящает общественной работе все свое свободное время. He devotes all his free time to community work. 10. Мне вчера не починили часы. I didn’t have my watch repaired yesterday. 11. Я никогда не слышал, чтобы об этом студенте плохо отзывались. I never heard anyone speak ill/badly of this student. 12. Я хочу перешить свое пальто. I want to alter my coat. 13. Войдя в картинную галерею, я увидела мою приятельницу, стоявшую у окна. Having entered the art gallery, I saw a friend of mine standing in front of the window. 14. Она хотела, чтобы ей сшили пальто к Новому году. She wanted her coat to be made by the New Year. 15. Спойте нам. Sing to us. 16. Спойте нам еще одну арию из «Евгения Онегина». Sing to us another aria [ˈɑːrɪə] from Eugene Onegin (Юджин).

5. The prior'shearty, warm-cheekedfacewent dark at the mention ofSavonarola'sname. Declarative, affirmative, 2- member sentence, extended, full, subj: face – noun in common case, personal definite, predicate: compound nominal(link verb to go in the past form + nominal part(predicative) expressed by an adj), homogeneous attributes expressed by adj and part II, 2 attributes: nouns in the genitive case, at the mention – adv modifier of time, expressed by noun in common case + preposition,direct obj expressed by a noun in common case (Stone)

6. Ah, to be a soldier, Michelangelo, to fight in mortal combat, to kill the enemy with sword and lance, conquer new lands and all their women? Thatisthe life! (Stone) 1Declarative, -, one – member: inf sentence, extended, elliptical, independent elements: interjection ah, direct address: Michelangelo, detached subjs expressed by inf construction and a bare inf. 2. exclamatory, 2-member sentence, extended, full, subj – demonstrative pronoun, personal, definite, predicate – link verb to be – compound nominal predicate, simple nominal predicative expressed by a noun in common case. 7. Hesaiditin a very mature, man-to-mantone. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete, two-member sentence; definite personal sentence; the subject expressed by a personal pronoun; the predicate expressed by simple verbal predicate; it- direct object, expressed by personal pronoun; adv. Modifier of manner expressed by 1)adjective, 2)set expression)

8. Evidently, George and the sheriffwere getting alongin a very friendly way, for all the former's bitter troubles and lack of means. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete, two-member sentence; definite personal sentence; the subject expressed by nouns in the common case; a simple predicate expressed by a phraseological unit; an adv. Modifier of manner expressed by noun with accompanying words, adv. Modifier of concession expressed by nouns with accompanying words; the close attribute expressed by adjectives; the parenthesis expressed by modal words)

11. Suddenlyall the differencesbetween life and deathbecameapparent (легко) различимый. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. Subj. expressed by noun with accompanying words; the predicate - the compound nominal predicate; the attribute – close; the adv. Mod. Of manner expressed by adverb)

12. Michelangelobegan to see picturesin his mind: of struggles борьба between men, of the rescue спасение of women, of the wounded, the dying. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by a proper noun; the predicate – compound aspect verbal predicate (mixed type), direct obj – pictures, adv.mod. of place; homogeneous attributes (от слова pictures(какие?): of struggles between men, of the rescue of women, of the wounded, the dying)

13. I ama thousand timescleverer andmore charmingthan that creature, for all her wealth. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. Subj. expressed by a personal pronoun, the compound nominal predicate: link-verb to be + homogeneous predicatives, expressed by comparative degree of adj, adv. Mod. Of 1) degree expressed by a numeral, 2) degree,3) comparison, 4) concession), for all her wealth. – detached part

(declarative affirmative, extended, complete two-member; Subj. exp by a personal pronoun; Compound Nominal Predicate by a link-verb to be in the negative form and participle II; indirect prepositional object by a gerundial phrase; adv mod of degree by an adverb)

(declarative affirmative, two-member, complete, extended; Subj exp by a personal pronoun, simple verbal Predicate by a link-verb ‘to feel’ and a noun; homogeneous attributes expressed by infinitives; adv mod of place or manner; a detached attribute; direct address ‘Bertoldo’ – independent part)

16. Miss Fultonlaidher moonbeamfingerson his cheeks and smiledher sleepy smile. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence.. Miss Fulton - The Subj. expressed by personal name; laid, smiled -the predicate –simple verbal; fingers -direct object expressed by a noun; her moonbeam, - her sleepy -the close attribute; on his cheeks- adv.mod. of place; her sleepy smile- the adv. Mod. Of manner expressed by a noun with accompanying words) Miss – close apposition, cognate obj –(a smile)

