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The glory of the tapas performed by Visnu at Puskara





Vaisampayana said — О Janamejaya, lord Visnu, the truthful one, once desired to go to the north. The lotus eyed lord Hari, stood on one foot over a mountain with several metals at Puskara-tirtha for ten thousand years.

Lord Visnu, from whom, Brahma was born, performed hard tapas with his spotless mind. Being Paramesvara he did so in order to educate the people.

Similarly the illustrious Soma too, applying ashes over the limbs of his body, performed tapas for eight thousand years.

With the well known lustre achieved with his tapas, Soma, humiliating all the planets and the constellations, delighting the entire world, illumines himself in the middle of the sky.

The auspicious Soma, controlling his mind his wisdom, controlled all the worldly pleasures. Then he achieved the Brahmi siddhi with the practicing of Yoga.

He, while performing the task of the spreading of light, appears in the heaven, earth as well as the sky. Besides this, he, with the use of his yogic powers, takes to several forms which are nectar like.

Lord Mahesvara, who keeps his form quite secret, took to performing tapas raising his right foot. He stood in this position for nine thousand years. During those days, the inhaling of the air was his only food. He always concentrated his mind over the object of his worship. Thus lord Mahadeva also a Mahayogl, started performing tapas at the birth place of Brahma, regularly.

Then one day, the wind storm surrounded lord Siva, who had been performing tapas with the concentrating of his mind. At that point of time lord Siva in the form of a bull, inhaled the wind with his mouth in the form of foam, and then exhaled it.

The wind so exhaled by lord Siva in the form of a bull, changed its form, and fell down in the form of the gum of the trees. At that point of time the gum was neither wet nor looked like the stone.

That form of wind came to be known as foam. The said foam, with the combination of the water, started floating in the sky. It was neither wet nor dry and as such it merged into the thick form of the wind.

At that point of time, the water with foam, was raised up by wind without any support, in the sky. It was then turned into the form of a cloud.

It attained thickness in the form of hails and then turning to the blue form, rained on earth with rain water here and there. With the fall of the sun rays, they also looked of red colour. They were neither wet nor were they dry like the balls of earth.

Then the wind god, who roams about everywhere, taking to the form of a Brahmana, controlling his mind and the sense organs, performed hard tapas for a thousand years.

The fire god also growing a large number of the locks of hair, clad in tiger skin and the bark costumes, keeping silence, discarding food, making all the efforts performed hard tapas at Puskara for four thousand years.

With the heat of the fire god, a huge fire emerged, illuminating the heaven, started living there, removing the darkness there. (It came to be known as the sun, subsequently.) The Brahman fire, with the influence of its tapas came to be known as BhUta-prakasa.

О Rajendra, the relation was established among the humans on earth. (The darkness here means smoke and the related path of smoke, which is found with humans in the form of the pride of different varnas.) The sun being the heap of light, is superior to the aforesaid fire.

The sun, with his yogic powers, considers of no consequence, the lustre of other human beings on earth, but he is unable to disregard the lustre of a Brahmana. He pays special attention for the same. Those who are devoted to the sun god, the path of their smoke is also destroyed by him during the night. (It means that in case a devotee of the sun dies, he then gets the well lighted path). But the one who is engaged in the performing of the deeds with selfish ends, he is unable to achieve liberation or moksa at his death.

The Yaksas, having controlled all their senses and who can move everywhere at will, also perform tapas at Puskara with the concentration of their minds.

The streams of water which fall on earth from the Mahendra mountain, they perform tapas for a number of years equivalent to the number of those streams.

They offer their salutation to the sun god, kneeling down. As a result of this, they concentrate their sight in the centre of the sun and visualise the world through that for thousands of years.

With the concentrating of the vision in the middle of the solar disc, the sun looks like a circle. When the sight of Puspamitra reaches the solar disc, then with the eyes under the influence of the solar disc, the well known rays of the sun, starting from the solar disc, spreads every where and then turns as the hundreds and thousands of the Yaksas. Thus the Yaksas look graceful with the lustre of the sun emerging from their eyes, as the fire god looks graceful with the learned sacrificial priests.

At the time of the decline of the karmas performed with the body or at the arrival of the time of dissolution, then Puspamitra or the future Kubera, imitates with the eye balls the rays of the sun.

With the increase of the glory of their tapas, they sat over the earth. Then controlling their sense organs, they again performed hard tapas for another thousand years. Then, they, reaching the peak of the Meru mountain, disowing the lust, they moved with the apsaras.

