Dynasties of Brahmadatta and Urgayudha - narrating Sukra

Markandeya said - At the disappearing of Sanatkumara, because of the grace of the same lord, I was bestowed with the Vijhdnamaya divine sight.

О Bhishma - the son of Ganga, then I spotted Brahmana - son of Kausika at kuruksetra, about whom, the glorious Sanatkumara had mentioned to me.

Pitrvarti - the seventh son, out of them, he was reborn in his seventh birth as a humble Brahmana known as Brahmadatta - the monarch, because of his deeds and noble temperament.

In the excellent city known by the name of Kampilya king Brahmadatta was born from the womb of the daughter krtvi of Suka and his father was Anuha - the best of Pathivas.

Bhishma said: “O king, the way, Markandeya - the great ascetic had spoken time, I shall narrate the said story in the same way. You please listen.

Yudhisthira said - О grand sire, who was the father of immensely glorious king Anhu, who seson was Brahmadatta - the grosious one and when was he born?

What was the strength and power of the king Brahmadatta and how was he the seventh son of Bhardvaja?

The omnipotent Suka, adorable in the world, would never have given his glorious daughter krtvi, in marriage to a person with no strength.

О immensely intelligent one, I would like to listen to the story of Brahmadatta, in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, you kindly narrate the same.

The way Markandeya had narrated to you the story of these Brahmanas, you kindly repeat the same, to me in the same manner.

Bhishma said - О king, I have heard that the king Brahmadatta, ruled the country during the age of Pratipa my grand father, who happened to be a Rajarsi.

Brahmadatta was always engaged in the welfare of all the creatures. He was immensely illustrious and great yogi. He could understand the speeches of all the creatures.

He was the one, who because of the strength of his tapas, created the knowledge of the vedas and arranged the vedic hymns in a systematic manner. He was the friend of immensely glorious Yogacarya Galava. Kandarika, the soul of yoga happened to be the chief minister of the same king.

The seven sons of Bhardvaja were seven times born in seven castes and all the immensely respledent Brahmanas, remained friends of one another in all the births. О king, the way immensely virtuous and the great tapasvi, Markandeya had spoken to me, I repeat the details of the Puruamsis and Mahatma Brahmadatta of Puruarhsa, which you please listen.

О king, It is he who established the city of Hastinapura. Hasti had three illustrious sons, known by the name of Ajamidha Dvimidha and Purumidha. Ajamidha produced a son named Brhadisu from his wife named Dhumini. The immensely glorious Brhaddhanu was the son of Brhadisu.

He came to be known as the immensely virtuous king Brhaddharma. Satyajit happened to be his son, while Visvajit was the son of Satyajit.

Satyajit was the son of Visvajit, while Senajit had four sons who were well known in the world.

The king Senajit lived in Avanti. He had four sons named Rucira, Svetakitu, Mahimnara and Vatsa.

The glorious Prthusena was the son of Rucira. Prthusena had a son named Para, who had a named NTpa.

О excellent one, Nipa had a hundred valorous and glorious sons. All of them were known as the Nipavarhsi kings.

King Samara was the ruler of the city of Kampilya, who was the founder of the NIpavamsa who added to the glory of his dynasty. He liked to wage the war, very much.

Samara had three immensely religious sons, known by the names of Para, Para and Sadasva. Prthu was the son of Para.

Because of the performing of the noble deeds here on earth, Prthu got a virtuous son named Sukrta. Vibhraja was the son of Sukita.

Anuha was the son of Vibhraja. He was the son-in-law of the immensely glorious king Suka and the husband of Krtvi.

Rajarsi Brahmadatta had been the son of Anhu. Yogatma was the son of Brahmadatta, who had been quite influencial and destroyer of the enemies. Because of his deeds, Brahmadatta, was reborn as Visvaksena.

The second son of Brahmadatta was known as Sarvasena. О king, his both the eyes had been damaged by a sparrow named PUjaniya

Thereafter another son was born to Brahmadatta, who was immmensesly volurous and was known by the name of Visvasena.

The king Dandasena was the son of Visvaksena. Dandasena had a son named Bhallata, who was killed by karna, the son of Radha.

О Yudhisthira, Bhallata the son of Dandasena, was immensely strong, a noble soul and was the one who could enhance the race. But the son of Bhallata was quite evil minded.

О king, he was the one, who destroyed the Nipas. He god all the Nipas of Ugrayudha destroyed.

Ugrayudha, who had been extremely arrogant, proud and filled with intoxication was killed by me in the battle.