17. Sallyfound itdifficult to visitanybodyherself. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by personal name; the predicate-? the compound nominal predicate(link verb to find+ predicative difficult; formal object expressed by a personal pronoun it,anybody- direct objects expressed by personal and indefinite pronouns; herself- the adv. Mod. Of manner expressed by pronoun)

18. And surely, no manin his senseswantsthedisastrous consequences of this rushto goany further.

(Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. the subject expressed by noun; the simple verbal predicate; 1) attribute expressed by a set-phrase; 2) attribute expressed by adj.; 3) attribute expressed by noun with accomp. Words; complex object expressed by a noun + inf.; 1) adv. Mod. Of 1) manner (it is detached) expressed by an adv., 2) manner expressed by adv.)

(Declarative, affirmative, extended, impersonal, complete two-member sentence. The subject expressed by the indefinite pronoun; the simple predicate; complex object expressed by the inf.; direct object expressed by a noun; attribute expressed by an adj.)

20. And yet, as though overcome, sheflung down бросилась on a couch and pressedher handsto her eyes.

(Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The subj. expressed by personal pronoun; simple verbal predicate expressed by 1) phrasal verb; and yet - a parenthesis; 1) adv.mod. of manner expressed by a verb and a conjunction, 2) adv.mod. of place,3) adv.mod. of place; direct object expressed by a noun and a pronoun)

21. Itwas asimpleface and could have been handsome, in spite of its saffron жёлто-оранжевый цвет colouring, but for the soft, full mouth. (Cronin) declarative affirmative, two-member, complete, extended, Demonstrative subj IT, predicate compound nominal: link-verb to be in the past form + predicative expressed by a noun in common case verbal modal predicate(exp by a modal verb can in the perfect form), adverbial modifier of concession(expressed by conj, a noun in a common case, + adj, adverbial modifier of condition: here we can observe 2 homogeneous adjs(если будем рассматривать отдельно) expressed by a noun in a common case+ adj).

22. The Lieutenant [le'tenənt], without cap, sword [sɔ:d]/ 1) меч or gloves, and much improved in temper and spirits by his meal,chooses the lady'ssideof the room, and waits, much at his ease, for Napoleonto begin. (Shaw) declarative affirmative, two-member, complete, extended, the subj – close apposition denoting a rank, simple verbal predicate, The For-to-Infinitive Construction: for Napoleonto begin, detached attributes or adv modifiers of manner: expressed by nouns and accompanying words, detached adv mod of manner.(or degree(much?)

23. With his strange, hawking [hɔ:k] распространять cry and the jangle of the cansthe milk-boywenthis rounds. (Mansfield) declarative affirmative, two-member, complete, extended, subj expressed by a noun in CC, compound nominal predicate link verb to go in past form + personal pronoun in the obj case+ noun in plural /or this all “ went his rounds” can be treated as a phraseological phrase), adv mod of manner( With his strange, hawking [hɔ:k] распространять cry and the jangle of the cans).

24. The man and daughter, the mother being dead, brought their l etterfrom a church in West Tennessee and were accepted forthwith into fellowship. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by nouns; the predicates –simple verbal; direct objects expressed by nouns;close attribute expressed by pronoun; the adv. Mod. Of place expressed by a noun with accompanying words; the adv. Mod. Of manner expressed by adv; the mother being dead - detached adv.mod. expressed by nominative absolute participial constraction)

25. Hecould not bringhimselfto faceStanek. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by personal pronoun;the predicate- compound verbal modal predicate;direct object expressed by pronoun; the adv. Mod. Of place expressed by noun;close attribute expressed by personal name)

26. Therewas a two-storey newwing,with a smartbathroombetweeneachtwobedrooms and almost up-to-datefittings. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by noun; the predicates –simple verbal; there -adv.mod. of place; betweenbedrooms and fittings - adv.mod. of place; two-storey new- close attributes expressed by adv; a smart - close attribute expressed by adjective; bathroom- direct objects expressed by noun;each two-close attributes expressed by an edj and numeral; up-to-date- close attributes expressed by an edj)