Then the Yaksa known as Puspamitra was born as Kubera-Naravahana. Actually, it was lord Visnu, conducting in this form, whose resplendece was enhanced at the end of his tapas.

О Rajendra, there is none in three worlds who could perform such a hard tapas, except Visnu.

Then Vasuki with several hoods, performed tapas there concentrating his mind in Brahman with his wisdom, keeping silent.

The auspicious and valorous serpent Sesa, the son of truthful Kasyapa, climbing over a tree was hanging upside down and was emitting the venom from his tongues. Sesa, well-versed in tapas spent there a thousand years without taking any food.

The venom emitting by the serpent Sesa, subsequently came to be known as poison known as KalakUta. The people affected with the said poison, could never be comfortable.

The sharp venom is found in all the serpents, exhausively and is followed by all the living beings.

О Bharata, the tamasika-tapas which is based on the mutual enmity and voilent anger, destroys the limbs of the sadhaka or the performer himself.

О king, with the emerging of the voilent poison, Brahma, keeping the welfare of the living beings in view and for the removal of the voilence, created mantras by which one could be relived of the effect of poison.

Let Garuda, with his spreaded wings, and tips of the nails besides the hanging tuft, protect the water and the earth, for thousands of years.

With his spreaded and developed wings he stands covering the earth and the sky. He dwells in the body and the earth in the form of an antaryami. His innumerable and wonderful wings, are graceful for the earth.

О son of Bharata, О Narendra, with the reciting of the Garuda-mantra all the living beings even of the heaven could be brought back to life. Down below with Indra and others, the earth becomes free from poison, looks graceful like the sky in which the constellations are spread.

The auspicious Himavan performed tapas while standing in the water during the winter and cold seasons, at Puskara. At that point of time the fish of the lake of Puskara were caught up in the head of the hair of Himavan. He exercising control over his mind and the sense organs roamed about and performed tapas there alone.

The auspicious Himavan, could press the earth having the body and the strength greater than him, performed tapas raising his right hand upwards.

О Suvrata, Himavan lived inhaling the air, concentrated his mind, depending on yoga, and performed tapas there for a thousand and a hundred years.

О son of Bharata, О king, the one who is the place of birth of Brahma, besides, being eternal, endless and everlasting and serves every one in form of jiva, who has specialised by meditating in samadhi or reciting the Pranava mantra and holds the entire earth, he is none else than lord Visnu himself. (It is he who holds or carries the earth in the form of a tortoise.) His shape is beyond measure and he is the formless Brahman.

He is seated during the day (or could be achieved with the application of vidya) and keeps on standing during the night) (or is above the reach of Avidya or ignorance.) He is truthful religious minded, also known as Hari conducts himself as per his own will.

The hand of lord Visnu has been raised for the protection of his devotees. It has been termed as the all pervading Brahman in the sky.

О king, the dharma as the moon, pacifies the mental blemishes which hold the mind in captivity. Besides the insignificant planets and the stars are represented by the eyes and other sense organs, are protected by it to lean towards the worldly pleasures.

The right hand of the lord on earth represents dharma, which removing the ignorance by means of the moon, raises the performer to the status of a MahayogI or the adorable one (In other words, it means that with the adoration of the Ganga, and the rays of the moon, one is freed of ignorance, while, by taking refuge in dharma, besides achieving jhana and yoga, one can achieve moksa as well.

The ignorance in the form of the night, is comparable with shadow and is devoid of linga. The wonderful earth, taking to the form of a body, with the concentration of mind takes to the form of the moon, enters the solar disc in the sky, like the lake of mirage, is beyond destruction).

The earth washing both the feet with soles, (or bathing them at various places of pilgrimages, squeezing all the limbs, with the firm mind, started performing tapas and continued to do so for long.

With the water having been dried up with the sunrays the earth was also pushed towards the same, as the earth was submerged in water at the time of dissolution and was pulled up by the lord in the form of Varaha.

Then the earth, having been mixed with the sun rays, was turned into the form of a great river. At that point of time, she was surrounded with the gold like metals and appeared like a beautiful crystal rock.

Having been owned by the sun, it was unified with his sun shine. She was then lodged in the solar disc becoming invisible to the eyes.

Floating over the vast expause of water, she was turned into the shape of Akasa- Ganga and she rushed from there with force.

She looked extremely resplendent, with the shady trees, creepers, fragrant flowers, besides the different types of fragrant lotus flowers.