Yudhisthira said - О grand sire, whose son was Ugrayudha? In which race was he born and why was he killed? You please tell me.

Bhishma said: Yavinara was the learned son of Ajamidha. Dhrtiman was the son of Yavinara. His son was Dhrtiman, who had a son named Satyadhrti.

Drdhamami was the illustrious son of the king Sudharma. Sarvabhauma looked after the people well and was the son of Sudharma, who had been the sole emperor of the earth.

In the glorious dynasty of Pauravas, a king named Mahan was born who delighted his aucestors. Rukmaratha was the ruler and son of Mahan.

Suparsva was the son of the king Rukmaratha. Sumati was the son of Suparsva who had been quite virtuous.

Saunati was the son of Sumati who had been quite strong and virtuous. The strong Krta had been the son of Saunati.

He was the pupil of Hiranyanabha - a great soul of the Kasala country. It is he who divided the soma samhita into twenty four parts, which came to be known as Pracyasama. The reciters of those Samas came to be known as KIrti - Samagas.

Son of the same Krta, was ugrayuda of Paurana dynasty, who with his powers, had killed the glorious Nipa, who was the lord of Paucalas and the grand father of Prsata.

Ksemya was the son of immensely glorious Ksemya. The king Suvira was the son of Ksamya. Nrpanjaya was the son of Suvira. Nrpanjaya had a son named Bahuratha, who was called as Pauravas.

О excellent one, Ugrayudha was quite valorous but evil minded at the same time. He used the great cakra. He caused terrible destruction of Nlpas. After destroying the Nipas as well as the other rulers he was filled with arrogance.

Once after the death of my father, I had been sleeping with my ministers on the ground. At that point of time, they forced me to speak out some deplorable words.

О Rajendra, the messenger of Ugrayudha arrieved before me and told me, “O, the best among the Kauravas, you give your glorious mother Gandhari, the gem among the damsels to be my wife.

In case you do so, I shall surely give you undoubtedly the vast kingdom and riches of your liking, while receiving Gandhari, I shall possess on earth, a precious gem.

When I had been this sleeping over the bed of the Kusa grass, at that paint of time, has masanger, spoke, this words which were burning like the fire flames.

О Acyuta, then I realising the intentions of the evil minded monarch, I ordered my army commanders to fight in the battle field forcely in every respect.

Vicitra-Vhya lived under my refuge, who could not fight, being merely a child. Realising this, then I resolved to fight the battle for myself.

О sinless one, at that point of time, the competent minister, the Rishis well-versed in the Vedas and the friends well-versed in the tattvas presented me from waging the war, explaining to me, the valid reason for the same.

The Ministers said: О lord, the cakra of the sinful one is moving, and you are presently having asauca - (unclean) there this war can not be treated as the genuine one in the first kalpa.

О Bharata, my enemies, at the sight of my invisible Cakra, the enemies take to flight from the battle field.

In case, you are desirous of the welfare of your country, your race besides your own life, them you obey any command, otherwise you cannot remain in peace.”

Let us make use of the polity of Sama, dama, danda and bheda over him and in the mean time you will get purified as well. Thereafter, you bowing in revenrance to the gods, having the welfare mantras recited from the Brahmanas, adoring the Brahmanas and the fire, and with the permission of the Brahmanas, marched towards the battle field for victory.

The old people say, that when one in an unclean condition, one should not enter the battle field and should not use the arms.

Therefore efforts should be made to overpower him by other means. Inspite of that if he does not come round, then, you should kill him in the same way as Sambhasura was killed by Indra, displaying your powers.

One should listen to the words of the learned and elderly people. О king on hearing this. I averted the war for the time being.

O best of the race of Kuru, then the menistis who were well versed in the secence of archery, made immense efforts to establish peace using the methods of Sama, dama, danda and bheda. This made all the efforts in this regard.

But all of them, with the use of all the means of sama, dama etc. could not bring round the monarch who was quite wicked.

О excellent one, in the mean time, the Cakra of Ugrayudha became infructuous, because the sin of his demanding of other’s wife.

The best of the Cakra of Ugrayudha, became infructuous and he initially getting denounced from the learned people, and facing reward of his deed, met with his end. This position was unknown to me.

When I, getting purified, making the Brahmanas to utter welfare mantaras, carrying the bow and arrows in my hands, mounted the chariot and coming out of the city, I started fighting with the enemy army.

Therefore reaching closer to them, the battle went on for three days like the terrific battle between the gods and the demons.