27. Her [Aileen's]eyesgleamed almost pleadingly for all herhauteur, like a spirited collie's, and hereventeethshowed beautifully. (Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The Subj. expressed by nouns; the predicates –simple verbal; direct objects expressed by noun;close attribute expressed by pronouns; the adv. Mod. Of degree expressed by an adv; the adv. Mod. Of manner expressed by adverbs)

28. In the afternoon, leaning from my window, Isawhim passdown the street, walkingtremulously and carrying the bag.

(Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. subj. Expressed by personal pronoun; simple verbal predicate; him; the bag – direct objects; homogeneous attributes (expr. By verbs); adv. Mod. Of 1) time; 2) manner expr. By participial phrase; 3) of place; 4) of manner)

29. Amazed and amused, theywatchedwhitemenscurrying снующих about the ridge хребет, digging and burrowinginto the earthlikegreatrats крысики.

(Declarative, affirmative, extended, complete two-member sentence. The subj. expressed by personal pronoun; simple verbal predicate; men – direct object; white (an adj.), scurrying, digging,burrowing – homogeneous attributes expressed by participles; adv.mod. of 1) manner (participle II); 2) place; 3)place; 4)comparison; great – attribute)

30. Hesat downby the oak tree, in the sun, his fur coat thrown open, his hat roofing with its flat top the pale square of his face. (Galsworthy) declarative affirmative, two-member, complete, extended, subj expressed by a personal pronoun he, simple verbal predicate, 1. Adv mod of place expressed by a noun and accompanying words, 2. Adv mod of place expressed by a noun in the common case + preposition “in”, 3,4 adv modS of attendant circumstances – expressed by a noun and accompanying words(если что, то среди них есть participle II)

Exercise 1. Point out the coordinate clauses (mark the elliptical ones) and comment on the way they are joined.

1. It was high summer, and the hay harvest was almost over. (causative ccordination) (Lawrence) 2. All the rooms were brightly lighted, but there seemed to be complete silence in the house. (adversative coordination) (Murdoch) 3. One small group was playing cards, [another sat about a table and drank, or, tiring of that, adjourned to a large room to dance to the music of the victrola or player-piano]. (asyndetically) (Dreiser) 4. His eyes were bloodshot and heavy, his face a deadly white, and his body bent as if with age. (elliptical) (Dickens) 5. He only smiled, however, [ and there was comfort in his hearty rejoinder], [ for there seemed to be a whole sensible world behind it]. (Priestley) 6. You'll either sail this boat correctly or you'll never go out with me again. (disjunctive) (Dreiser) 7. Time passed, and she came to no conclusion, nor did any opportunities come her way for making a closer study of Mischa. (copulative, adversative) (Murdoch) 8. She often enjoyed Annette's company, yet (=но) the child made her nervous. (adversative c.) (Murdoch) 9. She ran through another set of rooms, breathless, her feet scarcely touching the surface of the soft carpets; then a final doorway suddenly and unexpectedly let her out into the street. (asydentically) (Murdoch) 10. It was early afternoon, but very dark outside (adversative c.), and the lamps had already been turned on. (causative c., elliptical) (Murdoch) 11. A large number of expensive Christmas cards were arrayed on the piano; while (=a) upon the walls dark evergreens, tied into various clever swags of red and silver ribbon, further proclaimed the season. (copulative c.) (Murdoch) 12. Brangwen never smoked cigarettes, yet he took the one offered, fumbling painfully with thick fingers, blushing to the roots of his hair. (adversative) (Lawrence)

Exercise 2. Define the kinds of subordinate clauses (subject, object and predicative clauses). Translate into Russian.*масса запутанности*