The Mahanadi kept on flowing forward, appeared graceful like a beautiful damsel clad in the best of garments and adorned with excellent ornaments. The golden lotuses appeared like her waist ornaments. The crystal slabs, served as her waist bands, with the use of the dust of lotus flowers as her cosmetic, her complexion looked like white and yellow. The ruddy geese appeared as her ear-ornaments. The blue lotuses, grown in the water gave the impression of her hair do. She had heaps of flowers floating in (the flow of her water).

The earth which held all the lokas on her surface, after performing great tapas was initially turned into the moon, then she took to the form of the Ganga. Coming in contact with the Puskara-tirtha, then she meditated for the supreme soul and achieved the fruit of her tapas.

Then the carrier of the earth, taking to the form of Ganga, established herself as Sarasvati at Puskara and reciting the Vedas there, engages herself in religious studies. The river Sarasvati, slowly flowing reached the mounain Mandarachala.

At that point of time, she, having been educated by the Rishis, started reciting the hymns with four padas of RK, yajuh, and Sama Vedas with clear accent.

Sarasvati used to recite the Vedic hymns in the company of these Rishis, who were resplendent like the fire. All their sins had been put to ashes with the performing of the tapas. The fois, seated at the foot of the mountain Suparsva, discoursed their disciples in Brahman.

The Brahmaghosa of Sarasvati, could not be heard by the living beings regularly, who had been overpowered by the sense organs. The sound spreading in the mountain Mandarachala echoed in the entire world.

With the niyama of interval the goddess of speech kept quiet. In that condition the truthful goddess could not pronounce her speech appropriately.

Thereafter all the people kept quiet. They could not forcibly do anything.

The goddess Sarasvati, standing over the river bank, in order to show her grace on all the living beings, dividing the yoga mentally, again uttered the huge sound. (It means that, inspite of her being unable to establish the speech of Brahma, clearly, the goddess Sarasvati, could establish the relative tattva).

The education imparted by Sarasvati can also be grasped by the other incarnates. All of them standing in the same position received the mantras as per their eduction.

Adityas, Vasus, Rudras, Marudganas and Asvini kumaras, keeping matted locks of hair over the heads, clad in tigerskins, wearing the waist band of the ropes of reeds, recite the hymns as per their education.

The Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Nagas, besides Varuna also recite the hymns as per their education. All of them collectively perform tapas at Puskara.

They dry up their bodies with the performing of the tapas there with insects, serpents, scorpions etc.

Lord Visnu, even after getting the all pervading body, also appears in the four armed form. Mahayogi Visnu protects his companions like Aditya and others in the same form.

Lord Visnu pervades in the entire universe. He gets multiplied into two forms as Nara and Narayana. Illumining himself like the fire witout smoke, performs sports like the tapas.

The same lord Visnu taking to the shape of Garhapatya-fire, heats the gods of earth and purifies them as gold and then travels with them in order to provide the reward of their Karmas.

The one who has shattered the strength of the selfish people, the flames which are spread around them the fire god looks graceful.

The humans who are attracted towards the worldly pleasures, but claim themselves to be the maryada of the earth, those opposing them cannot cross the fire, similarly the all pervading Visnu cannot be side tracked by Brahma and others who are like flies.

The fire god with rising flames, gets divided, with his flames, in many forms and turning himself like the fire without smoke, are purchased by the fire like Rtvijas in the yajnas in many forms. (In other words those purchasing soma-rasa, actually purchase them alone).

The smokless fire representing Visnu, till the end of the yajna, the dravya gods and other shine immensely. Then the same fire god reaches there in the shape of the reward, where lord Visnu had walked with three stops.

One should well realise lord Visnu who is engaged in the protection of all. He is valorous, all pervading, appearing in several shapes ultimately appeared as the serpent Balahaka. (or the elephant Airavata shattering the clouds).

Lord Visnu is lodged in the body as the fire of stomach, who consumes everything with his tongue. He possesses the divine knowledge, is engaged for the welfare of all and has a resplendent look, performing his activities. Then Balahaka — the serpent, who supports the lives of the living beings, crowned lord Visnu with the pleasent and cool water.

Then the fire god, having been served by the siddhas, who was a great yogi, having enormous renoncement, controlling his mind with his own wisdom, started performing tapas at Puskara.

He, absorbing the lower limbs in upperlimbs, established his mind in his head, finding an unshakable place he observed silence.

This is the exence of all the dharmas. There is no alternative to this. It is useful in this as well as the other world.

The Daityas who had already been defeated, arrived there holding weapons in their hands. They were surrounded by many illusory cities.