О Subjugators of enemies, then with the glory of my weapons, he was reduced to ashes and fell down over the end of the battle field, where died at once.

О excellent one, at the same time, when Nipesvara was killed by Ugrayudha, and Ugrayudha was killed by me, Prsata too attacked the city of Kampilya. Then with my consent, the father of the illustrious Drupada, conquered his ancestral country of Ahicchatra.

Thereafter Arjuna overpowered Drupada, with his powers and dedicated both Kampilya and Ahicchatra at the feet of Dronacarya.

Then Drona who was the foremost among the victorious warriors, after receiving both the countries, returned the country of Kampilya to Drupada and the fact is very well known to you.

In this way I have narrated to you the story of Drupada, Brahmadatta, Nipa and Ugrayudha completely.

Yudhisthira said - О competent son of Ganga, you tell me as to why the elder son of Brahmadatta, was blinded by the sparrow.

In which one of the palace, did she live for long? You kindly remove my doubts by narrating the relevant story correctly and why did she do harm to the same king in whose palace she lived for long.

Bhishma said: О king Yudhisthira, in ancient times, the event that took place in the palace of Brahmadatta, you please listen to the same, completely.

O king, there was a sparrow, who after developing love with Brahmadatta, became his friend. Both her wings, belly and back were black, but she had a red head.

О best of kings, the said friend of the king Brahmadatta, was tightly caught in his love. Her net was lodged in his palace.

She daily getting out of the palace of Brahmadatta, wandered over the seasore besides banks of lakes and trunks.

О king, she, roaming about the river banks, mountains, bowers, forests, gardens, with fregrant lotus flowers, the breeze of which spread the fragrance of lotus flowers, blue lotuses and saffron lotuses had been blowing. The aquatic birds like the swans, cranes, ducks used to indulge in sports issuing sweet notes. She wandering in such types of tanks, returned to her nest in the evening in the city of Kampilya.

She narrated to the king daily the surprising events she witnessed in the different places and countries, during the night.

О lion among the kings of the Kuru race, once, a son was born to the king Brahmadatta, who was given the name of Sarvasena. At the same time the auspicious one also laid an egg.

О lord of earth, once the egg burst in her nest and a pinda of flesh emerged out of it having hands, feets and the mouth. Its face was of brown colour, but the eyes had not yet been opened. After some time the eyes of the chick were opened and it also grew small wings.

Thereafter, the adorable one showered the same affection on her chick as well as the prince.

She used to bring daily the nector like tendor fruits, carrying in her beak and served both the prince and her chick.

The infant of Brahmadatta and the chick of the adorable sparrow, felt delighted by consuming those fruits. In this way both of them consumed the fruits daily.

О king, after the departure of the sparrow named Pujani, the mid wife of the prince used to take out the chick out of the nest and give it to the prince for playing with it.

Once the infant prince, while playing with chick, cought hold of the neck of the chick in his fist, which could be opened with great difficulty. Therefore because of the tightness of the fist, the chick of the sparrow at once died.

The king Brahmadatta, some how got the chick released from the grip of the prince, which fell down dead with its beak opened. Finding that the chick has been killed by his own son, the king felt extremely painful.

Then Brahmadatta, getting grieved, with the flowing of tears from his eyes, denomced the mid-wife. Then he started grieving for the chick while standing there.

At the same time, the sparrow named Pujaniya, returned after wandering in the forest, to the palace of Brahmadatta.

Reaching the palace, she found that her chick born out of her own body was lying dead.

Finding her son in such a precarious condition, she was fainted. She regained consciousness after some time, then the ascetic bird started lamenting.

Pujaniya said: I am after, my return, uttering the typical Кип кип sound, but still why donot you appear before me uttering pleasent sound from your mouth in stammering voice.

O son, suffering from hunger, why do’t you come to me opening your yellow beak and red palate.

I am crying covering you with my wings, but am unable to listen to you chin chili and кйп кип sound.

I had developed a desire in my mind as to when shall I find my son desiring for the water, fluttering the wings and spreading the beak. This desire of mime has vanished with your death?” Thus she lamenting vareously, then spoke to the king.

“O degraded ksatriya, you happen to be an emperor and well aware of the Sanatana-dharma, then why did you get my son killed, by stretching it by the mid-wife as well as your son? You answer me.

Have you not heard the Angirasi Sruti that, the one takes refuge in the house, a hungry person, a person followed by the enemies and the one who had been living in one’s house for long should be protected.

A person who cannot protect such people, he surely falls in the Kumbhlpaka hell. How can the gods and the manes accept the offerings made to them by such a person?”