1. Miss Casement stopped what she was doing and stared at Rainsborough. (Murdoch) obj clause connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” 2. What you saw tonight was an ending. Subj clause is connected by means of connective “what” (Murdoch) 3. About what was to come she reflected not at all. Obj clause is connected with the principal clause by means of connective by prep “about” (Murdoch) 4. It's odd how it hurts at these times not to be part of your proper family. Subj clause Is connected with the principle clause by means of a conjunctive pronoun “how” (Murdoch) 5. The trouble with you, Martin, is that you are always looking for a master. Predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Murdoch) 6. Suddenly realizing what had happened, she sprang бростаться, прыгнуть to her feet. Predicative, Но если еще в нем смотреть, то там есть obj clause is connected with the principal clause asyndetically (Caldwell) 7. "It looks as though spring will never come," she remarked. Predicative clause is connected asyndetically 2 independent clauses(a sentence containing direct speech) (Caldwell) 8. I want you to sit here beside me and listen to what I have to say. Obj clause introduced by a preposition “ to” (Caldwell) 9. Who and what he was, Martin never learned. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connectives “what” and “who” (London) 10. That I am hungry and you are aware of it are only ordinary phenomena, and there's no disgrace. бесчестье; унижение subj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (London) 11. What he would do next he did not know. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (London) 12. It was only then that I realized that she was travelling too. Subj clause introductory IT is used in the principle clause, is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Murdoch) 13. What I want is to be paid for what I do. 1. Subj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what”, 2. Obj clause is introduced by a preposition “for”, is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (London) 14. I cannot help thinking there is something wrong about that closet. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the construction “there is” (Dickens) -15. And what is puzzling m e is why they want me now. Subj clause is connected with the principle clause synthetically by means of the connective “what” (London) 16. That was what I came to find out. Predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (London) 17. What I want to know is when you're going to get married. Subj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (London) 18. Her fear was lest чтобы не, как бы не they should stay for tea.. Predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the negative conj “lest” (Ch. Bronte) 19. That they were justified in this she could not but admit. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (London) 20. What was certain was that I could not now sleep again. Subj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Murdoch) 21. What vast огромный, обширный wound that catastrophe had perhaps made in Georgie's proud and upright spirit I did not know. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (Murdoch) 22. After several weeks what he had been waiting for happened. (London) 23. And let me say to you in the profoundest глубокий; серьёзный and most faithful seriousness that what you saw tonight willhave no sequel. продолжение (Murdoch) 24. I understand all that, but what I want to know is whether or not you have lost faith in me(потерял ли ты веру в меня)? Predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “whether” (London) 25. He could recall with вспоминать startling clarity what previously had been dim and evasive (object) [ɪ'veɪsɪv]/ 1) уклончивый recollections of childhood incidents, early schooling and young manhood. (Caldwell) 26. It's been my experience that as a rule the personality of a human being presents as much of a complexity as the medical history of a chronic invalid. Subj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Caldwell) 27. He [Cowperwood] had taken no part in the war, and he felt sure that he could only rejoice in обладать its conclusion — not as a patriot, but as a financier. Obj clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Dreiser) 28. He felt as if the ocean separated him from his past care, and welcomed the new era of life which was dawning for him.(predicative) Predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “as if” (Thackeray) 29. It was noticeable to all that even his usual sullen smile had disappeared. Subj clauseis connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Caldwell) 30. That I had no business with two women on my hands already, to go falling in love with a third troubled me comparatively сравнительно little. (Murdoch) 31. I only write down what seems to me to be the truth. Obj clauseis introduced by the preposition “down”, is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (Murdoch) 32. Believe me, believe us, it is what is best for you. predicative clause is connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (Murdoch) 33. Pleasantly excited by what she was doing, she momentarily моментально; мгновенно expected somebody to stop her and remind her that she had forgotten to buy the evening paper and had failed to take the bus home at the usual time. Obj clauseis connected with the principle clause by means of the conjunction “that” (Caldwell) 34. I dislike what you call his trade. Obj clauseis connected with the principle clause by means of the connective “what” (Murdoch)

Exercise 3. Define the kinds of attributive clauses. Translate into Russian.