О Janamejaya-the terrible one for the enemies, the Daityas who were valorous and illustrious like the fire, started striking, with the mountains. The fire god.

In the conflict they having been overpowered with pride and arrogance took to the form of fire, assisted with the illusory intentions, started showering the rain of stones over the fire.

But as the sun god becomes desirous of reducing to ashes all the living beings at the time of dissolution, similarly the hundreds of mountains dropped by the Daityas in fire, were reduced to ashes.

The fire god who represented the month of gods, could not be defeated by the Daityas, in the same way as the demon Mandeha, at the time of sun-rice is unable to overpower the rising sun.

The strength of the Daityas was shattered making all the efforts. They felt disgusted left the place and were seated over the Gandamedana mountain.

The firegod in association with the Vaisnava as well as lightenings, burnt out the Daityas moving in the sky.

At that point of time, Balahaka — the serpent, (Airavat a) poured the rain, on earth like the clouds.

With the hymns recited from the month of the Brahmanas, the Naga was influenced and honouring the progeny of the Brahmanas, poured the rain there.

Here ends chapter — 28, of Bhavisya Parva of the Harivarhsa Purana, a supplement of the epic of Mahabharata, relating to the glory of tapas by Visnu at Puskara.(CVrs. 1-92, P.T. = 10,939)

 

Chapter 29

Rise of gods due to tapas

Janamejaya said — О sage, what did the gods do, after performing the tapas collectively? There is no task in the world, which cannot be done with the tapas.

Vaishampayana said — О king, then all Brahmanas having the form of Visnu, received diksa for the performing of the yajna. They took out the fire from Puskara and consecrated it variously in an appropriate manner. Thereafter having been influenced with the divine order, they performed the homa in a regular way.

The fire god, getting pleased with Brahmateja kept on growing there appropriately. Illumining with great lustre, the fire god then appeared in his human form.

He at that time was given the name of Brahmadanda. He then appeared like redusing to ashes with his lustre, the other people. His form as well as the weapons were all divine. He carried the shield, the sword, a bow, adagger and a khetaka as his attributes.

Narayana on the other hand held the club, plough, cakra, arrow, shield, battle axe, spear, vajra, sword, Sakti, excellent bow, musala as well as Langula (liiiga) in his hands as attributes. The valorous Nara was carrying a plough and a musala in his hands.

Indra, the lord of gods, with the influence of his tapas achieved the vajra known as sitaparva, which is often used by him. Rudradeva, was holding on earth only a bow and a spear.

Mrityu (death), held a danda, Varuna held a noose and Kala held a Sakti, while Tvasta held a battle-axe and Kubera held an axe.

In this way, all the gods were equipped with various weapons, which were unblemished. Both Visvakarma and Tvasta were creating several weapons for the gods.

Then lord Visnu — the great soul presented the fire like chariots to Indra, the glorious sun, and Mahatma Indra.

Tvasta then created the force as per the dictates of the Vedas. Visvakarma then made the planes in various ways.

The truthful Visnu, on the day of the festival extracted from the Puskara forest, a part of his body and asked him to create the army.

Then lord created the dyuloka (space) with the use of his speech, created the dyuloka, where Indra — the lord of the gods, while staying there had shattered the enemies in the war between Devas and the asuras.

Appearing in the form of Brahma, lord Visnu finding that the Brahmadanda shot by Indra over the asuras was justified, accepted it appropriately and then disappeared from their sight.

Then, he, using his own influence created four types of weapons known as Aindra, Agueya, Vaiyavya, besides Raudra with his terrific lustre.

The valorous sons of Diti, inspite of their having been equipped with tapas, education, and the divine weapons, were overpowered by the lust.

All of them with the strength of the four fold army, became invincible in the battle field.

They, discarding the middle of the caves, sitting in the chariots filled with the commodities, started wandering on earth in the valleys at the foot of the mountains.

Then the entire four fold army of the asuras was destroyed by the valorous Visnu, who established yogas on earth.

Then he, clad in religious costumes of tiger skin, in association with the Brahmanas and the gods, kept on wandering after which he performed tapas.

Here ends chapter — 29, of Bhavisya Parva of the Harivamsa Purana, a supplement of the epic of Mahabharata, relating to the rise of gods due to tapas. (Vrs. 1-21, P.T. - 10,960)

 

Chapter 30

Churning of the ocean

Janamejaya said - О Brahman, how did the people live on earth, when the world was deprived of maryada and the enormous ignorance had been spread everywhere there was no possiblity of the people to achieve liberation? (1)

Vaishampayana said — О king, in the earlier times, Prajapati, who was always engaged over the upkeep of the people, accompanied with the Rishis, crowned Prthu- the son of Vena, to look after the people.