О great king, thus speaking to the king Brahmadatta, feeling disturbed with grief then Pujanlya sparrow, tore out the eyes of the prince with both her talons, as a result of which, the prince lost his eye sight. In this way blinding the prince, Pujanlya flew in the sky.

Then the king looking at his son, said to Pujanlya the sparrow,“O auspicious one, now you get free from grief you have done quite well.

Now you return getting free from grief. Let your friendship remain firm. Let you meet with welfare. You return and live here as before.

О friend, let you meet with welfare, I have not felt enraged even after your causing pain to the prince. You did, whatever should have been done.

Pujanlya - the sparrow said - О best of the rulers, I treated your son to be my own and loved him equally. Therefore, after blinding him, I have become sinful and as such I do not want to live here any further.

Now you listen to me the stories told by Sukracarya, according to which one should discard the evil friend, evil country, evil king, evil relatives, evil wife, from a distance.

One can not develop intimacy with an evil friend, one cannot have pleasure from an evil wife, it is difficult to get a pinda from an evil son and one cannot get justice from an evil king.

How can one have faith over an evil friend? It is not possible to live in an evil country. One always remains afraid of an evil king and one always achieves pain from an evil son.

A degraded person who has faith in a criminal, he cannot live long like an orphan or a weak person.

One should not believe in unbelievable person and should not have blind faith in the behaiveable person as well, because the danger, that emerges by believing on such person destroys even the roots of a person.

A person, who believes in the servants of the king and the castes of mixed breed, such a foolish person can not live for long.

As an ant after developing wings flies above and them falls in the mouth of death, similarly by having faith in such person, a person gets killed himself. There is no doubt about it. Thus spoke the sage Sukracarya.

As a creeper protecting her own brahches (and the body) dries up the great banyam tree by her softness, similarly a learned person, protecting his own body, displaying all humility, destroys the enemy completely.

As the white ant remaining soft, is stuck to a tree and slowly destroys it from the roots, similarly the enemy inspite of his being weak, displaying softness outwardly, enters the body and uproots a person at the first available opportunity.

О king, Indra, took a vow before the sages not to let them down, had killed Namuci under the cover of the foam in water.

The humans kill the enemy who is asleep, intoxicated and or is arrogant, deceitfully, by fire, with the use of the weapons or with the use of some tricks.

О king, the people, getting afraid of the continued enmity, do not leave the enemy alive and learning about this proverb, completely uproot the enemy and destroy him.

О king, in case, the enemy, the loan or the fire is left in small quantity, they get accumulated againfand cause trouble). Therefore even the trace of them should not be left.

Even when an enemy laughs, speaks, eats in the same vase, is seated over the same seat, but inspite of that, he is unable to forget his earlier enmity.

Even after developing friendship with an enemy, one should not believe in him, because Indra, inspite of becoming the son- in-law, killed Puloma in the battle ground.

A person who speaks sweet words concealing enmity in his heart, a wise person, developing faith in him, should not go to him in the same manner, as the deer does not go to the hunters.

In case an enemy preserving enmity in him, prospers, then one should not live with him, because as the water of the river in flood uproots the trees, similarly, the enemy uproots his opponent completely.

Even after getting a promotion from an enemy, one should not believe that he had been actually promoted. Even after getting promotion from the enemy, a person gets destroyed like the winged ant.

O lord of earth, a learned person, resorting to selfdefence, one should keep in mind the stories (or the advice) of the sage Sukracarya.

I have committed a grave sin by blinding your son. Therefore, I shall have no faith in you.”

О king, thus speaking, the sparrow, flew into the sky. О Rajendra, I have narrated to you the talk that was held between the sparrow as well as the king Brahmadatta, in ancient times.

О immensely intelligent Yudhisthira, now I shall speak on the subject of performing of Sraddha, about which you had enquired. At a question by Mdrkandeya, whatever had been spoken by Sanatkumara, I shall repeat the same ancient history to you.

О great-king, you listen to the words of Galava, Kandarlka and Brahmadatta, spoken by them keeping in view the achieving of the best rewarde for the performing of Sraddha, besides the stories of their seven births.

Here ends Chapter 20, of the Harivansa Parva of the khilabhaga of the epic of Mahabharata relating to the dynasties of Brahmadatta and Ugrayudha narration of Sukraniti. (Vrs.1-143, P.T. = 1153)

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Dynasties of Brahmadatta and Urgayudha - narrating Sukra - and the adorable sparrow