1. "Everybody who (restrictive) makes the kind of blunder (промах) I did should apologize," he remarked (высказаться) with a pronounced nodding of his head. (Caldwell) 2. Rachel had become aware of the fact that (appositive) she was talking loudly. (Swinnerton) 3. He took after his blond father, who (non-restrictive) had been a painter. Rosa took after her dark-haired mother, who had been a Fabian. (Murdoch) 4. What we are interested in, as author and reader, is the fact that (appositive) publishing in England is now an integral (цельный) part of big business. (Fox) 5. The first thing (restrictive) Martin did next morning was to go counter both to Brissenden's advice and command. (London) 6. The invalid, whose (restrictive) strength was now sufficiently restored, threw off his coat, and rushed towards the sea, with the intention of plunging in, and dragging the drowning man ashore.(на берег) (Dickens) 7. He was suddenly reminded of the crumpled (мятый) money (restrictive) he had snatched (урвать) from the table and burned in the sink. (Caldwell) 8. Georgie, who (non-restrictive) is now twenty-six, had been an undergraduate at Cambridge, where (non-restrictive) she had taken a degree in economics. (Murdoch) 9. He would speak for hours about them to Harry Esmond; and, indeed, he could have chosen few subjects more likely to interest the unhappy young man, whose (non-restrictive) heart was now as always devoted to these ladies; and who (non-restrictive) was thankful to all who (restrictive) loved them, or praised them, or wished them well. (Thackeray) 10. I hardly know why I came to the conclusion that (appositive) you don't consider it an altogether fortunate attachment. (Pinero) 11. He walked to the window and stood there looking at the winter night that (restrictive) had finally come upon them. (Caldwell) 12. What terrified her most was that she found deep in her heart a strong wish that (appositive) Mischa might indeed want to reopen negotiations. (Murdoch) 13. Directly in front of her window was a wide terrace with a stone parapet which swept round to what she took to be the front of the house, which (restrictive) faced the sea more squarely. (Murdoch) 14. He spent half the week in Cambridge, where (restrictive) he lodged with his sister and lent his ear to neurotic undergraduates, and the other half in London, where (restrictive) he seemed to have a formidable number of well-known patients. (Murdoch) 15. I went upstairs to lie down and fell into the most profound and peaceful sleep that (appositive) I had experienced for a long time. (Murdoch) 16. "Palmer Anderson," said Georgie, naming Antonia's psychoanalyst, who (restrictive) was also a close friend of Antonia and myself. (Murdoch) 17. She looked to him much the same child as (restrictive) he had met six years ago... (Murdoch) 18. Rosa had the feeling that (restrictive) she was both recognized and expected. (Murdoch) 19. Maybe the reason you don't want to go to a specialist is because you don't want to change—you want to stay as you are. (restrictive) (Caldwell) 20. Gretta regarded him with a look on her face that (appositive) was unrevealing of her thoughts. (Caldwell) 21. Such light as there was from the little lamp fell now on his face, which looked horrible — for it was all covered with blood. (restrictive) (Priestley) 22. Three days after Gretta and Glenn Kenworthy's Saturday night party, which (non-restrictive) was still being talked about among those who (restrictive) had been present, Royd Fillmore presented a formal resignation to the governing board of Medical Square Clinic. (Caldwell)

1. That is all I can tell you (attributive relative restrictive). (London) 2. He was under the impression that an attempt was going to be made to convict him (attributive appositive). (Dreiser) 3. Whenever she came, which was often, she came quite noisily. (attributive relative non-restrictive continuative). (Dreiser) 4. The things her father said seemed meaningless and neutral. (attributive relative restrictive)5. Then she came to New York where she remained two years. ( attributive relative non-restrictive)6. I opened Palmer's close-fitting hall door, which is always unlocked, and ushered Dr. Klein inside. (attributive relative non-restrictive). 7. What happened was the last thing that any of them expected to happen. (attributive relative restrictive).8. I shook out my scarf which was damp and soggy мокрый. (attributive relative non-restrictive)9. She had no idea where she was going. (att appositive)10. There were times when I wanted to stop the car and tell him to get out. (attributive relative restrictive).11. His hair, which was short sleek and black, was just visible beneath the capacious brim of a low-crowned brown hat. (attributive relative non-restrictive). 12. But he could see now no reason why he should not smoke. (att appositive).13. The bar was crowded with men, which she had expected it to be, and at first she was not able to find a place to sit down. ( attributive relative non-restrictive continuative )

1. One oil lamp was lit in the bow, and the girl whom (who/ that) Mr. Tench had spotted from the bank began to sing gently a melancholy, sentimental and contended song about a rose that(which) had been stained with true love's blood. (Greene) 2. None of us who/that were there will ever forget that day. (Greene) 3. I don't believe all that they write in these books. (Greene) 4. The great protective cover under which the Germans had operated was torn from them. (Heym) 5. I call her probably the very worst woman that ever lived in the world... (Dickens) 6. I saved such of the equipment as could not be replaced, and I saved the personnel... (Heym) 7. Pettinger was pleased that Prince Yasha, who was a cool observer and a military man... estimated the situation exactly as he, himself, did. (Heym) 8. There was a feeling in the air and a look on faces which/that he did not like. (Galsworthy) 9. All that I can remember is that you gave a beautiful performance. (Thornton)

Exercise 1. Define the kinds of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance.

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