At that point of time, Satyayuga had already come to an end Tretayuga had just started. At that point of time, all the people, taking Prthu to be their protector, talked among themselves, "He is our excellent king. He has risen to the position of the king, because of his love for us. He is there to provide livelihood to us. He will invent several type of industries. With his truthful ways, he would provide livelihood to all the people on earth.

At the same time, the gods, who had been fatigued by observing many rules, were seated at the peak of the Gandhamadana mountain.

It was the time of the spring season, during the month of Vaisakha. All the gods and Daityas who were seated, suddenly experienced the blowing of the fragrant wind. All of them felt intoxicated with that fragrance.

The said fragrance emanated from a flower which was spread with the wind. It forcefully attracted the mind and was extremely pleasent. It happened to be the best fragrance of the earth.

The Daitya were suprised with the fragrance. They were delighted at heart feeling quite comfortable.

Getting intoxicated with the fragrance they uttered, "When the flower has such a sweet smell, how sweet would be its fruit?"

The intelligence relating to the deeds is of different type. One should know about it by imagination alone. Some of them are auspicious and the others are inauspicious. The living beings should understand them using their wisdom.

Therefore, all of us should drop the osdhis in the oceanic water, should churn it with the Mandarachala Mountain which can take to any form at will.

Ultimately all of us, should make efforts for the achieving of the nectar, churning the ocean. By so doing we shall get the i nectar, consuming which, we shall become eternal and can take to my form.

The immensely valarous Visnu should lead the gods. Then all of us, becoming eternal with the consuming of the nectar shall enjoy the comforts of the earth as well as the heaven with our enemies.

All of us shall enjoy all the comforts with our families,' parents, brothers as well as the sons. We shall consume nectar on earth receiving our shares."

In this way the immensely valorous Daityas talked about shaking or uprooting Mandaracala. For that purpose they uprooted the trees grown over the Gandha madana mountain. Then they rushed to uproot the Mandarachala mountain, shaking the earth.

But the terrific Danavas, could not uproot the Mandara mountain. Their knees were scratched and they fell into the vast mountain.

All their sins had been burnt out with the performing of tapas. They consoled their own minds and bowed their divine heads before Brahma, taking refuge with him.

Brahma can reach at every place and can control everyone. He uses his wisdom for the welfare of the lokas. He realising the desire of the Daityas, keeping the welfare of the world in view, spoke the pleasent words. While possessing a body, he spoke the divine words.

He said, "In case Adityas, Vasus, Rudras, Marudganas, the gods, Yaksas, Gandharvas, and Kinnaras — the singers, make efforts for getting the nectar, then they can lift the mountain, possessing several metals. All the gods and Asuras, should make efforts collectively as a result of which they would find the mountain lifted with their hands.

At that point of time, the valorous Daityas stood before Brahma and hearing his words, engaged themselves in the performing of the task with their minds and speech. Then the churning rod to be used by the gods and the asuras was put in the water. They became the toys for salt ocean. They were churned here and there with the salt water of the ocean.

All the gods and the Asuras consigned the mountain Mandirachala in the salt ocean to be used as the churning rod. Then they used the serpent Vasuki as the churning rope. Then they churned the oceanic, water with osadhis for a thousand years. With the combination of the osadhis, the oceanic water, was turned into milk resembling the nectar.

The nectar which was kept in a vase was initially usurped by the — Asura, who had been overpowered by the greed and anger. Initially from all the sides, there emerged from the oceanic water, Dhanvantri, wine, Laksmi, Kaustabha gem and spotless moon. Thereafter the beautiful horse Uccaisrava emerged and then emerged the nectar.

The nectar was initially usurped by the Daityas. Then the gods in order to get it back talked about Rahu, "no one out the gods or the Daityas are anxious to usurp the nectar, except Rahu, (who intends to do so by force".

Then lord Hari, making use of his cakra cut off the head of Rahu. The ancient sages as well as Pitrs (manes) had not touched the nectar. In the mean time, the goddess earth, with the command of Brahma, received the vase of nectar from the hands of Indra. She then acted as a disciple of Brahma. She then left the place with the vase of nectar.

Here ends chapter — 30, Bhavisya Parva of the Harivamsa Purana, a supplement of the epic of Mahabharata relating to the churning of the ocean. (Vrs. 1-32, P.T. = 10,992)

 

Chapter 31







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